• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.481-486
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• 1993

A computeized least-cost formulation program was applied to process emulsion-type sausages. The input data in formulation were utilized with the database which had been established in the previous study. The formulation results may provide Korean meat processors with actual examples. Meat-grade system made these examples more useful. The results of manufacturing test were as follows. The actual cohesiveness from manufactured sausages didn't correspond to the predicted values, but increased as the predicted values increased. These gabs caused by the different processing conditions between the model system and the actual processing. Hardness as well as cohesiveness could be used as the desirable index of a sausage texture. Comparing the cohesiveness and hardness of commercial frankfurters with those of test sausages, bind value constraint of $0.16{\sim}0.17$ in this test formula can be utilized for an actual formulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.124-131
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• 2002

In this study, a preliminary design code was developed for the initiation of HTPB/LOX hybrid rocket system. HTPB was assumed to have a constant regression rate. And initial input parameters; number of port, initial O/F ratio F/W ratio, and chamber pressure, were varied to analyze the effects on the performance and geometry of rocket system. The results showed a qualitatively good agreement with previous data. And it was revealed that there exists a number of design results that meet the mission requirements and that we could find an optimal design case if a proper constraint would be imposed. Thus, it is natural to account for the optimal algorithm during the design procedure and to consider more realistic and reliable formulations used for weight estimation of structural supports and accessories.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.1049-1057
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• 2020

The shift from elite education to mass education in Vietnam has met the demand for education for everybody as well as for quality human resource talent for an emerging nation. Under the resource constraint, understanding the quality dimensions of education and its priority level is important for effective and efficient policies. This study was carried out using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to develop quality criteria and a ranking model. Two rounds of in-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen experts in the field, who were rectors, employers, and recruitment specialists to develop the quality framework applied in Vietnamese universities under total quality management (TQM), starting from the input of the senior secondary school leavers, through a teaching process to the output. The first round of interviews were unstructured questionnaires designed to explore the main factors in quality assessment model. The second round affirmed the experts' agreement on the assessment model. Then, fuzzy logic was applied to rank eight criteria in the quality assessment model into priority order: cost, teaching and administrative staff, leadership, curriculum, student-related factors, internationalization, admissions, and campus. The results are critical for identifying the necessary actions to enhance the education quality and to further research on the optimal quality model.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.35-46
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• 2007

This paper proposes a six-color separation method of reducing unnecessary usage of colorants based on the limitation of total colorant amount and dot visibility ordering. First, the CIELAB values of input RGB image are estimated through the color-mixing model and compared with pre-calculated CIELAB values corresponding to all combination of CMYKlclm colorants with a constraint of color difference, thereby selecting initial CMYKlclm candidates. Next, the limitation on total colorant amount Is imposed on initial CMYKlclm candidates to remove the excessive amounts of colorants, and then final CMYKlclm candidates are determined by minimizing the usage of light cyan and light magenta in the dark region based on the dot visibility ordering of C, M, Y, K, lc, and lm. Through the experiment, the proposed method is shown to reduce the excessive amount of colorants with preserving good image quality.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.5S
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• pp.1666-1675
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• 2000

This paper proposes a RTWM (Real-Time Web Middleware) framework for real-time EC(Electronic Commerce) systems. RTWM system is extended the existing COS( CORBA Object Service) model added to the event monitoring, real-time scheduler, real-time event filtering for supporting real-time concept of EC systems. Especially, this paper is concentrated on providing suitable event filtering function for EC system in order to meed various user time requirements under distributed system environment. It stores time constraint requirements an interesting event information input from users into QoS repository, then processes the data through appropriate RTFA(Real-Time Filtering Agent) module when real-time events occur. From this method, users can get the filtered event result reflected their requirements about real-time filtering. It means this system provides thigh QoS to users. In addition, it results in decreasing network traffic as unnecessary event information is filtered from network.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.818-823
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• 2016

