• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.296-306
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• 2014

This study was conducted to survey and analyze the quantity of various organic wastes and to vitalize the utilization of agri-food by-products as raw materials for Total mixed ration (TMR), to improve feed cost savings and the quality of animal products. On-the-spot obstacles for animal farmers, along with legal and institutional alternatives are presented. The results are as follows. First, organic wastes in Korea are managed by the Allbaro system created in the Wastes Control Act, which processes 10,488 tons of cooking oil waste, 832,493 tons of animal and plant residues, 5,740 tons of animal carcasses, 1,171,892 tons of animal residues, and 2,172,415 tons of plant residues including 12,905 tons of rice hull and bran, for a total of 4,205,931 tons. Raw materials for TMR, namely rice hulls and bran as well as plant residues, accounted for 51.7% of the total national organic waste. The top 10 municipalities process 76~100% of all organic wastes and a supply management system is needed for the waste. Second, the 10 major agri-food by-products used as raw materials for TMR are bean curd by-product, rice bran, oil-cake, brewers dried grain, Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS), barley bran, soy sauce by-product, citrus fruit by-product, mushroom by-product and other food by-product (bread, noodles, snacks, etc.). Third, the biggest difficulties in using agri-food by-products are legal obstacles. Because agri-food by-products are regulated as industrial wastes by the Waste Control Act, animal farmers that wish to use them have legal reporting obligations including the installation of recycling facilities. To enable the use of agri-food by-products as raw materials for TMR, waste management system improvements such as 'the end of waste status' and the establishment of more than 10 public distribution centers nationwide are deemed essential.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.21-35
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• 2001

By rearing private experts to design hazardous facilities, Safety property is obstained. So it is necessary to limit within the designer of hazardous materials facilities who has some degree skill. After permission progress about the inspection of the design ascertain whether it is safety property Mayor/Do governor permits within the laws and their qualification. Accordingly, Korea Fire Equipment Inspection Corporation be come specialization about the design, inspection of construction completion. A inquire purpose of Fire Service Act be considered fitness. Subject by which the Korea Fire Equipment Inspection Corporation is entrusted, subject by which the a non-probit corporation in The Civil Law be possible to entrusted in separate. In this case, because of the level of one's technique and facilities are important, to limit as a nonprobit corporation in The Civil Law give rise to trouble. Consequently; established a business corporation, which the level of one's technique and facilities, in accordance with The Commercial Law can assign inspection of construction completion. The contents of the Fire Services Act is caused by the historic growth of hazardous facilities's safety management. Because we decide on a course about completed inspection of hazardous substance, it is needed that adjust the task performed by a corporation of the exert skill and the duty performed by the task that a authorized corporation on the civil law or the commercial law To adjust the duty, the Fire Service Act, that is suitable to the purpose and principle, should constitute a measure of the duty. With the object of insure the safety of the hazardous substance, when the fire survice act establish a corporation of the expert skill. There is the will of lawmakers that need organization to have the power of the professional technology. The state excise the will that insure the safety of hazardous materials facilities on the basis of the professional technology and facilities, and construct to establish a corporation of the expert skill. Therefore as concentrate on the technology to need to insure the safety of the facilities of hazardous substance to be suitable on the purpose of laws and take responsibility and reports to a corporation of the expert skill. The task to be given to the state will be done.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2017

