• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.942-952
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• 2013

Monoliths are functional porous materials with a three-dimensional continuous interconnected pore structure in a single piece. A monolith with uniform shape based on poly(${\gamma}$-glutamic acid) (PGA) has been prepared via a thermally induced phase separation technique using a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide, water, and ethanol as solvent. The morphology of the obtained monolith was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the surface area of the monolith was evaluated by the Brunauer Emmett Teller method. The effects of fabrication parameters such as the concentration and molecular mass of PGA and the solvent composition have been systematically investigated. The PGA monolith was cross-linked with hexamethylene diisocyanate to produce the water-insoluble monolith. The addition of sodium chloride to the phase separation solvent affected the properties of the cross-linked monolith. The swelling ratio of the cross-linked monolith toward aqueous solutions depended on the buffer pH as well as the monolith fabrication condition. Copper(II) ion was efficiently adsorbed on the cross-linked PGA monolith, and the obtained copper-immobilized monolith showed strong antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli. By combination of the characteristic properties of PGA (e.g., high biocompatibility and biodegradability) and the unique features of monoliths (e.g., through-pore structure, large surface area, and high porosity with small pore size), the PGA monolith possesses large potentials for various industrial applications in the biomedical, environmental, analytical, and separation fields.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.70.2-70.2
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• 2014

We developed a three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation code to reproduce the structure of a solar wind and the propagation of a coronal mass ejection (CME) through it. This code is constructed by a finite volume method based on a total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme using an unstructured grid system (Tanaka 1994). The grid system can avoid the singularity arising in the spherical coordinate system. In this study, we made an improvement of the code focused on the propagation of a CME through a solar wind, which extends a previous work done by Nakamizo et al. (2009). We first reconstructed a solar wind in a steady state from physical values obtained at 50 solar radii away from the Sun via an MHD tomography applied to interplanetary scintillation (IPS) data (Hayashi et al. 2003). We selected CR2057 and inserted a spheromak-type CME (Kataoka et al. 2009) into a reconstructed solar wind. As a result, we found that our simulation well captures the velocity, temperature and density profiles of an observed solar wind. Furthermore, we successfully reproduce the general characteristics of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) obtained by the Helios 1/2 spacecraft (R. J. FORSYTH et al. 2006).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-30
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• 2001

21 세기에 들어 재래목본식물(在來木本植物)을 이용한 비탈면 녹화(綠化)가 이용되기 시작되고 있으므로 그 발전방향을 예측하기 위해 녹화(綠化)의 기본적인 개념과 녹화(綠化)에 대한 주역주민의 인식을 정리하여 보았다. 조사결과, 지역주민은 녹화(綠化)의 필요성과 재래목본식물(在來木本植物)을 이용한 공법(工法)을 충분히 인식하고 있었으나, 외래종(外來種)의 도입에 대해서는 대부분의 주민이 부정적이었다. 따라서 앞으로는 비탈면 녹화(綠化)의 다면성(多面性)을 추구해야 하며, 재래목본식물(在來木本植物)의 도입이 곤란한 장소에는 재래잡초류(在來雜草類)의 이용을 추진해야 할 것이다. 또한 비탈면에 시공하고 있는 금망(金網)은 인위적(人爲的) 재해(災害)를 유인할 가능성이 있으므로 시정할 필요가 있다. 결론적으로 비탈면 녹화(綠化)는 단기적으로는 비탈면의 물리적(物理的) 안정(安定)과 생태적(生態的) 안정(安定)에, 중 장기적으로는 지구환경(地球環境)의 개선(改善)과 향상(向上)에 기여해야 할 것이다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2014

Ascidian soft tunic syndrome (AsSTS) caused by Azumiobodo hoyamushi (A. hoyamushi) is a serious aquaculture problem that results in mass mortality of ascidians. Accordingly, the early and accurate detection of A. hoyamushi would contribute substantially to disease management and prevention of transmission. Recently, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was adopted for clinical diagnosis of a range of infectious diseases. Here, the authors describe a rapid and efficient LAMP-based method targeting the 18S rDNA gene for detection of A. hoyamushi using ascidian DNA for the diagnosis of AsSTS. A. hoyamushi LAMP assay amplified the DNA of 0.01 parasites per reaction and detected A. hoyamushi in 10 ng of ascidian DNA. To validate A. hoyamushi 18S rDNA LAMP assays, AsSTS-suspected and non-diseased ascidians were examined by microscopy, PCR, and by using the LAMP assay. When PCR was used as a gold standard, the LAMP assay showed good agreement in terms of sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). In the present study, a LAMP assay based on directly heat-treated samples was found to be as efficient as DNA extraction using a commercial kit for detecting A. hoyamushi. Taken together, this study shows the devised A. hoyamushi LAMP assay could be used to diagnose AsSTS in a straightforward, sensitive, and specific manner, that it could be used for forecasting, surveillance, and quarantine of AsSTS.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.146-153
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• 2000

