• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2003

We present MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings of status epilepticus in two patients. DWI showed a focal or diffuse hyperintensity with decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value, indicating cytotoxic edema in th e cerebral hemispheric cortices. The hyperintensities were located in the bilateral temporoparietooccipital areas and insular cortex in one patient, and unilaterally in the temporal lobe in the other patient.

• ALGAE
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.177-181
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• 2005

Two species of marine algae, Fauchea spinulosa Okamura et Segawa (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodophyceae) and Stictyosiphon soriferus (Reinke) Rosenvinge (Chodariaceae, Phaeophyceae) were newly collected from the southern coast and Cheju Island of Korea. Fauchea spinulosa was collected from subtidal zone in the insular region of the southern coast. Plants were erect from the discoidal holdfast with short stipe, pinkish to deep red, cartilageneous, dichotomously and flabellately branched, and 10-15 cm high, 5-15 mm broad. Tetrasporangia are cruciately divided and nemathecia occurred on a side of the branches. Cystocarps were mostly coronate in marginal area and spermatangia were scattered on both sides of branches. Stictyosiphon soriferus commonly occurs on muddy and sandy intertidal flat of Namhaedo located on the southern coast. Plants are epilithic, light brown, terete, 3-5 cm high, and branched heavily in irregular or alternate manner, arising from a small holdfast with rhizoidal clumps. Plurilocular sporangia were scattered in patches and slightly swollen above the cortex of the whole filament. Unilocular sporangia were not found.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2015

Background and Purpose: The association between the low emotional regulation and the brain structural change of major depressive disorder (MDD) has been proposed, but the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies on female MDD are rare. The purpose of the present study was to show the regional volume changes of gray matter (GM) in female patients with MDD by optimized VBM. Methods: To control subjects homogeneity, twenty female MDD patients and age, sex matched 21 normal controls were included for the VBM analysis. To identify the change of regional gray matter volume (GMV), the optimized VBM was performed with T1 MRIs. The amounts of gray/white matter and intracranial cavity volumes (ICV) were measured. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and partial correlation analyses covariate with age and ICV were applied for VBM. Results: The age and ICV distributions were similar between the two groups. In the ANCOVA, the total GMV of MDD was smaller than that of normal controls. In the VBM, regional GMV was relatively decreased in the limbic system (amygdalae, ambient gyri, hippocampi heads, subiculum, posterior parahippocampal gyri, pulvinar nuclei, dorsal posterior cingulate gyri, and left pregenual cingulate gyrus). The lingual gyri, short insular gyri, right fusiform gyrus, and right inferior frontal gyrus were also showed decreased regional GMV. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the female MDD is mainly associated with the structural deficits of the limbic system and limbic system related cortices, which were known to the center of emotions.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2015

Surveys of easily accessible or moderately remote South Korean mountains has revealed several common exotic and early species-complexes [Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) with A. diffringens (Baird, 1869), A. gracilis (Kinberg, 1867) and Metaphire californica (Kinberg, 1867)], plus an unexpected number of new native taxa. Megascolecid Metaphire muuido sp. nov. and lumbricid Eisenia muuido sp. nov. are newly described from Muuido Island, Incheon. Montane taxa are parthenogenetic Amynthas tokioensis oculo sub-sp. nov. that lacks male pores but is yet comparable to both Amynthas tokioensis (Beddard, 1892) and Metaphire soulensis (Kobayashi, 1938) with its possible new synonym A. chiakensis Hong & James, 2013. Apparently unique sympatric taxa are Amynthas bangtaesan bangtaesan and A. b. confinius sup-spp. nov., Amynthas centurio sp. nov., Amynthas punicans sp. nov., Amynthas seoraksan and A. seoraksan iti sub-spp. nov. These are newly described and their DNA COI gene barcodes, where obtainable, are presented in a phylogram with outgroup Acanthodrilidae Microscolex dubius (Fletcher, 1887) from Lake Biwa Japan being a new exotic record for Asia.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2002

Projections from the prefrontal cortex to subdivisions of the dorsal raphe nucleus were investigated in the rat using retrograde and anterograde tracing methods. A retrograde tracer, gold-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-apo-HRP-gold), was injected into each subdivision of the dorsal raphe including lateral wing, dorsomedial, and ventromedial areas. The majority of retrogradely labeled cells were located in the prelimbic, infralim-bic, and dorsal peduncular areas of the medial prefrontal cortex. A few cells were also identified in the cingulate, various regions of the orbital, and agranular insular cortices. Secondly, an anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), was injected into the medial prefrontal cortex involving the prelimbic or infralimbic areas. Axonal fibers with varicosities were identified in all subdivisions of the DR including the lateral wing, dorsomedial, and ventromedial areas. Projections were bilateral, with ipsilateral predominance. Axonal fibers were observed at the lateral border of medial longitudinal fasciculus or in the interfascicular region at the midline. The present findings demonstrate that both the midline and lateral wing regions of the dorsal raphe nucleus receive excitatory input from cognitive and emotional centers of the cerebral cortex.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 1990

