• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.18-35
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• 1993

가압경수로형 원자력발전소 수위제어시스템과 특히 저출력시 수위제어상의 문제점들이 분석 및 고찰되었으며 저출력으로 운전시의 여러 과도특성에서도 안정된 제어를 하고 급수펌프고장과 같은 큰 수위변동 발생시에는 신속한 수위응답을 얻기 위한 방법이 주로 연구되었다. 제어기의 기본 알고리즘으로 퍼지제어기법을 적용하였으며 여기에 필요한 제어규칙 및 알고리즘은 운전원의 지식과 한국원자력연구소에 설치된 교육훈련용 모의제어반에서의 수동운전경험을 바탕으로 설정되었다. 실제 시스템 구현관점에서 제어변수 및 적용규칙은 보다 간편한 튜닝과 입출력변수간의 영향을 고려하여 세워졌다. 저유량일 때 측정이 불량한 유량신호에 대해, 중기발생기를 압력제어모드로 운전할 때에는 유량차의 퍼지변수로서 우회급수밸브의 개도를 이용한 대체정보를 채용하였으며 수위오차의 크기에 따라 유량차의 소속함수를 달리하는 동적인 튜닝방법을 사용하였다. 또한 우회급수와 주급수밸브간 간단한 전환알고리즘의 적용으로 밸브절환시의 수위요동을 억제하고자 하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 저출력구간에서 원자로출력변동에 대해 기존에 설치된 방법보다 안정된 제어를 하고 동적 튜닝의 적용으로 미세제어동작과 수위오차가 큰 영역의 제어에 대해 신속한 응답과 함께 제어성능이 개선되었음을 보였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.3600-3607
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 300~3800MHz 주파수 대역에서 150mW~150W의 평균전력과 피크 전력을 검출할 수 있는 무선전력 검출센서의 개발에 대하여 기술하고 있다. 제안된 무선전력 센서는 기본적으로 전력의 크기를 검출하는 기능 외에 입력 신호의 주파수를 알아낼 수 있는 기능과 VSWR 측정 기능을 가지고 있다. 본 논문의 검출 센서는 듀얼 방향성 결합기의 설계, 입력 전력을 검출하여 DC 데이터로 분석할 수 있는 전력 검출부의 설계, 정확한 캘리브레이션 데이터 추출 방법 등의 세부 과정을 통하여 개발이 완성된다. 개발된 듀얼 방향성 결합기는 300~3800MHz 대역에서 0.085dB의 삽입손실과 3.8GHz에서 최소 30dB의 directivity 성능을 가지고 있다. 개발된 무선전력 센서는 주파수 결정능력과 함께 순방향 입력전력의 크기를 0.25dB 이내의 오차로 분석할 수 있고, 300~3800MHz의 주파수에서 150W의 고출력 동작에서도 1.17~1.96의 VSWR을 측정할 수 있는 성능을 지닌다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.497-501
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• 2004

본 논문은 주파수 변조 연속파 레이더를 사용하여 화물 선박의 탱크의 내용물의 깊이를 측정하는 레벨 센서의 개발에 관한 것이다. 사용 주파수는 10∼11 GHz를 이용하였으며, 테스트용 물체는 RCS가 $0.8\textrm{m}^2$인 도체판을 사용하였다. 실험은 연구실 내부와 운동장에서 하였으며, 스윕 주기가 100ms, 안테나 이득이 약 22dBi인 사각형 혼 안테나를 사용하여 약 8 dBm의 신호를 안테나에 인가하여 40m 까지 물체를 움직이며 비트주파수를 측정하여 이론치와 비교하였다. 실험치와 이론치가 잘 일치하였으나 전압제어 발진기의 비선형으로 인해 분해능이 약 10cm 정도로 측정되었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.619-633
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• 1993

본(本) 논문(論文)에서는 고(高) 수준(水準) 논리(論理) 합성(合成)을 위한 새로운 고급(高級) 하드웨어 기술언어(記述言語)인 ASPHODEL(Algorithm Synthesis Pascal Hardware for Optimal Design and Efficient Language)과 알고리듬 컴파일러를 제안(提案)한다. ASPHODEL은 VLSI의 최상위(最上位) 설계(設計) 레벨인 알고리듬 레벨에서 하드웨어 특성(特性)을 효율적으로 표현(表現)할 수 있다. VLSI 복잡도(複雜度)를 효율적(效率的)으로 처리(處理)하기 위해 입출력(入出力) 포트와 계층적(階層的) 처리기들로 하드웨어를 모델화하고, 기술(記述)의 효율성을 위해 프로그래밍 언어인 Pascal의 구문(構文)을 기본(基本)으로 채택(採擇)하여 고급(高級)하드웨어 기술언어(技術言語)로서 고(高) 수준(水準) 논리(論理) 합성(合成) 시스템에 이용(利用)될 수 있도록 하였다. 알고리듬 컴파일러는 ASPHODEL 기술(記述)을 입력(入力)으로 하여 어휘(語彙) 분석(分析)과 구문(構文) 분석(分析)을 거쳐 중간(中間) 레벨의 설계(設計) 표현(表現)으로 변환(變換)한다. 제안(提案)된 ASPHODEL과 알고리듬 컴파일러에 실제(實際) 설계(設計) 예를 적용(適用), 설명(說明)함으로써 그 효용성(效用性)을 보인다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

