• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2000

In these days, the interior interface design for vehicle drivers was recognized as important affairs. Thereby, many studies are being performed for this. These studies emphasize the physical factors and usability of human, but those for the cognitive factors are not enough. Cognitive factors are very important elements to determine the drivers' performance. In this study, it was studied about the method to extract a driver's cognitive map on IP(Instrument Panel) in dynamic situation, and BPM(Blind-Pointing Method) was proposed for this. The BPM is the method to extract a cognitive map by subject's pointing action under the blinded condition. The experiment was conducted to validate compatibility of BPM as the method to extract a cognitive map. In the experiment, subjects were divided in two groups, the first group of subjects has their own vehicle and driver license, and the second group of subjects doesn't have own vehicle but has driver license. The result shows that the IP form of cognitive map is not different between two groups, and BPM is the compatible method to extract a cognitive map.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.193-197
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• 1999

By the report of KISCO, the 54.20% of total disaster and the 20.87% of death disaster was caused by unsafe position-control. However, it is possible to decrease this kind of disaster rate by designing the control device in the consideration of safety. One of the most popular control device is vehicle instrument panel. Therefore, not only basic function but safe control under the driving environments should be considered when the vehicle instrument panel is designed. For safe control at the driving time, it is especially important to determine the priority of each part using emergency degree and usage frequency, and to set them with this priority for easy control position. In this paper, developing method to determine the priority of each part by pair-wise comparison for emergency degree and usage frequency was suggested and generated the mutual order weights to give them orders. To apply this method to the parts of instrument panel such as function button, audio, air conditioner, and other several detail parts, the direct questionnaire was implemented to drivers about the emergency degree and usage frequency of each part.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제23권61호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

Ergonomic vehicle design is very important for driver's safety and sensibility. Many studies have emphasized the physical factors of human operator and usability of control devices. However, driver's cognitive factors such as the shape of cognitive map have not been well documented. The aim of this research is to find the relationship between the shape of Instrument Pane (IP) in driver's cognitive map and the real vehicle. To do this, Sketch Map Method (SMM), that is an extraction method of cognitive map, was employed to extract the shape of middle-aged driver's cognitive map. In this study, SMM was modified to formulate driver's cognitive map because this process is not being in the existing SMM. Next, correlation was analyzed between individual cognitive map and the shape of real vehicle's IP. The result showed that the position of volume control switch and cigar jack was similar between these but the position of others wasn't.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2005

Achievement degree can be improved by display offering more effective process about cognitive, pattern recognition than making observers use memory, integration, and cognitive process of control. And this research is proved by several scholars' researches [4][5][7][9]. In this study, researches was conducted about cognition according to layout of object in instrument panel. To decide layout of instrument panel, Cognition value was preferentially decided about all location. And then, objects are arranged to correct position of low cognition following the inferior procedure about each location. As a result, we get conclusion that gauge location is taken in high importance order through mechanical importance degree bringing huge damage during driving forklift-truck.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2001

The flight simulator should be made like a actual flight. For the scene of sight, instrument should show the condition of flight and the pilot should catch the altitude, speed, pose and rate of lift of the airplane. This paper describes visual training program of driving airplane in practice. It is for beginners using joystick in PC, implements airplane physical equations. Flight simulator in it implements airplane panel parts in order to make simple modeling, And it uses rendering technology to implement vision parts of panel. It uses double buffering In make it faster and more efficient..

• 소성∙가공
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.452-459
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• 2005

Gas assisted injection molding (GAIM) is an innovative low-pressure injection molding technique that can provide numerous benefits such as reduced part warpage, excellent surface quality without sink marks, low injection pressure and greater design flexibility. However, adoptions of GAIM may cause unexpected defects since it requires many subtle design factors such as resin shot size, delay time and gas injection pressure, which wouldn't be considered in conventional injection molding process. Therefore, experiences applying GAIM should be collected and examined in order to establish design rules of the new technique. The purpose of this paper is to summarize developing cases of three automotive interior parts such as instrument panel, map pocket folding and center facia side panel so that possibilities and limitations of GAIM were examined. As a result, it is necessary to consider characteristics of GAIM at the initial stage of part design in order to obtain various advantages of the GAIM process without occurring severe defects, which would increase time and cost required to the part development.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.510-519
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• 2011

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the factors influencing service quality in nursing homes, and to develop an evaluation instrument for service quality. Methods: A three-phase process was employed for the study. 1) The important factors to evaluate the service quality in nursing homes were identified through a literature review, panel discussion and focus group interview, 2) the evaluation instrument was developed, and 3) validity and reliability of the study instrument were tested by factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and Cohen's Kappa. Results: Factor analysis showed that the factors influencing service quality in nursing homes were healthcare, diet/assistance, therapy, environment and staff. To improve objectivity of the instrument, quantitative as well as qualitative evaluation approaches were adopted. The study instrument was developed with 30 items and showed acceptable construct validity. The criterion-related validity was a Pearson correlation coefficient of .85 in 151 care facilities. The internal consistency was Cronbach's ${\alpha}$=.95. Conclusion: The instrument has acceptable validity and a high degree of reliability. Staff in nursing homes can continuously improve and manage their services using the results of the evaluation instrument.

• 감성과학
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.81-91
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• 1998

운전자의 안전과 감성적 요구사항이 중요시 되는 차세대 자동차의 IP(Instrument Panel) 설계를 위해 운전자으 인지특성을 고려하였다. 오디어 유닛과 HVAC(Heat, Ventilation and Air Condition)등의 주요 IP 구성요소 설계에 중점을 두었으며, 운전자의 인지특성과 가장부합하는 형태의 IP를 도출하기 위해 인지실험을 실시하였다. 첫 번째로, 기존의 차량에 설계된 IP 궁성요소를 분석하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 버튼의 수와 배열, LCD패널의 위치등을 조합하여 총 16개의 IP 프로토타입을 제작하였다. 다음으로, 제작된 프로타입을 각각 0.2, 0.4, 0.6초의 간격으로 Tachisto scope를 이용하여 피실험자에게 제시한후, 인간의 인지 지도(Human cognitive Map)에 근거한 '그리가 방법(Drawing Method)'을 이용하여 그들의 단기기억(Short-term Memory)상의 정보를 주어진 답안지에 그리도록 하였다. 이 인지실험의 다구찌 분석을 통하여 운전자의 인지특성을 고려한 최적의 IP형태를 제시하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.166-170
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• 2002

A hybrid structure composed of magnesium and steel is Instrument Panel structure used for the basement of cockpit module components. For that reason, A hybrid structure has to be designed for satisfying components assembly design facility and styling. There are various models of If like steel structure assembly, however having been applied normally, but magnesium structure assembly selected far saving weight down. This paper introduces a hybrid structure having advantages between steel and magnesium structure and presents a CAE technical solution based on a development project. furthermore, it provides desired direction of the future development is suggested.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.539-550
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• 1998

A computerized layout system based on a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) technique was developed to treat both facility layout and instrument panel layout problems. This layout system attempts to allocate various facilities under multiple layout criteria including qualitative design objectives. Since most of the design objectives can be understood as constraints which the layout solution must satisfy to improve the goodness of the solution, a CSP technique was employed to solve the multi-constraints layout problem. The effectiveness of the system was evaluated by the comparison with the well-known facility layout program, CORELAP. Furthermore, the proposed system can also be applied to the instrument panel layout problem successfully. Several user-centered guidelines were well reflected on the solution obtained. CONSLAY, the prototype layout system being developed in the research, greatly enhanced the interactions with the designer so as to deal with the problem-dependent nature of the layout problem and to properly reflect the domain-specific knowledge of the designer.