• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.318-321
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• 2009

Purpose: The bony mallet finger injury is generally managed by conservative treatments, but operative treatments are needed especially when the fractures involve above 30% of articular surface or distal phalanx is accompanied by subluxation in the volar side. This is the reason they often result in chronic instability, articular subluxation and unsatisfactory cosmetic. In this report, We describe new method using the hook plate as an operative treatment of Mallet finger deformity. Methods: Among 13 patients with Mallet finger deformity who came from February 2006 to February 2008, six patient were included in surgical indication. Under local anesthesia, H or Y type incision was made at the DIP joint area. After the DIP joint extension, the hook plate was put on the fracture line, and one self tapping screw was used for fixation. 2 hole plate which was one of the holes in 1.5 mm diameter was cut in almost half and bended through approximately $100^{\circ}$. Results: In all six cases which applied the hook plate, complications such as loss of reduction or nail deformity were not seen. In only one patient, hook pate was removed due to inflammatory reaction after surgery. At 2 weeks after operation, active motion of DIP joint was performed. The result was satisfactory not only cosmetically but also functionally. At 6 weeks after operation, the range of motion of DIP joint was average $64^{\circ}$. Conclusion: The purpose of the operative treatment for mallet finger deformity using the hook plate is to provide anatomical reduction with rigid fixation and to prevent contracture at the DIP joint. While other operations take 6 weeks, the operation using the hook plate begins an active motion at 2 weeks after operation. Complication rate was low and the method is rather simple. Thus, the operation using the hook plate is recommended as a good alternative method of the mallet finger deformity treatment.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate normalized jerk according to shoes, slope, and velocity during walking. Eleven different test subjects used three different types of shoes (running shoes, mountain climbing boots, and elevated forefoot walking shoes) at various walking speeds(1.19, 1.25, 1.33, 1.56, 1.78, 1.9, 2, 2.11, 2.33m/sec) and gradients(0, 3, 6, 10 degrees) on a treadmill. Since there were concerns about using the elevated forefoot shoes on an incline, these shoes were not used on a gradient. Motion Analysis (Motion Analysis Corp. Santa Rosa, CA USA) was conducted with four Falcon high speed digital motion capture cameras. Utilizing the maximum smoothness theory, it was hypothesized that there would be differences in jerk according to shoe type, velocity, and slope. Furthermore, it was assumed that running shoes would have the lowest values for normalized jerk because subjects were most accustomed to wearing these shoes. The results demonstrated that elevated forefoot walking shoes had lowest value for normalized jerk at heel. In contrast, elevated forefoot walking shoes had greater normalized jerk at the center of mass at most walking speeds. For most gradients and walking speeds, hiking boots had smaller medio-lateral directional normalized jerk at ankle than running shoes. These results alluded to an inverse ratio for jerk at the heel and at the COM for all types of shoes. Furthermore, as velocity increased, medio-lateral jerk was reduced for all gradients in both hiking boots and running shoes. Due to the fragility of the ankle joint, elevated forefoot walking shoes could be recommended for walking on flat surfaces because they minimize instability at the heel. Although the elevated forefoot walking shoes have the highest levels of jerk at the COM, the structure of the pelvis and spine allows for greater compensatory movement than the ankle. This movement at the COM might even have a beneficial effect of activating the muscles in the back and abdomen more than other shoes. On inclines hiking boots would be recommended over running shoes because hiking boots demonstrated more medio-lateral stability on a gradient than running shoes. These results also demonstrate the usefulness of normalized jerk theory in analyzing the relationship between the body and shoes, walking velocity, and movement up a slope.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2010

목적: 재발성 견관절 불안정성에 대한 관절경 하 후방 관절낭 유합술과 극하근 건 고정술로 이루어진 'Remplissage' 술기를 이용한 Hill-Sachs 병변 복원술을 시행 후 최소 6개월 이상 추시가가능하였던 환자들의 견관절의 안정성 및 임상적, 기능적 결과를 평가하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: 2008년 8월부터 2009년 8월까지 본원에서 시술된 'Remplissage' 술기를 시행하였던 7예를 대상으로 하였다. 평균 연령은 28.6세였으며 전 례에서 남성이었고, 평균 추시 기간은 10개월이었다. 평가는 견관절의 운동 범위, ASES 점수, KSSI 점수, ROWE 점수, 그리고 술 후 자기공명영상 촬영을 포함하였다. 결과: 술 후 평균 10개월에 견관절 기능적 평가에서 ASES 점수는 술 전 평균 51.4점에서 술 후 평균 76.8점으로, KSSI 점수는 술 전 평균 46.5점에서 술 후 평균 76점으로, ROWE 점수는 술 전 평균 43.5점에서 술 후 평균 76.3점으로 각각 향상되었고, 모든 환자에서 견관절 운동범위는 전방 거상 170도 이상이었으며, 외회전은 45도 이상으로 나타났다. 결론: 광범위한 Hill-Sachs 병변이 동반된 재발성 견관절 불안정성에 대한 'Remplissage' 술기를 시행 후 6개월 이상 추시 결과 견관절의 안정성 및 임상적, 기능적으로 양호한 결과를 보여주었다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.612-619
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• 2002

