• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.734-742
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• 2016

Purpose : The present study was aimed at investigating the plantar pressure on dynamic balance of subjects with functional ankle instability following fatigue of lower leg. Methods : The subjects(30 university students) were divided into 2 groups ; functional ankle instability group(7males and 7females) and ankle stable group(9males & 7females) who could evaluate questionnaire. All the participants were evaluated muscle fatigue of lower leg by Biodex system III and distribution of plantar pressure by Zebris FDM-S system, The dynamic balance was tested by single-leg jump landing. This study were to measure of plantar pressure on dynamic balance with the difference between FAIG and control group following muscle fatigue. Results : In functional ankle instability group(FAIG), the post-fatigue was significantly higher than pre-fatigue in forefoot(p2,p3,p4) of plantar pressure on dynamic balance(p<0.05). The FAIG was significantly higher than the ASG in forefoot(p2, p3, p4) & lat midfoot(p6) of plantar pressure after fatigue in dynamic balance(p<0.05). The FAIG was significantly longer than the ASG in anteroposterior(AP) & mediolateral(ML) distance on center of pressure(CoP) after fatigue in dynamic balance(p<0.05). Conclusion : This study showed that FAIG were effected plantar pressure and center of pressure(CoP) by dynamic balance following muscle fatigue. Further study is needed to measure various age & work with ankle instability for clinical application.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2009

Purpose: End-stage ankle arthritis is frequently combined with ankle-hindfoot deformity or ankle instability and therefore additional surgical procedures are often required when performing total ankle arthroplasty. We report the short term clinical and radiographic results of the total ankle arthroplasty with/without the combined adjunctive surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: The study is based on the 17 ankles (16 patients) of end-stage ankle arthritis that were treated with $HINTEGRA^{(R)}$ Total ankle prosthesis (Newdeal, Lyons, France) total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) from 2004 to 2007 with at least 12 months follow-up. The combined adjunctive procedures as well as the VAS pain score, AOFAS score, radiographic measurements and patient satisfactions were evaluated. Results: Average follow-up period was 29 months (13${\sim}$55 months), and the age was average 62 years (39${\sim}$75 years) old. Among total of 17 ankles, varus deformity and lateral ankle instability were found in 4 cases and 3 cases respectively. Twenty additional procedures such as Achilles triple hemisection (9), calcaneal displacement osteotomy (4) and lateral ankle ligament reconstruction (3) were performed in adjunct to TAA in 13 ankles. VAS pain score improved from preoperative average 8.4 (7${\sim}$10) to 2.0 (0${\sim}$5) and the AOFAS functional score improved from 41.8 points (13${\sim}$71 points) to 90.6 (77${\sim}$100 points) at final follow-up. Ninety-four percent of the patients were satisfied with the surgery. Conclusion: We confirmed that many adjunctive combined surgical procedures are often necessary in addressing the end-stage ankle arthritis (74%) with total ankle arthroplasty. We also achieved quite good clinical and radiographic short term results, although the long term follow-up study with larger number of cases are needed in the future.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the declination of the subtalar joint rotation axis and the structural features of the ankle joint complex such as rear-foot angle alignment and ligament laxity test between chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients and healthy control. Method: A total of 76 subjects and CAI group (N=38, age: $23.11{\pm}7.63yrs$, height: $165.67{\pm}9.54cm$, weight: $60.13{\pm}11.71kg$) and healthy control (N=38, age: $23.55{\pm}7.03yrs$, height: $167.92{\pm}9.22cm$, weight: $64.58{\pm}13.40kg$) participated in this study. Results: The declination of the subtalar joint rotation axis of the CAI group was statistically different from healthy control in both sagittal slope and transverse slope. The rear-foot angle of CAI group was different from a healthy control. Compared to healthy control, they had the structure of rear-foot varus that could have a high occurrence rate of ankle varus sprain. CAI group had loose ATFL and CFL compared to the healthy control. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the deviation of the subtalar joint rotation axis and the structural features of the ankle joint complex were different between the CAI group and the healthy control and this difference is a meaningful factor in the occurrence of lateral ankle sprains.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2021

Surgical treatments for chronic lateral ankle instability include anatomic repair, anatomic reconstruction using an auto or allograft, non-anatomic reconstruction, and arthroscopic repair. Open anatomic repair using the native ligament with or without reinforcement of the inferior extensor retinaculum is commonly performed in patients with sufficient ligament quality. Non-anatomical reconstruction using the adjacent peroneus brevis tendon is typically used only in patients with poor-quality ligament remnants or when previous repair failed. Anatomical reconstruction can be considered in patients in whom anatomical repair is expected to fail and when performed using auto or allografts can provide good to excellent short-term results, although the long-term outcomes of these methods remain unclear. Arthroscopic repair can provide good to excellent short-term clinical outcomes, but evidence supporting this technique is limited. The advantages and disadvantages of various surgical methods should be compared, and appropriate treatment should be implemented based on patient characteristics.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1971-1975
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• 2003