In the present field study, the number of woody flora of Mt. Songni were summarized as 44 families, 89 generas, 140 species, 10 varities and 2 forms. Also, the flora among inland areas such as Mt. Paektu, Mt. Sorak, Mt. Songni, and Mt. Chiri, and insular areas, such as Oyoujong Island. Tokjok Archipelago, Kok-unsan Archipelago and Cheju Island, were compared, respectively, in order to interpret the characteristics of distribution patterns of the flora of this area. The flora of Mt. Songni were characterized as similar to the flora of Mt. Sorak, and also with that of Mt. Chiri. It was interpreted both the northern types of plants such as Aceraceae, Araliaceae, Fagaceae, Tiliaceae and Ulmaceae and the southern types of plants such as Celastraceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rhamnaceae, Solanaceae, Crassulaceae and Urticaceae were fluxed considerably into this region.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

A new dragonfly species, Nannophya koreana sp. nov., is described from Korea on the basis of morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) gene sequences. Nannophya materials from Korea and other areas in Southeast Asia were compared. The new species was previously recognized in Korea as the endangered pygmy dragonfly Nannophya pygmaea Rambur, 1842, which is widely distributed in insular and peninsular Southeast Asia. However, male adults of the Nannophya population in Korea could be distinguished from other N. pygmaea populations by the presence of a thick, incomplete black stripe on the lateral synthorax that terminated at half-length (vs. continuous to wing base), light orange (vs. red) anal appendages, and 4-5 (vs. 2-3) black teeth on the ventral superior appendages. In addition, the body length of N. koreana was generally larger (1.2-1.4 times) than that of N. pygmaea, regardless of life stage. COI gene sequences from the two groups exhibited substantial genetic differences (>12%), thereby sufficiently substantiating their differentiation. The taxonomic status, distribution, and habitat of the new species are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.368-370
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• 2013

Post-stroke atrial fibrillation has been frequently reported especially in the patients with right insular infarct as an evidence of cerebrogenic mechanism affecting on cardiac rhythm. However, conversion to normal sinus rhythm after stroke in patients who had atrial fibrillation has not been reported. A 88-year-old men who had untreated atrial fibrillation was admitted to hospital due to left middle cerebral artery territory infarction. During admission, second ischemic attack occurred in right middle cerebral artery territory. At that time, his atrial fibrillation converted spontaneously to normal sinus rhythm. Restored sinus rhythm sustained until he died due to sepsis. This case is evidence supporting a theory that brain is associated with control of cardiac rhythm. If no risk factor is revealed by intensive investigation in patients with acute cerebral infarctions that cardioembolism is strongly suspected as a cause, physicians should concern transformation of atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm after stroke.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2003

The fiber projection from the prefrontal cortex to the locus coeruleus (LC) in the periventricular region was analyzed in rat using anterograde and retrograde tracing methods. Following injection of an anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), into prelimbic and infralimbic regions of the medial prefrontal cortex, labeled axonal fibers with varicosities were observed bilaterally within the LC, with ipsilateral predominance. Terminal labeling was also observed in the region medial to the nucleus at rostral to middle levels of the LC, whereas axonal labeling in the caudal LC was minimal. Anterogradely-labeled axonal fibers were not found in the subcoerulear region. A retrograde tracer, gold-conjugated and inactivated wheatgerm-agglutinin horseradish-peroxidase (WGA-apo-HRP-gold), was injected into several rostro-caudal levels of the LC. Majority of retrogradely-labeled cells were observed in the prelimbic or infralimbic regions of the medial prefrontal cortex when the injections were made into rostral to middle levels of the LC. Only a few cells were observed in cingulate, dorsal peduncular, orbital, or insular cortices. The present findings suggest that the nucleus LC receives restricted, excitatory inputs from cognitive, emotional, and autonomic centers of the cerebral cortex and might secondarily have influences on widespread brain regions via its diversified monoaminergic innervation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2022

When free-ranging birds are accidentally killed or die, there may be greater potential for their associated ticks to detach, seek alternate hosts, and become established. We examined 711 carcasses of 95 avian species for ticks at a stopover island of migratory birds in the Republic of Korea where only Ixodes nipponensis and I. persulcatus were previously reported from local mammals and vegetation. A total of 16 ticks, I. turdus and Haemaphysalis flava, were collected from 8 fresh carcasses belonging to 5 avian species. Despite their known abundance on migratory birds and mainland Korea, these species had not colonized the isolated insular ecosystem possibly due to the low abundance and diversity of local hosts. The results imply that increasing human impact, such as the anthropogenic mortality of migratory birds and the introduction of non-native mammalian hosts, will increase the potential invasion and colonization risk of ticks. This finding also suggests that tick surveillance consisting of fresh carcasses of dead migratory birds may provide additional information, often ignored in surveillance of ticks on live birds, for the potential introduction of non-native ticks and associated pathogens affecting animal and human health.