The dynamic behavior of Al-Mg alloys plasma was very unstable and this instability was closely related to the unstable motion of keyhole during laser irradiation. The keyhole fluctuated both in size and shape and its fluctuation period was about 440 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. This instability has been estimated to be caused by the evaporation phenomena of metals with different boiling point and latent heats of vaporization. Therefore, the authors have conducted the spectroscopic diagnostics of plasma induced in the pulsed YAG laser welding of Al-Mg alloys in air and argon atmospheres. In the air environment, the identified spectra were atomic lines of Al, Mg, Cr, Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn, and singly ionized Mg line, as well as strong molecular spectrum of AlO, MgO and AIH. It was confirmed that the resonant lines of Al and Mg were strongly self-absorbed, in particular in the vicinity of pool surface. The self-absorption of atomic Mg line was more eminent in alloys containing higher Mg. These facts showed that the laser-induced plasma was relatively a low temperature and high density metallic vapor. The intensities of molecular spectra of AlO and MgO were different each other depending on the power density of laser beam. Under the low power density irradiation condition, the MgO band spectra were predominant in intensity, while the AlO spectra became much stronger in higher power density. In argon atmosphere the band spectra of MgO and AlO completely vanished, but AlH molecular spectra was detected clearly. The hydrogen source was presumably the hydrogen solved in the base Metal, absorbed water on the surface oxide layer or H$_2$ and $H_2O$ in the shielding gas. The temporal change in spectral line intensities was quite similar to the fluctuation of keyhole. The time average plasma temperature at 1 mm high above the surface of A5083 alloy was determined by the Boltzmann plot method of atomic Cr lines of different excitation energy. The obtained electron temperature was 3, 280$\pm$150 K which was about 500 K higher than the boiling point of pure aluminum. The electron number density was determined by measuring the relative intensities of the spectra1lines of atomic and singly ionized Magnesium, and the obtained value was 1.85 x 1019 1/㎥.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.680-688
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• 2018