본 논문은 LCD driver IC의 전송선 수를 줄이기 위한 이중 저전압 차동신호 전송(DLVDS) 회로를 제안한다. 제안된 회로에서는 2-비트 원시 데이터를 하나의 송신기에서 입력 받고, 2-비트 데이터를 듀얼레벨을 갖는 차동신호로 전송한다. 따라서 기존의 저전압 차동신호 전송기법(LVDS)의 특징을 유지하면서 2-비트 원시 데이터를 2개의 전송선을 통하여 전송할 수 있다. 수신기에서는 디코드 회로를 통해 원래의 2-비트 원시 입력 데이터를 복원할 수 있다. 제안된 회로는 $0.25\mu m$ CMOS 공정으로 설계하여, 1-Gbps/2-line의 전송률을 갖고, 2.5V의 전원에서 35-mW의 전력소모를 나타냈다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2015

최근, 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) 에서는 폭발적으로 증가하고 있는 모바일 데이터 트래픽을 수용하기 위하여 기기 간 직접(Device-to-Device, D2D) 통신을 개발하고 이에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. D2D 통신을 위해 이용되는 링크를 사이드링크라 하며, 사이드링크는 낮은 PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio)을 위해 SC-FDMA (Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access)를 기반으로 한다. 또한, DMRS (DeModulation Reference Signal)를 사용함으로써 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) 전송이 가능하게 한다. 본 논문에서는 D2D 통신에서 사이드링크를 위한 DFT 기반 채널 추정 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 빠른 속도로 움직이는 사용자의 채널 추정이 가능하도록 2-D MMSE (2-Dimensional Minimum Mean Square Error) 보간 기법을 사용한다. 시스템 레벨 시뮬레이션은 3GPP LTE-Advanced 시스템의 20MHz 대역을 기반으로 이루어 졌으며, 시뮬레이션 결과 제안한 채널 추정 기법을 통해 기존 기법보다 SINR(Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio), 전송률 및 스펙트럼 효율 측면에서 성능 향상을 가져다주는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.64-77
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to objectify the level of case management performance and the factors influencing performance, to improve the case management performance at the Korea Worker's Compensation & Welfare Service (KWCWS) on the basis of the recognition of the objective realities of case management by job coordinators at the KWCWS, to develop a model of case management fit for the KWCWS, and to provide a basis for establishing guidelines for standardized case management. Methods: A total of 156 questionnaires were distributed to job coordinators at the KWCWS's headquarters, six regional headquarters, and 55 branches. One hundred forty-one questionnaires were collected and 126 were analyzed statistically using SPSS 21.0. Factor analysis and reliability analysis were conducted to verify the validity and reliability of the main measurement items in the research model. Frequency analysis was conducted for general characteristics of survey subjects. Frequency analysis or descriptive statistics were conducted to identify the level of independent variables (case manager's individual variables, job variables, institutional and organizational variables). Dependent variables (case management performance) and the degree of correlation were analyzed through correlation analysis between research variables. Multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted to examine the effect of independent variables on case management performance. Results: The results of the study showed that the level of overall performance in the five stages of case management was ordinary, with an average level of 3.45 on a 5-point scale. Levels of performance by step were institutional approach and intake (3.69), assessment (3.63), goal setting and intervention planning (3.46), implementation of intervention plan (3.32), and evaluation and termination (3.20), in that order. The explanatory power of case management performance (overall) by case managers with the KWCWS was case manager's institutional and organizational variables, job variables, and individual variables, in that order. At each stage of case management, the explanatory power of a case manager's institutional and organizational variables was found to be the greatest. The model changes at each stage of case management assume similar aspects statistically. In hierarchical regression analysis, it was institutional support that had a significant effect on case management performance (overall), and institutional support had the greatest effect. The results of multiple regression analysis in which all variables are input simultaneously showed that institutional support and expertise as well as self-efficacy had a positive effect. However, case management work experience, expertise (technology), and autonomy were found to have a negative effect during the stage of case management performance. Conclusions: As a result of the study, it was confirmed that raising the case manager's expertise and support from the institution and organization are important factors to improve the level of case management performance. The research also derived practical ways of reinforcement of case manager capacity, institutional and organizational support, operation of rehabilitation-case management teams, and occupational health-related aspects.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2019

