• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.429-440
• /
• 2017

A series of multispectral high-resolution Korean Multi-Purpose Satellite (KOMPSAT) images were analyzed to detect the geographical changes in four different tidal flats in the west coast of South Korea. The method of unsupervised classification was used to generate a series of land use/land cover (LULC) maps from the satellite images, which were used as the input of the temporal trajectory analysis to detect the temporal change of coastal wetlands and its association with natural and anthropogenic activities. The accurately classified LULC maps extracted from the KOMPSAT images indicate that these multispectral high-resolution satellite data is highly applicable to generate good quality thematic maps for extracting wetlands. The result of the trajectory analysis showed that, while the tidal flat area of Gyeonggi and Jeollabuk provinces was estimated to have changed due to tidal effects, the reductive trajectory of the wetland areas belonging to the Saemangeum province was caused by a high degree of human-induced activities including large reclamation and urbanization. The conservation of the Jeungdo Wetland Protected Area in Jeollanam province revealed that the social and environmental policies can effectively protect coastal wetlands from degradation. Therefore, monitoring for wetland change using high resolution KOMPSAT is expected to be useful to coastal environment management and policy making.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.43 no.3 s.345
• /
• pp.48-58
• /
• 2006

This paper presents 8x8 two dimensional DCT/IDCT processor of adder-based distributed arithmetic architecture without applying ROM units in conventional memories. To reduce hardware cost in the coefficient matrix of DCT and IDCT, an odd part of the coefficient matrix was shared. The proposed architecture uses only 29 adders to compute coefficient operation in the 2-D DCT/IDCT processor, while 1-D DCT processor consists of 18 adders to compute coefficient operation. This architecture reduced 48.6% more than the number of adders in 8x8 1-D DCT NEDA architecture. Also, this paper proposed a form of new transpose network which is different from the conventional transpose memory block. The proposed transpose network block uses 64 registers with reduction of 18% more than the number of transistors in conventional memory architecture. Also, to improve throughput, eight input data receive eight pixels in every clock cycle and accordingly eight pixels are produced at the outputs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.18
• /
• pp.8573-8578
• /
• 2016

Background: This study was guided by principles of the theoretical system of evidence-based medicine. In particular, when searching for evidence of breast cancer, a measuring scale is an instrument for evaluating curative effects in accordance with the laws and characteristics of medicine and exploring the establishment of a system for medically assessing curative effects. At present, there exist few tools for evaluating curative effects. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) refer to outcomes directly reported by patients (without input or explanations from doctors or other intermediaries) with respect to all aspects of their health. Data obtained from PROs provide evidence of treatment effects. Materials and Methods: In accordance with the tenets of theoretical medicine and ancient medical theory regarding breast cancer, principles for developing a PRO scale were established, and a theoretical model was developed and a literature review was performed, items from this pool were combined and split, and an initial scale was constructed. After a pilot survey and additional modifications, a pre-questionnaire scale was formed and used in a field investigation. After the application of statistical methods, the item pool was used to create a formal scale. The reliability, validity and feasibility of this formal scale were then assessed. Results: In a clinical investigation, 479 responses were recovered, with an acceptance rate of 95%. a combination of various methods was employed, and the items that were selected by all methods or more than half of the methods were employed in the questionnaire. In these cases, the screening methods were combined with certain features of the item, A total of four domains and 38 items were reserved. The reliability analysis indicated that the PRO scale was relatively reliable. Conclusions: Scientific assessment proved that the proposed scale exhibited good reliability and validity. This scale was readily accepted and could be used to assess the curative effects of medical therapy. However, given the limited scope of this investigation, the capacity for adapting this scale to incorporate other theories could not be determined.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.77-93
• /
• 2015

