• 한국가스학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2017

이 논문은 디젤 자동차의 터보차저 시스템에 관련된 고장사례를 연구하기 위한 것이목적이다. 첫 번째 사례는 터보차저를 분해하여 확인한 결과 터보 휠의 파손으로 터빈이 손상되어 작동되지 않음으로 배기관 구멍이 막혀 가속이 되지 않는 것을 확인하였다. 터보차저 장착차량의 경우 높은 회전수에서는 엔진을 바로 정지시키게 되면 고온에 의한 터보의 고착현상이 발생될 수 있으므로 공회전 상태를 충분히 유지한 다음 시동을 끄도록 한다. 두 번째 사례는 터보차저를 작동시키는 VGT 액튜에이터의 로드가 고착되어 가속불량 현상이 발생된 것으로 확인되었다. 세 번째 사례는 알터네이터(Alternator) 저항과 인터쿨로 팬 릴레이 커넥터 오조립으로 인해 주행 중 출력부족 현상이 발생한 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 터보차저 시스템의 철저한 관리를 통해 고장이 발생하지 않도록 하여야 한다.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2021

[Purpose] The aim of this review was to discuss the effects of vitamin D on physical performance and musculoskeletal injuries in athletes and provide information on the field applications of vitamin D. [Methods] A systematic review was conducted to identify studies on vitamin D in athletes that assessed serum vitamin D levels, vitamin D and physical performance, vitamin D and musculoskeletal injuries, and practical guidelines for supplementation of vitamin D. [Results] Several studies reported that a high proportion of athletes had vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency. Low serum levels of vitamin D in athletes were more pronounced in winter than in other seasons, and indoor athletes had lower serum vitamin D levels than outdoor athletes. Low vitamin D levels have been demonstrated to have negative effects on muscle strength, power, and endurance; increase stress fractures and other musculoskeletal injuries; and affect acute muscle injuries and inflammation following high-intensity exercises. Therefore, periodic assessment and monitoring of vitamin D levels are necessary in athletes; the recommended serum level of 25(OH)D is > 32 ng/mL and the preferred level is > 40 ng/mL (-1). In those with low levels of vitamin D, exposure to sunlight and an improved diet or supplements may be helpful. Particularly, 2000-6000 IU of supplemental vitamin D3 can be consumed daily. [Conclusion] Vitamin D is a potential nutritional factor that can significantly affect physical performance and musculoskeletal injuries in athletes. The importance and role of vitamin D in athletes should be emphasized, and the current levels of vitamin D should be assessed. Therefore, it is essential to periodically evaluate and monitor serum vitamin D levels in athletes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1996

대전 을지병원 흉부외과에서는 1991년 3월 부터 1994년 11월까지 흉부손상으로 입원한 305명의 환자에 대하여 임상적 고찰을 시행하였다. 연령 분포는 4세 에서 85세까지 다양하였고 가장 흔한 연령층은 30대, 40대, 50대 였다. 남녀의 비율을 보면 남자 환자가 229명에 비해 여자 환자는 76명으로 남녀의 비는 남자에서 많은 빈도를 보였다. 흉부손상의 가장 흔한 원인은 비 관통성 손상에서는 교통사고, 관통성 손상에서는 자상이 제일 많았다. 혈흥, 기흥, 혈 기흥은 전체 환자중 159례 (52.1%)에서 관찰되었고 늑골골절은 236례 (77.4%)에서 관찰되었다 손상 부위별로는 우측이 102례, 좌측이 142례, 양측이 45례로 좌측에서 많았고 가장 흔한 늑골골절은 3번에서 8번까지의 늑골이었다. 수상후 내원시간은 6시간 이내가 155례 (50.8%) 였다. 흉부손상의 초기 합병증 치료의 원칙은 흥강천자술(5례)이나 폐쇄성 흥관 삽관술(142례)에 의한 폐의 신속한 확장이 었으나, 심한 출혈 (13례), 횡격막 파열6례, 이물질 3례 등으로 17례 에서 개흥술을 시행하였다. 부분의 치료방법인 보존적 요법은 140례 (45.9%)에서 시행하였다. 전체 사망률은 2.6% (8례)였고 사망원 括\ulcorner호릅부전과 쇽이었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the treatment outcomes of adjuvant radiotherapy using vaginal brachytherapy (VB) with a lower dose per fraction and/or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) following surgery for patients with stage I endometrial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 43 patients with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I endometrial cancer who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy following surgery between March 2000 and April 2014. Of these, 25 received postoperative VB alone, while 18 received postoperative EBRT to the whole pelvis; 3 of these were treated with EBRT plus VB. The median EBRT dose was 50.0 Gy (45.0-50.4 Gy) and the VB dose was 24 Gy in 6 fractions. Tumor dose was prescribed at a depth of 5 mm from the cylinder surface and delivered twice per week. Results: The median follow-up period for all patients was 57 months (range, 9 to 188 months). Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for all patients were 92.5% and 95.3%, respectively. Adjuvant radiotherapy was performed according to risk factors and stage IB, grade 3 and lymphovascular invasion were observed more frequently in the EBRT group. Five-year DFS for EBRT and VB alone were 88.1% and 96.0%, respectively (p = 0.42), and 5-year OS for EBRT and VB alone were 94.4% and 96%, respectively (p = 0.38). There was no locoregional recurrence in any patient. Two patients who received EBRT and 1 patient who received VB alone developed distant metastatic disease. Two patients who received EBRT had severe complications, one each of grade 3 gastrointestinal complication and pelvic bone insufficiency fracture. Conclusion: Adjuvant radiotherapy achieved high DFS and OS with acceptable toxicity in stage I endometrial cancer. VB (with a lower dose per fraction) may be a viable option for selected patients with early-stage endometrial cancer following surgery.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2002

