• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1364-1367
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• 2003

These days, spinal interbody arthrodesis using fusion cage is very popular. The cage used for the spinal interbody arthrodesis is mainly inserted from the posterior of the spine. Accordingly, there could possibly occur damages at posterior and results in instability of structure. Moreover, one or two cages are inserted depending on the patients. In this study, it is attempted to evaluate the stability quantitatively by comparing two cases where one and two cages are inserted. For this purpose, a very fine 3-dimensional finite element model of vertebra is generated from the MRI data. From this vertebra model, two models are made: one with one cage and the other with two cages. Finally, finite element analys is performed for these two models and both of the mechanical behaviors are examined In addition, the effect on the stability is evaluated and compared quantitatively.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.894-900
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• 2000

The experimental study for performance improvement of aluminum/freon22 grooved heat pipe was carried out. Arterial wick was used for performance improvement of heat pipe. The experimental result was compared with screen covered grooved wick heat pipe. And also, performance test of grooved wick thermosyphon inserted straight wire in the center of grooved pipe was carried out. This result was compared with the performance test result of grooved wick thermosyphon. The operation limit of artery inserted grooved heat pipe was slightly extended, but thermal resistance of this heat pipe was twice as large as that of screen covered grooved heat pipe. In case of thermosyphon, the operation limit of grooved thermosyphon inserted straight wire in the center of grooved pipe was slightly extended, but thermal resistance was increased, comparing with that of the grooved thermosyphon.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a method for calculation of the length of watermarks to be inserted in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain for the specified peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of still image. Using the energy relationship of the DCT we derive the equation that directly computes the length of watermarks to be inserted in the DCT domain. Experimental results with several test images show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2013

A 0.18-${\mu}m$ 3.3 V grounded-gate NMOS (GGNMOS) I/O cell array for timing controller (TCON) application is proposed for improving electrical overstress (EOS) robustness. The improved cell array consists of 20 GGNMOS, 4 inserted well taps, 2 end-well taps and shallow trench isolation (STI). Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation results show that the inserted well taps and extended drain contact gate spacing (DCGS) is effective in preventing EOS failure, e.g. local burnout. Thermodynamic models for device simulation enable us to obtain lattice temperature distributions inside the cells. The peak value of the maximum lattice temperature in the improved GGNMOS cell array is lower than that in a conventional GGNMOS cell array. The inserted well taps also improve the uniformity of turn-on of GGNMOS cells. EOS test results show the validity of the simulation results on improvement of EOS robustness of the new GGNMOS I/O cell array.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.16-19
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• 2015

In this paper, The experimental study on the crack during press forming of the door latch assembly for a vehicle door is performed. Length to be inserted into the conventional mold upper die punch is 20 mm, wherein the cracks are generated on the product surface and causes a secondary quality problem. In this study, the length to be inserted in the mold upper die punch 0 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, which was changed to perform the experiment. Through the experiment, the length inserted into the mold can be seen that the upper die punch of the press forming conditions optimized when the 0 mm.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.27-29
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• 2001

In this paper, we study in magnetizing the NdFeB magnet which is inserted in a squirrel cage rotor. The inserted NdFeB magnet need much more magnetizing flux than that of ferrite magnet. Also the eddy current flowing in rotor bar disturbs the magnetizer in magnetizing the NdFeB magnet. The existing magnetizing yoke is designed by increasing the coil turn. But we recognize that only by increasing the coil turn it is impossible to make NdFeB magnet magnetized fully. Hence, in this paper we propose the method of increasing magnetizing flux by reducing the rotor bar area.

• Korean Linguistics
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• v.65
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• pp.295-320
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• 2014

