• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.7 no.1 s.18
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• pp.33-40
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• 2003

In this work, a novel approach was introduced to assess cost of loss resulting from risk as well as to help deciding inspection period through quantifying risk. In order to quantifying risk of city gas pipeline, frequency and consequence analysis were required. The main causes of city gas accident were analyzed to be digging, external corrosion, ground movement, and equipment failure. Tools to evaluate frequency of each cause was also suggested. Among city gas accidents, fire damage is the dominant one and mainly discussed; fatality, burning injury, and damage to building were estimated using the consequence model suggested. By combining frequency and consequence analysis, evaluating cost of risk management together with calculating example. This work could be applicable for city gas companies to plan how to manage risk most effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.44-50
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• 2013

Process gas piping is one of the most basic components frequently used in the refinery and petrochemical plants. Many kinds of by-product gas have been used as fuel in the process plants. In some plants, natural gas is additionally introduced and mixed with the byproduct gas for upgrading the fuel. In this case, safety or design margin of the changed piping system of the plant should be re-evaluated based on a proper design code such as ASME or API codes since internal pressure, temperature and gas compositions are different from the original plant design conditions. In this study, series of piping stress analysis were conducted for a process piping used for transporting the mixed gas of the by-product gas and the natural gas from a mixing drum to a knock-out drum in a refinery plant. The analysed piping section had been actually installed in a domestic industry and needed safety audit since the design condition was changed. Pipe locations of the maximum system stress and displacement were determined, which can be candidate inspection and safety monitoring points during the upcoming operation period. For studying the effects of outside air temperature to safety the additional stress analysis were conducted for various temperatures in $0{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. Effects of the friction coefficient between the pipe and support were also investigated showing a proper choice if the friction coefficient is important. The maximum system stresses were occurred mainly at elbow, tee and support locations, which shows the thermal load contributes considerably to the system stress rather than the internal pressure or the gravity loads.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2013

Background: Medical doctors who perform C-arm fluoroscopy-guided procedures are exposed to X-ray radiation. Therefore, radiation-protective shields are recommended to protect these doctors from radiation. For the past several years, these protective shields have sometimes been used without regular inspection. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of damage to radiation-protective shields in the operating room. Methods: This study investigated 98 radiation-protective shields in the operation rooms of Konkuk University Medical Center and Jeju National University Hospital. We examined whether these shields were damaged or not with the unaided eye and by fluoroscopy. Results: There were seventy-one aprons and twenty-seven thyroid protectors in the two university hospitals. Fourteen aprons (19.7%) were damaged, whereas no thyroid protectors (0%) were. Of the twenty-six aprons, which have been used since 2005, eleven (42.3%) were damaged. Of the ten aprons, which have been used since 2008, none (0%) was damaged. Of the twenty-three aprons that have been used since 2009, two (8.7%) of them were damaged. Of the eight aprons used since 2010, one (12.3%) was damaged. Of the four aprons used since 2011, none (0%) of them were damaged. The most common site of damage to the radiation-protective shields was at the waist of the aprons (51%). Conclusions: As a result, aprons that have been used for a long period of time can have a higher risk of damage. Radiation-protective shields should be inspected regularly and exchanged for new products for the safety of medical workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.14-20
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• 2008

A large number of accidents have been occurred in the domestic shipbuilding industry. Its number of accidents is approximately twice than that of manufacturing industry and three times larger than that of whole industry in general. There are several reasons that make it hard to control the accidents. First, it is because the shipbuilding industry is composed of many subcontractors who may need improvement in safety education and safety management. Second, the shipyard environments are exposed to lots of hazards such as high elevation works, isolated workspaces, heavyweight and huge structures/components. Last, the shipbuilding industry has grown too rapidly in a short period. For that reason, the safety management standards and safety consciousness could not catch up the speed of its development. In this study, it is suggested to use a more efficient and easier way to conduct safety management using a web-based safety management system for the shipbuilding industry. This system is composed of four main parts, which is available for self-auditing with legal support. Those are checklists based safety and health evaluation, safety inspection, user shared accident database and user shared bulletin board. It is expected that this system can help us to reduce risks in the shipbuilding industry considerably.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.554-562
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• 2004

It was recommended for all ship engaged in international voyages to carry the Satellite Emergency position Indicating Radio Beacon according to Global Maritime Distress ＆ Safety System but also it is tending to be diffused to require the satellite EPIRB installed in small vessel such as a fishery boat by domestic regulations of each countries. Otherwise the domestic regulation can't evaluate exactly the compatibility with the satellite system and the performance of the equipment itself required by international regulation. And even if it is required the performing of the performance inspection in accordance with international regulation, it is difficult to grasp the characteristics of equipment by a generalized measuring equipment. Hence this study performed the measurement for the matters related with an wave forms, modulation characteristics, frequency and the power, etc through the design and implementation of the test bench capable of ensuring most of test items regulated by international regulation. Through this study, it has been paved the way being capable of preparation of the standard regarding to transmission repetition period, phase variation and frequency stability related with the system compatibility and in conclusion, it is enable to improve the performance of a main distress communication equipment directly connected with the life of a survivor.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.331-340
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• 2004