Millimeter wave (mm-wave) communication systems provide high data rates owing to the large bandwidths available at mm-wave frequencies. Recently, analogue and digital combined beamforming, namely "hybrid beamforming" has drawn attentions owing to its ability to realize the required link margins in mm-wave systems. Taking into account the radio frequency (RF) hardware limitations, such as the analogue phase shifter gain constraint and the low resolution of the phase controller, we introduce an uplink hybrid beamforming system that includes discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based "fixed" analogue beamforming. We adopt a zero-forcing (ZF) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) equalizer to eliminate the uplink inter-user interferences. Moreover, to improve the sum-rate performances, we propose a transmit beam selection algorithm which makes the uplink effective channels, i.e., the beamformed channels, become near orthogonal. The effectiveness of the proposed beam selection algorithm was verified through numerical simulations.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.55-62
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• 2019

In this paper, we consider K-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) interference channel and present a transceiver design for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems. In addition, we consider a SWIPT system where an information decoding receiver and an energy harvesting receiver are co-located at the same receiver. In the proposed scheme, signal-to-leakage plus noise ratio (SLNR) is used as a cost function and a transceiver is designed to satisfy the threshold of the harvested energy. More specifically, transmitter precoding vector, receiver filter vector, and power spitting factor are simultaneously designed to maximize SLNR with a constraint on the harvested energy. Through computer simulation, we compare the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) performance of the proposed and conventional schemes. When a special condition among the number of transmit antennas, receive antennas, and users is satisfied, the proposed scheme showed better SINR performance than the conventional scheme at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) range. Also, when the condition is not satisfied, the proposed scheme showed better performance than the conventional scheme at all SNR range.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.482-486
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• 2008

It has been built or remodeled in every year train maintenance centers including subways. However, there is no standard to measure exact capacity. In today, most of criteria is referenced on Japanese. In general, we can standardize the process for 'Train Overhaul Maintenance' because its processes are similar or same patterns. The processes can be the base standard of train maintenance after being classified in detail and validating it. This study is adapt BPR methodology to present standardizes processes and the processes are mapping to layout drawing to constraint from the real world, and then evaluate the capacity using simulation. To guarantee objectivity of input data, we use research data by the National Railroad Administration and Association of Japanese Railway Engineering. Using these data to simulation, we compare to the 'Allowances' and evaluate its adequacy.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2021

In this paper, an alternative finite memory structure(FMS) smoothing filter is developed for discrete-time state-space model with a control input. To obtain the FMS smoothing filter, unbiasedness will be required beforehand in addition to a performance criteria of minimum variance. The FMS smoothing filter is obtained by directly solving an optimization problem with the unbiasedness constraint using only finite measurements and inputs on the most recent window. The proposed FMS smoothing filter is shown to have intrinsic good properties such as deadbeat and time-invariance. In addition, the proposed FMS smoothing filter is shown to be equivalent to existing FMS filters according to the delay length between the measurement and the availability of its estimate. Finally, to verify intrinsic robustness of the proposed FMS smoothing filter, computer simulations are performed for a temporary model uncertainty. Simulation results show that the proposed FMS smoothing filter can be better than the standard FMS filter and Kalman filter.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.173-181
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• 2006

A Two Mobilized-Plane Model is proposed for monotonic and cyclic soil response including liquefaction. This model is based on two mobilized planes: a plane of maximum shear stress, which rotates, and a horizontal plane which is spatially fixed. By controlling two mobilized planes, the model can simulate the principal stress rotation effect associated with simple shear from different $K_0$ states. The proposed model gives a similar skeleton behaviour for soils having the same mean stress, regardless of $K_0$ conditions as observed in laboratory tests. The soil skeleton behaviour observed in cyclic drained simple shear tests, including compaction during unloading and dilation at large strain is captured in the model. Undrained monotonic and cyclic response is predicted by imposing the volumetric constraint of the water on the drained or skeleton behaviour. This constitutive model is incorporated into the dynamic coupled stress-flow finite difference program of FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua). The model was first calibrated with drained simple shear tests on Fraser River sand, and verified by comparing predicted and measured undrained behaviour of Fraser River sand using the same input parameters.