The idiom is listed in the lexicon, because it's meaning cannot be inferred from it's constituents. And the idiom is a single semantic unit. Thus the idiom is inserted to the syntax in the quality of a word. But the idiom is not always inserted to the syntax as a word. In the process generating the sentence, we can recognize the categorial property of the idiom that it is formally equal to the syntactic phrase. Then each of the constituents of the idiom can be inserted to the syntax. This is why the syntactic operation(as modification, topicalization, relativization, etc) can be applied to the constituent of the idiom. In this respect the idiom is a flexible construction as the listeme of a lexicon. The flexible property of the idiom is related to the dynamicity of a lexicon. The formal or semantic transformation of the idiom is the good example to show the dynamicity of a lexicon.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.455-464
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the influence of Steroid topical irrigation and implant surface on bone healing in the irradiated rabbit tibia. Implant to bone contact surface ratio and the pattern of bone healing around hydroxyapatite(HA) coated implant and pure titanium (Ti) implant which were inserted into the irradiated rabbit tibia were compared. 16 Korean house mature male rabbits were used as experimental animal. Each rabbit received 15 Gy of irradiation. 4 weeks after the irradiation, two holes were prepared in the irradiated tibia of each rabbits, where two surface type of implants were inserted :1) HA coated type and 2) pure Ti type. Right before placing implants, one group of rabbit received steroid irrigation and the other group did saline. After the irrigation, two implants of HA coated type and pure Ti type were inserted into the tibia of each rabbits. Each rabbit were sacrificed at 2nd, 4th, and 8th week after the implantation and the specimens were observed by the light microscope. The pattern of bone healing and histomorphometric analysis of the implant-bone interface were done. The results were as follows. 1. All implants inserted into the irradiated tibia of rabbit did not show any sign of clinical mobility and the bone around implants inserted into the irradiated tibia of rabbit did not show any resorption. 2. The bone to implant contact surface ratio around HA coated implants that received steroid irrigation got more bone to implant contact surface ratio than that of the saline irrigation. This result showed statistically significant(p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in 8th week group. 3. Though there was no statistically significant difference HA coated implants had more bone to implant contact surface ratio than pure Ti implant in 2nd and 4th groups, and there was no difference in 8th week group. 4. All implants inserted into the irradiated tibia of rabbit had exhibited successful osseointegraion.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1999

Purpose : For practical application of the MR image for stereotactic radiosurgery, the target point achieved by acquisition of MR image in a relatively homogeneous phantom has to agree with the actual isocenter of irradiation in real radiosurgery and the amount of distortion of the MR image should be known. Materials and Methods : A dosimetric film with a random target point was inserted into a radish vertically and horizontally on axis Z and they were fixed with a headring. After image acquisition by stereotactic radiosurgery planning system, we achieved stereotactic coordinate of the target point and examined irradiation using the coordinate acquired as isocenter. After the irradiation, the film in the radish was developed and processed and the degree of coincidence between the target point marked on the film and the center of the radiation distribution. In order to measure the degree of distortion of the MR image in a different way, an acryl phantom was made and punctures were made at intervals of 1 cm and a drop of oil was dropped into it. Then, it was inserted into the radish vertically and horizontally on axis Z to acquire the MR image. Each coordinate was achieved and the estimation of distortion of MR image was made both in vertical and horizontal directions Results : The film from the radio was developed and for the one inserted vertically on axis Z, there was a good coincidence in the discrepancy between the target point marked on the film and the center of the radiation distribution. For the one inserted horizontally, the discrepancy between them was under 0.5 mm. As a result of estimating distortion of MR image using acryl, the discrepancy was under 0.45 mm in the case of the phantom inserted vertically on axis Z, and that of the one inserted horizontally was 1.4 mm. Conclusion : We were able to confirm good coincidence in homogeneous phantom in actual treatment position of radiosurgery using the MR image and the discrepancy measured in the analysis of distortion of the MR image did not exceed the permissible level. Therefore, it was evident the system of the hospital is suitable for radiosurgery using MR image.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.59-63
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• 2011

It is important to reduce indirect scattered neutron beside direct neutron of chosen energy for designing a neutron-reference-field laboratory with neutron produced from a nuclear reaction by a accelerator. Therefore MCNPX simulation was performed with various conditions for obtaining such condition. At first in the original laboratory condition we calculated the direct neutron flux which was inserted in chamber (virtual chamber composed of air) of 0 degree (proton moving direction) for neutron flux measurement and the scattered neutron flux which is inserted in the chamber after scattering wall or bottom. In the result, the scattered neutron which was inserted after scattering bottom is more than that which was inserted after scattering the others. Therefore MCNPX simulation was again performed with removing the concrete bottom and with removing the concrete bottom and digging 1 m in the ground. In the result of removing concrete bottom and digging 1 m in the ground, scattered neutron which was inserted after scattering bottom became less than that which was inserted after scattering the others.