This study discusses the applicability of environmental friendly EVA based butyl rubber self-adhesive waterproof sheet designed to prevent corrosion of large scale pipes used in the water treatment facilities during th water treatment process. The experiments conducted tested the waterproofing sheet's adhesion strength on the steel surface of the pipes and checked for whether the material has the proper response properties against the various environmental conditions. In addition, it the sheet adhered to the steel pipe was to see if the adhesion hold against the water pressure due to the ingress of inflow water. Finally, the waterproofing sheet's adhesion strength was tested on a rusted steel surface to confirm whether the material has the necessary properties to secure stable adhesion strength and prevent corrosion of steel pipes at the same time during the process of installation or maintenance. As a result, the self-adhesive waterproof sheets showed that all attachments in the untreated, long term pressuring, immersion in chemical substance (hydrochloric acid, hypochlorous acid, sodium hydroxide), low temperature ($-20^{\circ}C$) conditions showed a adhesion performance of higher than 1.5N/mm, which is the performance standard of KS F 4934. Also, in the testing to check for the adhesion property against inverse water pressure, it was observed that the adhesion failure did not occur even up to $3.0N/mm^2$ pressure. Also, in the process of assessing the adhesion performance on rusted steel surface, specimens after 12 hours of corrosion treatment was shown to have 2.1N/mm, and specimens after 168 hours of corrosion treatment was shown to have 2.0N/mm adhesion strength performance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.792-800
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• 2012

The study was performed to simulate the reduction efficiency of suspended solids (SS) for cultivated land located at riverine area at the Namhan River and the Bukhan River watershed sites (site A, B, C) under the rainfall conditions using HUFF & SCS UH-based VFS Design module of Web GIS-based VFSMOD System. The study indicates that the field 5% sloped, located at Bukhan River watershed (site A), requires at least 0.5 m width of Vegetative Filter Strip (VFS) to reduce 70% of SS while the field 10% sloped requires the at least 1.0~1.5 m width of VFS to reduce 70% SS, under the condition 106.2 mm of rainfall event and bell pepper or corn of crops. Against the conditions 95.1 mm of rainfall event and sweet potato or soy bean of crops, the field 5% sloped, located at Namhan River watershed (site B) requires at least 0.5 m width of VFS to reduce 70% of SS while the field 10% sloped requires at least 1.0 m width of VFS to reduce 50% SS. The crops sweet potato and soy bean are cultivated in the site C, located at Namhan River watershed, 1 m of VFS is capable of 64.0% and 62.0% of SS reduction against 102.6 mm and 151.2 mm rainfall conditions respectively, for the 5% sloped field. The result supports that VFS is one of most potential methods to reduce SS from cultivated area, which is environment-friendly hydrologic structure. The VFS design, however, needs to be simulated before its installation in the field, the simulation needs to consider not only various characteristics of the field but also different conditions affecting the VFS, using a model capable to consider a lot of factors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.913-921
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• 2011

This study examined the overall feasibility of low carbon green village formed in rural area. The check method is analyzing its environmental and economic feasibility and energy self-reliance. The biomass of the villages was set as 28 ton/day of livestock feces and 2 ton/day of cut fruit tree branches which make up the total of 30 ton/day. The facility consisted of a bio gasfication facility using wet (livestock feces) biomass and combined heat power generator, composting facility and wood boiler using dry (cut fruit tree branches) biomass. When operating the system, 540,540 kWh/yr of electricity and 1,762 Gcal/yr of heat energy was produced. The region's electricity energy and heat energy self-reliance rate will be 100%. The economic feasibility was found as a loss of 140 million won where the facility installation cost is 5.04 billion won, operation cost is 485.09 million won and profit is 337.12 million won. There will be a loss of about 2.2 billion won in 15 years but in the environmental analysis, it was found that crude replacement effect is about 178 million won, greenhouse gas reduction effect is about 92 million won making up the total environmental benefit of 270 million won. This means, there will be a yearly profit of about 130 million won. In terms of its environmental and economic feasibility and energy self-reliance, this project seemed to be a feasible project in overall even if it manages to get help from the government or local government.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2012