Deployment of an advanced on-line monitoring of the component integrity offers a prospect of improved performance, enhanced safety, and reduced overall cost for nuclear power plants. Ultrasonic guided waves have been known as one of the promising techniques that could be utilized for on-line monitoring. The present work is aimed at developing a new method for on-line monitoring of the pipes during the operation period of nuclear power plants. For this purpose, the steam generator (S/G) tube was selected as an object of tile experiment. Dispersion corves and the incident angles corresponding to the specific modes were calculated for the S/G tube. The modes of guided waves were identified by the time-frequency diagrams obtained by the short time Fourier transform. It was experimentally confirmed that there was no mode conversion when the ultrasonic guided waves passed over the curved region of the S/G tube. An optimum mode of guided wave for the S/G tube was suggested and verified by the experiment.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.697-704
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate conveyance environment during shipping export to Japan and the optimum pre-treatment of cut Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Baekma'. Shipping from Korea to Japan, which usually takes three to five days, requires keeping the flower at the ideal temperature. When inspection took place in Japan, the ideal temperature was lost and deterioration began. Once the ideal temperature is lost, deterioration takes place. The results of this work showed that vase life was extended by treatment Chrysal RVB and NaOCl compared to the control (distilled water), and Chrysal RVB was used to maintain the flower from bud to full bloom. Bacterial growth was not observed after pretreatment with NaOCl or $ClO_2$. However, $ClO_2$ pre-treatment was observed to affect the early growth period of the bacteria. The chlorophyll content was the highest after Chrysal RVB or NaOCl pretreatment compared to the other treatments. Therefore, these results support pretreatment with NaOCl and Chrysal RVB of Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Baekma' for export to Japan.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2019

Recently, there is an increase in fire incidents in building structures. Due to this, the importance of fire-damaged buildings' safety diagnosis and evaluation after fire is growing. However, the existing fire-damaged safety diagnosis and evaluation methods are personnel-oriented, so the diagnostic results are intervened by investigators' subjectivity and unquantified. Thus, improper repair and reinforcement can result in secondary damage accidents and economic losses. In order to overcome these limitations, this study proposes using 3D laser scanning technology. The case analysis of fire-damaged building structures was conducted to verify the effectiveness of accuracy and manpowering by comparing the existing method and the proposed method. The proposed method using 3D laser scanning technology to obtain point cloud data of fire-damaged field. The point cloud data and BIM model is combined to inspect the fire-damaged area and depth. From inspection, quantified repair and reinforcement quantity take-off can be acquired. Also, the proposed method saves half of the manpowering within same time period compared to the existing method. Therefore, it seems that using 3D laser scanning technology in fire-damaged safety diagnosis and evaluation will improve in accuracy and saving time and manpowering.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2021

Fatal accidents in the construction industry account for a higher proportion than other industries, and in particular, the collapse accident of formwork is likely to lead to a serious accident like death. This study aim to derive the importance ranking of formwork collapse factors using AHP technique for preventing fatal accident. The AHP survey was conducted on field construction engineers, construction project managers, safety managers, and formwork specialist foreman with 10 years on site experience. The results of AHP analysis is that the most importance factor of formwork collapse accident is 'non-compliance with the formwork shoring assembly drawing'. Next it is important in the order of 'poor installation of formwork shoring and accessories', 'formwork shoring is not installed vertically', 'non-compliance with the concrete curing period of the formwork shoring', 'safety supervisor not designated and negligent'. It is necessary to preferentially and intensively manage the high importance factors presented as a result of this research for reducing formwork collapse accident. In addition, it will contribute to reducing construction safety accidents if the factors of the formwork collapse accident suggested in this research are included in the formwork inspection check list and checked step by step in formwork construction.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2019

While research findings suggest that the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is the leading cause of economic loss in Korean poultry industry with an estimated cumulative impact of $909 million since 2003, identifying the environmental and anthropogenic risk factors involved remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to identify areas at high risk for potential HPAI outbreaks according to the likelihood of HPAI virus detection in wild birds. This study integrates spatial information regarding HPAI surveillance with relevant demographic and environmental factors collected between 2003 and 2018. The Maximum Entropy (Maxent) species distribution modeling with presence-only data was used to model the spatial risk of HPAI virus. We used historical data on HPAI occurrence in wild birds during the period 2003-2018, collected by the National Quarantine Inspection Agency of Korea. The database contains a total of 1,065 HPAI cases (farms) tied to 168 unique locations for wild birds. Among the environmental variables, the most effective predictors of the potential distribution of HPAI in wild birds were (in order of importance) altitude, number of HPAI outbreaks at farm-level, daily amount of manure processed and number of wild birds migrated into Korea. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the 10 Maxent replicate runs of the model with twelve variables was 0.855 with a standard deviation of 0.012 which indicates that the model performance was excellent. Results revealed that geographic area at risk of HPAI is heterogeneously distributed throughout the country with higher likelihood in the west and coastal areas. The results may help biosecurity authority to design risk-based surveillance and implementation of control interventions optimized for the areas at highest risk of HPAI outbreak potentials.