Background: Government conducts environmental radioactivity surveillance for verification purpose around nuclear facilities based on the Nuclear Safety Law and issues a surveillance report every year. This study aims to evaluate the short and the long-term fluctuation of radionuclides detected above MDC and their origins using concentration ratios between these radionuclides. Materials and Methods: Sample media for verification surveillance are air, rainwater, groundwater, soil, and milk for terrestrial samples, and seawater, marine sediment, fish, and seaweed for marine samples. Gamma-emitting radionuclides including $^{137}Cs$, $^{90}Sr$, Pu, $^3H$, and $^{14}C$ are evaluated in these samples. Results and Discussion: According to the result of the environmental radioactivity verification surveillance in the vicinity of nuclear power facilities in 2017, the anthropogenic radionuclides were not detected in most of the environmental samples except for the detection of a trace level of $^{137}Cs$, $^{90}Sr$, Pu, and $^{131}I$ in some samples. Radioactivity concentration ratios between the anthropogenic radionuclides ($^{137}Cs/^{90}Sr$, $^{137}Cs/^{239+240}Pu$, $^{90}Sr/^{239+240}Pu$) were similar to those reported in the environmental samples, which were affected by the global fallout of the past nuclear weapon test, and Pu atomic ratios ($^{240}Pu/^{239}Pu$) in the terrestrial sample and marine sample showed significant differences due to the different input pathway and the Pu source. Radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) was detected at the range of < $5.6-190mBq{\cdot}kg-fresh^{-1}$ in the gulfweed and sea trumpet collected from the area of Kori and Wolsong intake and discharge. A high level of $^3H$ was observed in the air (Sangbong: $0.688{\pm}0.841Bq{\cdot}m^{-3}$) and the precipitation (Meteorology Post: $199{\pm}126Bq{\cdot}L^{-1}$) samples of the Wolsong nuclear power plant (NPP). $^3H$ concentration in the precipitation and pine needle samples showed typical variation pattern with the distance and the wind direction from the stack due to the gaseous release of $^3H$ in Wolsong NPP. Conclusion: Except for the detection of a trace level of $^{137}Cs$, $^{90}Sr$, Pu, and $^{131}I$ in some samples, anthropogenic radionuclides were below MDC in most of the environmental samples. Overall, no unusual radionuclides and abnormal concentration were detected in the 2017's surveillance result for verification. This research will be available in the assessment of environment around nuclear facilities in the event of radioactive material release.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.223-223
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• 2009

In this paper, designed and simulated Power Splitter (PS) integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based planar type optical waveguide devices (which is called here a PS-MZI). The PS-MZI optical waveguide sensor was preceded by a Y-junction, which splits the input power between the sensor, and a reference branch, to minimize the effect of optical power variations. The PS-MZI optical waveguide sensor induced changing phases of the incident beam, which had fallen upon the waveguide through computer simulation, according to the small changes in the index of refraction, thus beam intensity was changed. The waveguide were optimized at a wavelength of 1550 nm and fabricated according to the design rule of 0.45 delta%, which is the difference of refractive index between the core and clad. The fabrication of PS-MZI optical waveguide sensor was performed by a conventional planar lightwave circuit (PLC) fabrication process. The PS-MZI optical waveguide that was fabricated to be applied as a biosensor revealed a low insertion loss and a low polarization-dependent loss. After having etched the over-clad at the sensor part in the MZI optical waveguide that was fabricated, Ti deposition was made on the adhesion layer, and then Au thin-film deposition was carried out thereon. In addition, its optical properties were measured by having changed the index of refraction oil at the sensing part of the MZI. To apply the planar type PS-MZI optical waveguide as a biosensor, a detection test for Staphylococcus aureus was conducted according to changes in concentration, having adopted Ti-alkoxide as ligand. The detection result of the S. aureus by the PS-MZI optical waveguide sensor was possible to the level of $10^1$ CFU/ml.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2002

The switching-mode power converter has been widely used because of its features of high efficiency and small weight and size. These features are brought by the ON-OFF operation of semiconductor switching devices. However, this switching operation causes the surge and EMI(Electromagnetic Interference) which deteriorate the reliability of the converter themselves and entire electronic systems. This problem on the surge and noise is one of the most serious difficulties in AC-to-DC converter. In the switching-mode power converter, the output voltage is generally controlled by varying the duty ratio of main switch. When a converter operates in steady state, duty ratio of the converter is kept constant. So the power of switching noise is concentrated in specific frequencies. Generally, to reduce the EMI and improve the immunity of converter system, the switching frequency of converter needs to be properly modulated during a rectified line period instead of being kept constant. Random Pulse Width Modulation (RPWM) is performed by adding a random perturbation to switching instant while output-voltage regulation of converter is performed. RPWM method for reducing conducted EMI in single switch three phase discontinuous conduction mode boost converter is presented. The more white noise is injected, the more conducted EMI is reduced. But output-voltage is not sufficiently regulated. This is the reason why carrier frequency selection topology is proposed. In the case of carrier frequency selection, output-voltage of steady state and transient state is fully regulated. A RPWM control method was proposed in order to smooth the switching noise spectrum and reduce it's level. Experimental results are verified by converter operating at 300V/1kW with 5%~30% white noise input. Spectrum analysis is performed on the Phase current and the CM noise voltage. The former is measured with Current Probe and the latter is achieved with LISN, which are connected to the spectrum analyzer respectively.