The objective of research provides the physical therapy of good quality to the patients to search for the problem pant against a physical therapy accident and it simultaneously respects physical therapy company law, the possibility of preparing a system defensive ability in order to be. The data were collected from 2000 October 1 to December 30th, and analyzed by a frequency and a percentage, oneway ANOVA, Scheffe method, $x^2$ official approvals. Conclusion (1) the accident where the patient falls from inside the treatment 'room is many and occasionally' 29.3% (63 people) with was many most. (2) Because of a mistake by a part-time therapist in holiday or a colleague therapist to do, the fracture or bum accident happens 12.5% (27 people), by a assist nurse due to more showed 12.1% (26 people) experience degree in the patient. (3) From physical therapy process breakdown of the medical treatment machinery and tools or it is in malfunction to do and the experience which has a failure to physical therapy is one enemy 68.1% (147 people) was in item. Also it treats and the patient or in the protector it sends an explanation in advance not to be, the experience which it enforces 50% (108 people), of service hour treatment equipment the medical treatment directives broad way of the doctor is accurate in insufficiency and does not enforce the experience is 45.4% (98 people), the patient whom I am treating Hot Pack (electricity has pack inclusion) with to do, the art dealer (over at 1 buffoonery) the experience which it puts on 27.1% (58 people), The patient whom I am treating is the electrotherapy flag (electricity has pack exclusion) with to do, the art dealer (1 degree art dealer over) the experience which it puts on 16.3% (35 people), the experience boat song the patient against a fracture from physical therapy process 9 person (4.2%) was visible an experience degree. (4) With hospital infection to do, from the patient the experience and the therapist which receive a problem proposal were caused by with hospital infection and the answer back regarding the experience which tries to receive a treatment appeared 6% (13 people), 42% (9 people) with each. (5) It listened to the treatment hour patient or the appeal of the protector and especially it does not appear to be being important it was not and and the management which is special it did not take, also the experience where the condition of the patient is deteriorated after that was 10.3% (22 people). (6) The condition or state of the patient does not agree with the medical treatment instruction of the doctor not to be, amendment one experience was 67.5% (145 people). (7) The experience degree of the physical therapy accident which relates with physical therapy recording and a secret maintenance 59.7% (129 people) 'is many and occasionally it is,' it showed an answer back and e it showed a most high accident experience degree. (8) The business overweight of physical therapy company 43.3% (93 people) with was high most from recognition degree of the physical therapy company against a physical therapy accident. (9) Against the question which asks the responsibility subject matter of physical therapy accident the whole answer back volition 42.8% did it is a joint responsibility where the multi person relates. (10) The accident occurs most the hour unit which plentifully in the afternoon 64.3% (133 people) with appeared from the recognition degree against the frequency hour unit of physical therapy accident. (11) Physical therapy it bought and after the various medical treatment accident which relates against the attitude of the, patient side against the physical therapy company it understood and trillion it was many most with 33.3% to be finished. (12) After physical therapy accident the management against the physical therapy company of the hospital authorities concerned above all do not experience 70.6% (149 people), from event right and wrong submission 22.7% (48 people), warning management 2.8% (6 people), the event report requirement and money compensation were each 0.5% (1 person). (13) As the prevention book of physical therapy accident most it is important, the fact which it thinks that, the persons supplement of physical therapy company 58.8% (127 people) with was high most. (14) It related with a physical therapy accident and the medical law 43.5%, civil law 23.9%, was visible the answer back ratio of the criminal law 13.7% from the degree which probably is a relation law.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2007

목적 : 이 연구는 낮은 b값의 SSFP-확산강조영상에 의한 물분자의 확산 성질 측정이 가능한지를 알기 위한 모형연구를 하고 이 기법이 골수질환에 적용이 가능한 가를 아는 것이 목적이다. 재료 및 방법: 모형 연구：순수한 물로 구성된 모형에서 확산강조 영상을 시행하였다. 섭씨 3도, 23도 그리고 63도의 순수한 물로 구성된 모형에서 SSFP 확산강조영상과 echo plannar imaging (EPI) 확산강조영상 (b값: $1000s/mm^2$)을 모두 시행하여 각각에서 신호 대 잡음 비 (SNR; signal to noise ratio)와 확산계수를 얻었다. 임상 연구 : 10명의 천골 부족 골절, 10명의 골다공증에 의한 급성 요추 압박골절, 그리고 전이암에 의한 요추 압박골절 8명에서 각각 SSFP 확산강조영상을 시행하였다. SSFP 확산 강조영상 외 확산계수를 측정하기 위해 single shot stimulated echo-acquisition mode sequence 를 이용한 확산강조영상을 시행하였다. 결과: 모형연구에서 EPI 확산 강조영상뿐만 아니라 SSFP 확산강조영상에서 물의 온도가 증가됨에 따라 신호강도의 감소를 보였다. EPI-확산계수 영상에서 확산계수 값은 3도의 물은 $0.13{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/s$, 23도는 $0.22{\times}10^{-3}mm2/s$ 그리고 63도에서 $0.37{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/s$를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 SSFP 기법은 비록 낮은 b 값을 가지지만 확산 강조 영상으로 확신된다. SSFP 확산강조영상에서 모든 천골 부족 골절과 골다공증 척추 압박골절은 높은 확산계수를 의미하는 저신호강도를 전이암에 의한 압박골절은 낮은 확산 값을 나타내는 고신호 강도를 보였다. 결론 : SSFP 확산강조영상에서 다른 확산계수를 가진 골수질환이 영상화 되었으며 모든 양성골절은 주위 정상 골수에 비해 저신호강도, 악성 종양에 의한 골절은 고신호강도로 관찰되었다.