The idea of using measured dynamic characteristics for damage detection is attractive because it allows for a global evaluation of the structural health and condition. However, vibration-based damage detection for complex structures such as long-span cable-supported bridges still remains a challenge. As a suspension or cable-stayed bridge involves in general thousands of structural components, the conventional damage detection methods based on model updating and/or parameter identification might result in ill-conditioning and non-uniqueness in the solution of inverse problems. Alternatively, methods that utilize, to the utmost extent, information from forward problems and avoid direct solution to inverse problems would be more suitable for vibration-based damage detection of long-span cable-supported bridges. The auto-associative neural network (ANN) technique and the probabilistic neural network (PNN) technique, that both eschew inverse problems, have been proposed for identifying and locating damage in suspension and cable-stayed bridges. Without the help of a structural model, ANNs with appropriate configuration can be trained using only the measured modal frequencies from healthy structure under varying environmental conditions, and a new set of modal frequency data acquired from an unknown state of the structure is then fed into the trained ANNs for damage presence identification. With the help of a structural model, PNNs can be configured using the relative changes of modal frequencies before and after damage by assuming damage at different locations, and then the measured modal frequencies from the structure can be presented to locate the damage. However, such formulated ANNs and PNNs may still be incompetent to identify damage occurring at the deck members of a cable-supported bridge because of very low modal sensitivity to the damage. The present study endeavors to enhance the damage identification capability of ANNs and PNNs when being applied for identification of damage incurred at deck members. Effort is first made to construct combined modal parameters which are synthesized from measured modal frequencies and modal shape components to train ANNs for damage alarming. With the purpose of improving identification accuracy, effort is then made to configure PNNs for damage localization by adapting the smoothing parameter in the Bayesian classifier to different values for different pattern classes. The performance of the ANNs with their input being modal frequencies and the combined modal parameters respectively and the PNNs with constant and adaptive smoothing parameters respectively is evaluated through simulation studies of identifying damage inflicted on different deck members of the double-deck suspension Tsing Ma Bridge.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.240-249
• /
• 2001

A high speed ultra-compact lens with a diffractive optical element (DOE) is designed, which can be applied to mobile communication devices such as IMT2000, PDA, notebook computer, etc. The designed hybrid lens has sufficiently high performance of less than f/2.2, compact size of 3.3 mm (1st surf. to image), and wide field angle of more than 30 deg. compared with the specifications of a single lens. By proper choice of the aspheric and DOE surface which has very large negative dispersion, we can correct chromatic and high order aberrations through the optimization technique. From Seidel third order aberration theory and Sweatt modeling, the initial data and surface configurations, that is, the combination condition of the DOE and the aspherical surface are obtained. However, due to the consideration of diffraction efficiency of a DOE, we can choose only four cases as the optimization input, and present the best solution after evaluating and comparing those four cases. On the other hand, we also report dramatic improvement in optical performance by inserting another refractive lens (so-called, field flattener), that keeps the refractive power of an original DOE lens and makes the petzval sum zero in the original DOE lens system. ystem.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.721-733
• /
• 2020

In nuclear engineering, the occurrence of critical heat flux (CHF) is complicated for rod bundle, and it is much more difficult to predict the CHF when it is in natural circulation under motion condition. In this paper, the dryout-type CHF is investigated for the rod bundle in a natural circulation loop under rolling motion condition based on the coupled analysis of subchannel method, a one-dimensional system analysis method and a CHF mechanism model, namely the three-fluid model for annular flow. In order to consider the rolling effect of the natural circulation loop, the subchannel model is connected to the one-dimensional system code at the inlet and outlet of the rod bundle. The subchannel analysis provides the local thermal hydraulic parameters as input for the CHF mechanism model to calculate the occurrence of CHF. The rolling motion is modeled by additional motion forces in the momentum equation. First, the calculation methods of the natural circulation and CHF are validated by a published natural circulation experiment data and a CHF empirical correlation, respectively. Then, the CHF of the rod bundle in a natural circulation loop under both the stationary and rolling motion condition is predicted and analyzed. According to the calculation results, CHF under stationary condition is smaller than that under rolling motion condition. Besides, the CHF decreases with the increase of the rolling period and angular acceleration amplitude within the range of inlet subcooling and mass flux adopted in the current research. This paper can provide useful information for the prediction of CHF in natural circulation under motion condition, which is important for the nuclear reactor design improvement and safety analysis.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.116-132
• /
• 1997