Carbon dioxide, emitted by human activities since the industrial revolution, is regarded as a major contributor of global warming. There are many efforts to mitigate climate change, and carbon dioxide capture and geological storage (CCS) is recognized as one of key technologies because it can reduce carbon dioxide emissions from large point sources such as a power station or other industrial installation. The inclusion of CCS as clean development mechanism (CDM) project activities has been considered at UNFCCC as financial incentive mechanisms for those developing countries that may wish to deploy the CCS. Although the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the UNFCCC's Kyoto Protocol (CMP), at Cancun in December 2010, decided that CCS is eligible as CDM project activities, the issues identified in decision 2/CMP.5 should be addressed and resolved in a satisfactory manner. Major issues regarding modalities and procedure are 1) Site selection, 2) Monitoring, 3) Modeling, 4) Boundaries, 5) Seepage Measuring and Accounting, 6) Trans-Boundary Effects, 7) Accounting of Associated Project Emissions (Leakage), 8) Risk and Safety Assessment, and 9) Liability Under the CDM Scheme. The CMP, by its decision 7/CMP.6, invited Parties to submit their views to the secretariat of Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), SBSTA prepared a draft modalities and procedure by exchanging views of Parties through workshop held in Abu Dhabi, UAE (September 2011). The 7th CMP (Durban, December 2011) finally adopted the modalities and procedures for CCS as CDM project activities (CMP[2011], Decision-/CMP.7). The inclusion of CCS as CDM project activities means that CCS is officially accredited as one of $CO_2$ reducing technologies in global carbon market. Consequently, it will affect relevant technologies and industry as well as law and policy in Korea and aboard countries. This paper presents a progress made on discussion and challenges regarding the issue, and aims to suggest some considerations to policy makers in Korea in order to demonstrate and deploy the CCS project in the near future. According to the adopted modalities and procedures for CCS as CDM project activities, it is possible to implement relevant CCS projects in Non-Annex I countries, including Korea, as long as legal and regulatory frameworks are established. Though Korea enacted 'Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth', the details are too inadequate to content the requirements of modalities and procedures for CCS as CDM project. Therefore, it is required not only to amend the existing laws related with capture, transport, and storage of $CO_2$ for paving the way of an prompt deployment of CCS CDM activities in Korea as a short-term approach, but also to establish the united framework as a long-term approach.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2015

In this study, a reference model is constructed that provides architects or designers with sufficient information on the intelligent service facility that is essential for U-City space configuration, and for the support of enhanced design, as well as for planning activities. At the core of the reference model is comprehensive information about the intelligent service facility that plans the content of services, and the latest related information that is regularly updated. A plan is presented to take advantage of the database of list information systems in the Public Procurement Service that handles intelligent service facilities. We suggest a number of improvements by analyzing the current status of, and issues with, the goods information in the Public Procurement Service, and by conducting a simulation for the proper placement of CCTV. As the design of U-City plan has evolved from IT technology-based to smart space-based, reviews of limitations such as the lack of standards, information about the installation, and the placement of the intelligent service facility that provides U-service have been carried out. Due to the absence of relevant legislation and guidelines, however, planning activities, such as the appropriate placement of the intelligent service facility are difficult when considering efficient service provision. In addition, with the lack of information about IT technology and intelligent service facilities that can be provided to U-City planners and designers, there are a number of difficulties when establishing an optimal plan with respect to service level and budget. To solve these problems, this study presents a plan in conjunction with the goods information from the Public Procurement Service. The Public Procurement Service has already built an industry-related database of around 260,000 cases, which has been continually updated. It can be a very useful source of information about the intelligent service facility, the ever-changing U-City industry's core, and the relevant technologies. However, since providing this information is insufficient in the application process and, due to the constraints in the information disclosure process, there have been some issues in its application. Therefore, this study, by presenting an improvement plan for the linkage and application of the goods information in the Public Procurement Service, has significance for the provision of the basic framework for future U-City enhancement plans, and multi-departments' common utilization of the goods information in the Public Procurement Service.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.247-262
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• 2022