This paper describes a technique, which analyzes the functional instability of the ankle using three-dimensional scanner. The technique is based on the structured light pattern projection method, which is performed by using one digital still camera and one LCD projector. This system can be easily realized with the low cost. The measuring result has high accuracy. The measuring error is about 0.2 mm or less. Using this technique the three-dimensional posture of the leg and foot of the target person are measured and analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.164-167
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the significance of arthroscopic examination in patients with chronic ankle pain. Eighty eight arthroscopic procedures were conducted due to symptoms of chronic ankle pain. The pathology of the 88 ankles could be categorized into four groups ; 22 anterior impingement syndrome, 20 anterolateal impingement syndrome, 22 instability and 20 osteochondral lesion, 59 of patients(67.0%) had trauma history and 14(15.9%) of patients had injured chronic repetitive microtrauma. During the arthroscopic procedure, we found unexpected chondral lesions of high incidence(39.1%). These lesions were not detected both by the physical examination and radiologic examinantion. These pathologies were treated during the course of arthroscopic procedure. We concluded that ankle arthroscopy may be a very useful and therapeutic tool in the patients who have not reponded to the conservative treatment. And due to high incidence of intra-articular pathology in patients with chronic ankle pain, arthroscopic examination should be performed prior to final decision.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Kinesio taping and massage application to the calf muscles on ankle stability. METHODS: The study subjects were 66 healthy adults (male: 32, female: 34) who had no instability in their ankles. Subjects were randomly assigned to a Kinesio taping group or a massage group. The research tool used the Y-balance test to measure instability of the ankle. The distance between the right and left foot was measured from the center in the anterior, posterior-medial, and posterior-lateral directions. Massage was applied to the calf muscles three times over two weeks and Kinesio tape was attached to the calf muscle and tibialis anterior for 10 hours twice during the experimental period. RESULTS: The results showed that application of Kinesio taping resulted in increases in the distance between the feet increased in some directions. After the massage, the distance extended from the anterior and posterior-lateral directions was prolonged, and the ankle stability on the right and left sides was partially improved by massage application. CONCLUSION: Kinesio taping and massage applied to the calf muscles are appropriate interventions for the improvement of ankle stability. Based on the application times of massage, Kinesio taping appears to work more effectively for ankle stability.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2017

Background: To evaluate the effect of Kinesio taping applied on the ankle instability, joint range of motion and balance. Methods: The participants included in this study were male and female, 20~30 ages, who experiencing an ankle sprain or had chronic pain, did not exercise during the intervention, and did not experience severe exercise at least 3 weeks before. A total of twenty-four participants were divided into two groups: Kinesio taping applied group (n=12) and control group (n=12). The experiment was conducted for a three days. Measurements were taken for ankle joint range of motion using goniometer, and measurements were taken for balance using good balance system. Pre-test measurements were conducted on before Kinesio taping apply, and 24 hours after, 48 hours after, 72 hours after measurements were conducted. Statistical analysis was done using a independent samples t-test and repeated measure ANOVA. Results: There were significant differences to the duration of intervention in ankle joint range of motion and balance within the both group. However, there was a significant differences Kinesio taping group when comparing the groups. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, applying Kinesio taping to ankle instability is more effective on ankle joint range of motion and to recover balance.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2016

Background: Instability due to ankle sprains will be accompanied by a problem of balance and pain change. Balance trainer is used to improve the ankle strength and balance ability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of pain and postural balance ability in ankle joint after balance trainer application in patients with ankle sprain and instability. Methods: Twenty patients in K hospital in Incheon were enrolled. Balance trainer was applied to 10 subjects in the experimental group and 10 subjects in the Balance cushion under the same conditions as the experimental group to compare the pain and balance ability. Results: In the experimental group, there was a significant difference in the change of the pain variation. In the postural balance ability comparison, there was a significant difference in total and post - posterior comparison compared to the control, but there was no significant difference in the postural balance ability comparison. Conclusion: Pain and postural balance ability of patients with instability due to ankle sprain improved the pain and balance ability of the Balance trainer group compared to the Balance cushion training group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.27-37
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate muscle activity and foot pressure during gait, and isokinetic strength and balance in persons with functional ankle instability (FAI). METHODS: Nine healthy subjects (CON, n=9) without FAI and 11 patients (FAI, n=11) with FAI participated in the study after having been screened with an ankle instability instrument and a balance error scoring system. In addition, FAI was classified as non-involved (FAI-N) or involved (FAI-I), and CON was classified as dominant or non-dominant. All subjects were evaluated for isokinetic strength (plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion and eversion of $30^{\circ}/sec$ and $60^{\circ}/sec$), balance (static and dynamic), muscle activity (tibialis anterior, peroneus longus and gastrocnemius) and foot pressure (static and dynamic) during gait. RESULTS: Results showed that plantar flexion (p<.05), dorsiflexion (p<.05), inversion (p<.01) and eversion (p<.00) of $60^{\circ}/sec$ were significantly decreased in FAI-I compared to those in FAI-N and CON. C 90 of static balance with eyes open (p<.01) and closed (p<.00) were significantly increased in FAI compared to those in CON. Forward position of dynamic balance (p<.01) was significantly decreased in FAI compared to that in CON. Gastrocnemius and peroneus longus of dynamic muscle activity (p<.01), left and right weight distribution of static foot pressure (p<.00) and pressure distribution of dynamic foot pressure (p<.00) were significantly decreased in FAI-I compared to those in FAI-N. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that ankle strength, balance, muscle activity and foot pressure were significantly correlated with FAI.