Objective : To mitigate the risk of iatrogenic instability, new posterior decompression techniques able to preserve musculoskeletal structures have been introduced but never extensively investigated from a biomechanical point of view. This study was aimed to investigate the impact on spinal flexibility caused by a unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression, in comparison to the intact condition and a laminectomy with preservation of a bony bridge at the vertebral arch. Secondary aims were to investigate the biomechanical effects of two-level decompression and the quantification of the restoration of stability after posterior fixation. Methods : A universal spine tester was used to measure the flexibility of six L2-L5 human spine specimens in intact conditions and after decompression and fixation surgeries. An incremental damage protocol was applied : 1) unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression at L3-L4; 2) on three specimens, the unilateral laminotomy was extended to L4-L5; 3) laminectomy with preservation of a bony bridge at the vertebral arch (at L3-L4 in the first three specimens and at L4-L5 in the rest); and 4) pedicle screw fixation at the involved levels. Results : Unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression had a minor influence on the lumbar flexibility. In flexion-extension, the median range of motion increased by 8%. The bone-preserving laminectomy did not cause major changes in spinal flexibility. Two-level decompression approximately induced a twofold destabilization compared to the single-level treatment, with greater effect on the lower level. Posterior fixation reduced the flexibility to values lower than in the intact conditions in all cases. Conclusion : In vitro testing of human lumbar specimens revealed that unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression and bone-preserving laminectomy induced a minor destabilization at the operated level. In absence of other pathological factors (e.g., clinical instability, spondylolisthesis), both techniques appear to be safe from a biomechanical point of view.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate effects of Fibular Repositioning Taping (FRT) on lower extremity joint stiffness and angle during drop-landing. Method: Twenty-eight participants (14 healthy, 14 with chronic ankle instability [CAI]) performed drop-landings from a 60 cm box; three were performed prior to tape application and three were performed post-FRT. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected using an infrared optical camera system (Vicon Motion Systems Ltd. Oxford, UK) and force-plate (AMTI, Watertown, MA). Joint stiffness and sagittal angle of the ankle, knee, and hip were analyzed. Results: The hip [Healthy: p<.05; M ± SD: 29.43 ± 11.27 (pre), 33.04 ± 12.03 (post); CAI: p<.05; M ± SD: 31.45 ± 9.70 (pre), 32.29 ± 9.85 (post)] and knee [Healthy: p<.05; M ± SD: 53.44 ± 8.09 (pre), 55.13 ± 8.36 (post); CAI: p<.05; M ± SD: 53.12 ± 8.35 (pre), 55.55 ± 9.81 (post)] joints demonstrated significant increases in sagittal angle after FRT. A significant decrease in joint angle was found at the ankle [Healthy: p<.05; M ± SD: 56.10 ± 3.71 (pre), 54.09 ± 4.31 (post); CAI: p<.05; M ± SD: 52.80 ± 6.04 (pre), 49.86 ± 10.08 (post)]. A significant decrease in hip [Healthy: p<.05; M ± SD: 1549.16 ± 517.53 (pre), 1272.48 ± 646.73 (post); CAI: p<.05; M ± SD: 1300.42 ± 595.55 (pre), 1158.27 ± 550.58 (post)] and knee [Healthy: p<.05; M ± SD: 270.12 ± 54.07 (pre), 239.13 ± 64.70 (post); CAI: p<.05; M ± SD: 241.58 ± 93.48 (pre), 214.63 ± 101.00 (post)] joint stiffness was found post-FRT application, while no difference was found at the ankle [Healthy: p>.05; M ± SD: 57.29 ± 17.04 (pre), 59.37 ± 18.30 (post); CAI: p>.05; M ± SD: 69.15 ± 17.63 (pre), 77.24 ± 35.05 (post)]. Conclusion FRT application decreased joint angle at the ankle without altering ankle joint stiffness. In contrast, decreased joint stiffness and increased joint angle was found at the hip and knee following FRT. Thus, participants utilize an altered shock absorption mechanism during drop-landings following FRT. When compared to previous research, the joint kinematics and stiffness of the lower extremity appear to be different following FRT versus traditional ankle taping.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.405-416
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• 2019

본 연구는 국내 쇼트트랙 선수에서 다빈도로 발생하는 스포츠 손상에 대해 무릎과 발목관절 및 허리의 근력강화 운동과 신경근 훈련을 기반으로 한 스포츠 손상 예방프로그램 적용이 비접촉성 스포츠 손상의 발생률과 그 특징들에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. G시청에 소속된 25명의 쇼트트랙 선수를 대상으로 2017년 11월부터 2018년 7월까지 스포츠 손상에 대한 정보 수집과 함께 스포츠 손상 예방프로그램을 매 훈련 및 시합 전 준비운동 단계에서 적용하였고, OSTRC 과사용 손상 설문지(overuse injury questionnaire)와 Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool(CAIT)를 사용하여 스포츠 손상의 증상 수준을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 스포츠 손상 예방프로그램 적용 후의 손상 발생률은 훈련 및 시합 1,000시간 노출(1,000HEs)당 2.79건으로 적용 전(3.04건/1,000HEs)보다 감소하였고, 허리와 무릎관절의 증상 수준인 OSTRC 점수는 프로그램 적용 후(각각 30.89±28.34점과 23.84±23.61점)가 적용 전(각각 58.47±26.77점과 52.36±21.55점)보다 낮게 나타나 증상이 완화된 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 발목관절의 증상 수준인 CAIT점수가 프로그램 적용 후(16.26±7.28점)가 적용 전(13.47±6.07점)보다 높게 나타나 증상이 완화되었음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 쇼트트랙 선수들의 움직임과 특성에 적합하게 맞춤 설계된 스포츠 손상 예방프로그램이 쇼트트랙 선수들의 비접촉성 손상 발생에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2002

