• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2011

The insulating characteristics and temperature rise behaviors of porcelain suspension insulators were investigated. The testing insulators had used in the distribution systems normally and were sampled. Firstly, leakage current was measured and its impedance was calculated. The leakage current of good insulators is 0.2 mA and its impedance is 66 $M{\Omega}$. The worse insulators have lower impedance and the insulators having below 15 $M{\Omega}$ take place flashover at the high frequency voltage flashover test. Secondly, the temperature rise characteristics were analyzed depending on leakage current and its impedance. Surface temperature of insulators was measured for 30 minutes and until its saturation after voltage was applied. The temperature rise of insulators having 15 $M{\Omega}$ is about $14.5^{\circ}C$ above the ambient temperature. Lastly, the heating behaviors of 3 insulators in a string was analyzed. Any insulator in the string does not generate heat so far as it has at least one sound insulator. On the other hand, all the insulators in the string are bad if the string have any heating insulator.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제3C권5호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2003

This paper presents development of solid core suspension disc insulators (cap and cap suspension disc insulator) for replacing cap and pin suspension disc insulators in overhead transmission and distribution lines which expose to lightning discharges. By this means the punctured problem caused by steep front surge voltage created by lightning discharge on the lines can be solved. The solid core suspension insulator was designed and constructed based on the dimensions of conventional suspension disc insulators (cap and pin insulators). The insulators are made of alumina porcelain. The electrical and mechanical characteristics of the solid core suspension insulators were carried out. The puncture test was performed in the air by applying steep front impulse voltage with amplitude about 2.5 per unit of 50% flashover (CFO) of the insulator unit at negative standard lightning impulse $1.2/50\;\mu\textrm{s}$ with steepness up to $9200\;kV/\mu\textrm{s}$. The testing results show that solid core suspension disc insulators are not punctured eventhough the steepness of the steep front impulse voltage was increased up to $9200\;kV/\mu\textrm{s}$.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.207-210
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• 2017

The suspension arrangement of insulators provides flexibility and assists in power transmission in transmission lines. The performance of the insulator string is strongly influenced by the environmental conditions to which it is exposed, its shape and the inherent material properties of suspension-type insulators. The suspension-type insulators are mostly made from glass, porcelain and ceramic material due to their high resistivity. Irregularity in charge distribution throughout the porcelain insulator may lead to accelerated aging and electrical breakdown. A very high and steep lightning impulse voltage may also cause breakdown of suspension-type insulators. We investigated various material characteristics such as alumina addition, surface morphology, x-ray diffraction pattern and relative density of suspension porcelain insulators manufactured in 1989 (36,000 lbs.), 1995 (36,000 lbs.) and 2001 (36,000 lbs.) by the KRI Company for use in 154 kV high power transmission lines. We compared the material characteristics of these porcelain insulators with that of the top-of-the-line porcelain insulators (36,000 lbs.) manufactured by the NGK Company in 2000. These suspension-type porcelain insulators were exposed to arc and flashover tests to examine their electrical and mechanical strength. It was noted that alumina addition (17 wt.%) for K-2001 was one of the major contributors to the enhancement of the performance of the porcelain insulators and to their ability to withstand very high current generation during the arc test. The porcelain insulators manufactured during 2001 also showed the highest relative density of 95.8% as compared to the other insulators manufactured in 1989 and 1995 respectively 94.2% and 91.5%. We also discuss reports of various failure modes of suspension-type porcelain insulators.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.822-831
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• 2009

애자는 송전선 시스템에서 전기적으로나 기계적으로 매우 중요한 소자이다. 송전선 시스템에 설치된 이후 애자의 열화 등에 의해 고장이 난 애자를 찾아내기 위해 애자로 부터의 방사 소음을 측정하여 분석하였다. 대상으로 한 제품은 2종류의 현수 애자, COS, 2종류의 Line Poster, 피뢰기이며, 이들 제품의 정상 상태와 고장 상태의 방사 소음을 각각 측정하여 시간 파형, 주파수 스펙트럼, 피크 검출의 결과를 서로 비교하여 그 차이점을 제시하였다. 또한, 이를 바탕으로 방사 소음으로부터 고장 상태의 애자의 검출의 가능성 및 그 방법을 제시하였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.464-469
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• 2004