The purpose of the study is to find out how laws related to the nursing profession can be improved by analyzing the rules and regulations concerning nursing. Furthermore, to help settle legal matters in the process of doing nursing work. The data used for the study are the Health and Medical Act, the Maternal and Child Health Act, the School Health Act, the Special Act for Health and Medical Service in Rural Areas, the Industrial Health & Safety Act and the Notice on Nursing Professional Courses analyzed by age and content. The results of the study are as follows : First, basic nursing practice includes 'nursing care for recuperation and assistance in medical treatment and in special areas including the pre-vention of disease, maintenance of health, control of environment, and other therapeutic activities. It is suggested that the phrase 'assistance in medical treatment' should be eliminated as it limits the basic nursing practice to the assistance of the medical treatment. Second, Article 56 of the Health & Medical Act prescribes a special nurse but it does not prescribe a specific job. Accordingly, the new provison concerning the specific jobs of a special nurse should be added or a job guide should be inseated. Third, it is prescribed that those who have completed the training course after obtaining a license are qualified to be a midwife, a special nurse and a nurse practitioner working in special areas. However, school nurses, occupational health nurses and maternal and health workers are required to obtain a nurse license, but not to take an additional training course. Nurses working in special areas should be legally recognized as nurse specialists. The regulations to control various qualification standards consistently should be established. Fourth, the qualifications and types of nurses by area prescribed by Article 54 of the Health and Medical Act are not consistent with those of special nurses as recognized by affiliated organizations of the Korean Nurse Association and some hospitals. Accordingly, the qualifications and types of special nurses should be adjusted in consideration of special nurses. Fifth, as Article 16, Paragraph 2 of the Health and Medical Act does not prescribe the type and scope of first - aid treatment that nurses can provide, the first-aid treatment of nurses might be considered as an unlicensed practice. The specific regulations regarding these matters should be established. Sixth, the contents of the nursing record, which are prescribed by Article 21 of the Health and Medical Act as a duty, include 1) matters concerning body temperature, pulse, breath and blood pressure 2) matters concerning drug prescription 3) matters concerning input and output 4) matters concerning the treatment and nursing care (Article 17 of the Enforcement Regulations, Health and Medical Act). However, these matters are limited to basic nursing care and assistance in medical treatment. The new recording methods on nursing process are suggested to be adopted legally. Seventh, the prescription right entrusted to nurses which are prescribed by the School Health Act, the Special Act on Health and Medical Service for Rural Areas, and the Industrial Health and Safety Act are not consistent with the rights of nurses as prescribed by the Health and Medical Act. New regulations prescribing the partial right for medical treatment entrusted to nurses in consideration of the restraint of time and place in emergency situations should be established.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.293-296
• /
• 2008

The member deflection is one of the most important considerations for the serviceability evaluation of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, and the concept of the effective moment of inertia has been generally used for its estimation. However, the actual service load applied on an existing RC beam may not be easily obtained, for which the estimation of beam deflection by existing methods can be difficult work. Therefore, based on the close relationships between cracks and deflection in a RC beam, this study proposed a method to estimate the deflection of RC beams directly from the condition of cracks not using the actual loads acting on the member as its input data. The proposed method extensively utilized the relationships among sums of crack widths, average strains, and curvatures, and modification factors obtained from regression analysis were also introduced to improve its accuracy. The deflections of members were successfully estimated by the proposed method independent from applied loads, which was also easy to apply compared to the existing methods based on the effective moment of inertia. This new method, however, has limitations in its applicability in that it is less accurate than the existing methods because the magnitude of acting load is not involved in the estimation process of member deflection, and that it requires the measurement of crack widths along the whole length of a member.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.15 no.10
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2014

Recently, National Emergency Management Agency constructs integrated information system for preventing national earthquake based on underground information. In the past, there are numerous difficulties in construction and management of underground information, because underground information is constructed by each management agency. But a link and application of underground information are available because of government 3.0. This study shows the integrated information system for preventing national earthquake based on real-time link of underground information. The integrated information system for preventing national earthquake developed in this study consists of boring information input modules, underground information search/analysis modules based on V-world tile map, user authority management modules, user management modules and real-time liaison interface modules. Also, this study proposes enhancement plan to construct integrated information system for preventing national earthquake stably and strongly. Stability test conduct on stability of data storage, system stability and consistency of processing speed test results show stability of the integrated information system for preventing national earthquake is high.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2008

In this study, the effect of water content condition was investigated on the Mohr-Coulomb shear strength parameters which are commonly used as the input data in the soil slope analysis. For the purpose, a series of direct shear test was conducted in different water content conditions on the two types of weathered soils and a dam core material, obtained from the domestic slope construction sites and the dam construction site, respectively. The comparisons between the values of the Mohr-Coulomb ${\phi}_{peak}$ and $c_{peak}$, estimated from the relationships between the normal stress and the peak shear stress for the samples in the four different water content conditions (i.e., dry side, optimum, wet side, and saturated), showed that overall, the values of $c_{peak}$ decreased gradually while those of ${\phi}_{peak}$ did not vary much with increasing the water content. A rough estimate for the varying ratio of the values of ${\phi}_{peak}$ and $c_{peak}$ indicated that the values of $c_{peak}$ decreased by every 25% of the $c_{peak}$ values in dry side, while those of ${\phi}_{peak}$ were constant, as the water content condition changed from dry, optimum, and wet to saturated, respectively.