목적 : 관절경적Bankart 봉합술후조기운동과일반적인고정법의임상결과를전향적방법으로비교하고자하였다. 대상및방법 : 외상성재발성전방불안정성이있는62명의환자를대상으로봉합나사를이용하여관절경적 Bankart 봉합술을시행후, 2개의무작위그룹으로분류하였다. 그룹1(28명, 평균나이28세)은3주동안고정한뒤고식적인재활운동을시작하였고그룹2(34명, 평균나이29세)는단계적인관절운동및근력강화운동으로구성된적극적재활운동을수술다음날부터시작하였다. 환자선택의기준은재발성불안정성이있으며전형적인Bankart 병변을가진비운동선수를대상으로하였으며평균31개월동안추시관찰하였다. 결과는통증점수, 관절운동범위, 일상생활로의회복, 재발율, 각재활프로그램에대한환자의만족도그리고shoulder score (ASES, UCLA and Rowe)를분석하였다. 결과 : 두그룹간재발율의차이는없었으며, 어느그룹에서도재발성탈구는나타나지않았다. 각각의그룹에서2명의환자에서전방불안유발검사에서양성소견을나타냈다. 적극적재활치료를한환자는기능적관절운동이더빨랐으며활동의기능적인면에서도더빨리회복되었다. 적극적재활치료를한경우에는술후통증은감소하였고, 재활프로그램에만족하고있으나shoulder scores, 일상생활로의복귀, 통증점수그리고관절운동범위는최종추시시, 두그룹간차이는없었다.결론 : 조기재활은관절경적Bankart 봉합술후선택적환자군에서재발율은증가하지않았다. 두그룹간최종결과는동일하였지만적극적재활운동은기능적회복을촉진하고술후통증을감소시켜일상생활로의빠른복귀가가능하였다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2009

강에서 유출된 담수가 연안지역에 영향을 미치는 영역을 결정하는 요인 중 하나인 담수풍선의 특성을 비정규격자계를 사용하는 유한체적모델(FVCOM)을 이용하여 연구하였다. 강에서 바다로 유출된 담수는 하류 쪽(강에서 바다를 보면서 오른쪽)으로 이동하는 연안경계류와 강 하구에서 반시계방향으로 회전하며 시간이 지남에 따라 커지는 와류형태의 담수풍선(bulge)을 만든다. 이 담수풍선의 중심에서 수직운동이 유도되어 담수가 해저면 까지 이동한다. 조석을 고려하면 담수풍선이 사라지고, 연안경계류의 폭이 넓어진다. 간단한 염분비교방법을 이용하여 조석에 의한 성층 및 혼합의 변화를 비교하여 조석이 연직혼합을 강화시킴을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 담수가 방출되기 시작한 초기에는 조석에 의한 왕복운동에 의해 조석이 고려된 경우에 수평혼합이 더 크게 나타나나, 일정시간이 지나면 수직혼합에 의해 하구역의 염분이 낮아져 있어, 강 하구에서 담수의 왕복운동이 전체적인 수평 확산계수에 미치는 영향이 작아진다. 조석이 없는 경우 연직혼합 없이 주로 표층에서만 관성불안정에 의해 수평 확산/혼합이 이루어져 수평 확산계수가 시간이 지남에 따라 계속 증가한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1314-1319
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• 2001

Objects : Because of the nonspecific nature of symptoms in tuberculous spondylitis, a delay in the diagnosis can result in progressive neurologic deficits. The authors evaluate the clinical and the radiological results of the 10 cases of surgically treated tuberculous spondylitis. Clinical materials & Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 10 patients with tuberculous spondylitis who were treated between February 1996 and March 2000. Six patients were female, and four were male. Mean age was 43 years old, and mean follow-up period was 20.5 months. All patients were treated with 12 months of antituberculous medication postoperatively, and were followed by complete blood count, ESR, spine X-ray and MRI. Results : The lumbar spine was involved in 5 patients, the thoracic in 4, and the thoracolumbar in one. The infected vertebral bodies were 2.8 in average. The associated lesions were pulmonary tuberculosis in 3 cases, and renal tuberculosis in one. Five patients were treated by anterior debridement and fusion with bone graft using anterior instrumentation, 2 with anterior debridement and fusion with bone graft(Hong Kong procedure only), 1 with Hong Kong procedure with posterior spinal instrumentation, and 2 were managed with posterior debridement and posterior spinal instrumentation. All patients improved after operation, and the average kyphotic angle decreased postoperatively. Postoperatively, one patient had a fistula at the operative site. Conclusion : The debridement and minimal level fusion of motion segment with instrument fixation is one of surgical option for tuberculous spondyltis to preserve the spine motion segment as much as possible. Spine instability and kyphosis were prevented by anterior and posterior spinal instrumentation. But, large number of cases and longer period follow-up study in future will be needed to confirm the long term results.