The leakage current of transmission insulators contaminated with salt, clay, and kaolin was examined in the Gochang's Long Periods Testing Center. The Insulators were artificially contaminated and estimated with the method of equivalent salt deposit density(ESDD). The artificially contaminated insulators were installed with the same condition as in the real transmission power line and applied with 154 (kV). The leakage current of the artificially contaminated insulators was measured with environment conditions, such as temperature and humidity by the a automatic leakage current detecting system. The leakage current of heavily contaminated insulator was abruptly increased above 72［%］ of humidity, even though the leakage current was similar between the contaminated and non-contaminated insulators below 72［%］ of humidity. Also, it was found that the humidity was much more important than the temperature in the leakage current of transmission insulators. The leakage current of contaminated insulator was decreased when it was plenty of rainfall, resulting from natural washing.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1602-1604
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• 2000

When insulators are operated near cement factories, some amount of cement powder may be stuck on the surface of insulators and decreases their electrical performances. Three kinds of insulators, such as, silicone EPDM and porcelain insulators, are tested in this paper. Testing Voltage of 25kV is applied to the samples, and surface leakage current is measured for 6 months after cement solvent of 10 vol% was stuck on the surface of each insulator in the laboratory. Insulation layers are cut from 3 and 6 month-aged insulators and tested for ac breakdown, impulse breakdown, contact angle. After aging, electrical properties are unchanged in silicone and EPDM insulators but show some changes in porcelain insulators.

• 전기의세계
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1968

Up to the present time, laminated insulators have been used for the insulation of electrical apparatus. The reason to use laminated insulators is based on the fact that electrical break-down voltage depends on the weak spot theory. If thin insulators are laminated, the weak spot existence probability across the electrodes decreases according to the number of lamination. In this test, the effect of the number of lamination and the thickness of each lamination sheets on their break-down voltage are discussed. The results taken as a whole indicate; (1) The break-down voltage of laminated insulators composed of thin sheets are higher than those of thick sheets, however, the voltage may become the same beyond any definite thickness of laminated insulators. (2) When the lamination sheets becomes thinner, the variation of break-down voltage is great according to the number of lamination sheets. (3) It may by effective to use laminated insulators even when the insulators are aparted from the electrodes.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.94-97
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• 2017

A method of improving the anti-fouling characteristics of porcelain insulators was proposed in this study. Functional coating was performed as a method of reducing the surface contamination of the porcelain insulators. The functional coating was applied on a ceramic substrate, which has the same material as the porcelain insulators. After coating the ceramic substrate 2, 3, 4, and 5 times alternately in the horizontal and vertical directions, the surface characteristics according to the thickness of the coating film were analyzed. The optimal process was selected to coat the surfaces of the post insulators and long rod insulators, which are the representative porcelain insulators. After coating, heat treatment was performed for 1 hour at $200^{\circ}C$ in a furnace to secure the durability of the coating film. Compared to the uncoated insulators, the insulators with the functional coating showed significantly improved anti-fouling characteristics as well as excellent adhesion to the coated insulator surface.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2015

Reduction in pollution performance of polymeric insulators, aged due to water absorption stress and thermal stress, is a major threat to the reliable operation of power transmission and distribution system. Formation of partial discharges on the surface of wet polluted insulator plays a major role in determining the life time and pollution performance of outdoor polymeric insulators. However, reports on partial discharge characteristics of water absorption stress aged and thermal aged polymeric insulators are scanty. This paper discusses the pollution performance characteristics of accelerated aged polymeric insulators using the advanced ultra wide band PD signal measurement and analysis. Laboratory experiments on accelerated aged polymeric insulators were carried out as per IEC 60507 under AC voltage, at different humidity and contamination levels using NaCl as a contaminant. PRPD pattern and Time-Frequency map analysis of PD signals were carried out. From the results, it can be speculated that PD analysis is a well suited technique to understand the pollution performance of aged polymeric insulators.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.74-77
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• 2001

In order to investigate the effect of salinity level on tracking characteristics of polymer insulators for distribution power systems, tracking tests were performed by tracking wheel tester under different salt concentration. In this study, 6 kinds of polymer insulators were tested under 2200 ${\mu}\textrm{s}$/cm and 4000${\mu}\textrm{s}$/cm salinity. The salinity level has a significant effect on the tracking characteristics. Namely, most polymer insulators showed the good tracking resistance in case of low salinity level. But, in case of high salinity level some polymer insulators showed the excessive erosion and tracking. These phenomena may come from the different aging mechanism. It can be concluded that too high salinity level is not desirable in aging test of polymer insulators.