In domestic tunnels, it is mandatory to install CCTVs in tunnels longer than 200 m which are also recommended by installation of a CCTV-based automatic accident detection system. In general, the CCTVs in the tunnel are installed at a low height as well as near by the moving vehicles due to the spatial limitation of tunnel structure, so a severe perspective effect takes place in the distance of installed CCTV and moving vehicles. Because of this effect, conventional CCTV-based accident detection systems in tunnel are known in general to be very hard to achieve the performance in detection of unexpected accidents such as stop or reversely moving vehicles, person on the road and fires, especially far from 100 m. Therefore, in this study, the region of interest is set up and a new concept of inverse perspective transformation technique is introduced. Since moving vehicles in the transformed image is enlarged proportionally to the distance from CCTV, it is possible to achieve consistency in object detection and identification of actual speed of moving vehicles in distance. To show this aspect, two datasets in the same conditions are composed with the original and the transformed images of CCTV in tunnel, respectively. A comparison of variation of appearance speed and size of moving vehicles in distance are made. Then, the performances of the object detection in distance are compared with respect to the both trained deep-learning models. As a result, the model case with the transformed images are able to achieve consistent performance in object and accident detections in distance even by 200 m.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.2211-2221
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• 2013

During the four river restoration project, several weirs were constructed in the four rivers to prevent drought and flood, to improve water quality, and to manage water resources. However, due to the weir construction, bed changes are produced in the upstream channel of installed weirs because the incoming flow velocity is reduced and sediment transport capacity is also lowered. Especially, since the Haman Weir is located in the lowest downstream section among newly installed weirs in Nakdong River, bed change and sedimentation problems are expected due to the mild slope and reduced velocity. Therefore, numerical simulation was performed to analyze flow and bed changes in the upstream channel of Haman Weir and to evaluate quantitatively sediment control methods for bed stabilization using CCHE2D model. As a result of flow and bed change simulation after installation of Haman Weir, the flow velocity at the initial condition was faster than the final bed condition with the specific simulation time and it was represented that the locations where bed changes were great were identical for all modeling conditions of flow discharge. In case of 4.5 m of water level lowered from 5.0 m of the management water level at Haman Weir for bed stabilization, the flow velocity was generally faster than the case of the management water level and the continuous erosion was developed at the most narrow channel section as the applied discharge and simulation period were increased. The channel width extension at the most narrow channel section was proposed in this study to prevent and stabilize continuos bed erosion. As a result of numerical analysis, there was no bed erosion after channel width extension and it was presented that the channel geometry extension was effective for bed stabilization at Haman Weir.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2009

Purpose: As the number of patients has increased since the installation of a PET/CT, we are now examining about 2500-3000 annually. We have realized that if we properly adjust a pitch under the same condition of a CT during a PET/CT exam, radiation quantity that reaches the patient can change. In order to reduce the exposure dose of a patient, the research examines a method of reducing the exposure dose of a patient by controlling the pitch during a PET/CT exam, viewing whether the adjustment of the pitch influences CT image and PET SUV. Methods: The equipment used is a Biograph Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scanner (CT type: TRCT-240-130 (WCT-240-130)) of Siemens company. For the evaluation of exposure dose of a patient, we measured radiation quantities using a PTW-DIADOS 11003/1383, which is a CT radiation measurement instrument used by Siemens. We measured and analyzed the space resolutions of CT images caused by the change of pitches using an AAPM Standard Phantom in order to see how the adjustment of pitches influenced the CT images. In addition, in order to obtain SUVs caused by each change of pitches using a PET source made with a solid radioactive cylinder phantom, we confirmed whether the SUVs changed in the PET/CT images by calculating the SUVs of the fusion images caused by the change of pitches after obtaining CT and PET images and finishing the test. Results: 2slice CT scanner showed that radiation quantities largely dropped when pitches ranged from 0.7 to 1.3 and that the reduction of radiation quantities were smaller when pitches ranged from 1.5 to 1.9. That is, we found that the bigger pitch values are the smaller the radiation quantities of a patient are. Moreover, we realized that there is no change of SUVs caused by the increase of pitches and that pitch values do not influence PET SUVs and the quality of CT images. It is judged that using 1.5 as a pitch value contributes to the reduction of exposure dose of a patient as long as there is no problem in the quality of an image. Conclusions: When seeing the result of the research, hospital using a PET/CT should make an effort to reduce the exposure dose of a patient seeking pitch values appropriate for their hospital within the range in which there is no image distortion and PET SUVs are not influenced from pitches. We think that the research can apply to all multi-detectors having a CT scanner and that such a research will be needed for other equipments in the future.