The rubber crawler system for farm machine is composed of driving units such as track rollers, driving sprockets and rubber crawlers. Vibration characteristics of the rubber crawler system varies by driving speed, center of gravity, mass□moment of inertial□location arrangement of track rollers and dynamic parameters such as dynamic spring constant (k) and viscous damping coefficient (c) of a rubber crawler. In general, vibration of the rubber crawler system occurs by reason for mechanical interaction between the rubber crawler and track rollers. Because the dynamic spring constant and viscous damping coefficient vary periodically by mechanical characteristics(deformation characteristics) of the rubber crawler when track rollers drive on the between lugs of the rubber crawler. Therefore, both dynamic parameters k and c were expressed as Fourier series by authors through the shaking test of the rubber crawler and further, vibration characteristics of the rubber crawler system could be simulated analytically. However, actual values of dynamic parameters k and c are different from those obtained by the shaking test because dynamic characteristics of the rubber crawler vary by the effect of variable tension and driving resistance of track rollers. So, actual values of k and c should be identified in the condition of actual driving test. In this study, dynamic parameters such as k and c of the rubber crawler system, which are expressed as Fourier series, were identified using the Gauss-Newton Method. Therefore, validity of identified parameters k and c was discussed through the simulation using experimental data of actual driving test. As a result, in the Fourier series of dynamic parameters of spring constant k and viscous damping coefficient c, excellent parameter convergence and simulation were observed using the Fourier series' zero order and first term of the dynamic model. Furthermore, it was clarified that identification for model parameters which are fitted to actual dynamic motion (vibration) wave of the crawler system was possible by using the time series data observed in vertical and pitching motion of the crawler system.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2013

Amoebic keratitis (AK) caused by Acanthamoeba is one of the most serious corneal infections. AK is frequently misdiagnosed initially as viral, bacterial, or fungal keratitis, thus ensuring treatment delays. Accordingly, the early detection of Acanthamoeba would contribute significantly to disease management and selection of an appropriate anti-amoebic therapy. Recently, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method has been applied to the clinical diagnosis of a range of infectious diseases. Here, we describe a rapid and efficient LAMP-based method targeting Acanthamoeba 18S rDNA gene for the detection of Acanthamoeba using clinical ocular specimens in the diagnosis of AK. Acanthamoeba LAMP assays detected 11 different strains including all AK-associated species. The copy number detection limit for a positive signal was 10 DNA copies of 18S rDNA per reaction. No cross-reactivity with the DNA of fungi or other protozoa was observed. The sensitivity of LAMP assay was higher than those of Nelson primer PCR and JDP primer PCR. In the present study, LAMP assay based on directly heat-treated samples was found to be as efficient at detecting Acanthamoeba as DNA extracted using a commercial kit, whereas PCR was only effective when commercial kit-extracted DNA was used. This study showed that the devised Acanthamoeba LAMP assay could be used to diagnose AK in a simple, sensitive, and specific manner.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.195-207
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• 2006

The recently published and new results on design and fabrication of magnetophotonic crystals of different dimensionality are surveyed. Coupling of polarized light to 3D photonic crystals based on synthetic opals was studied in the case of low dielectric contrast. Transmissivity of opals was demonstrated to strongly depend on the propagation direction of light and its polarization. It was shown that in a vicinity of the frequency of a single Bragg resonance in a 3D photonic crystal the incident linearly polarized light excites inside the crystal the TE- and TM-eigen modes which passing through the crystal is influenced by Brags diffraction of electromagnetic field from different (hkl) sets of crystallographic planes. We also measured the faraday effect of opals immersed in a magneto-optically active liquid. It was shown that the behavior of the faraday rotation spectrum of the system of the opal sample and magneto-optically active liquid directly interrelates with transmittance anisotropy of the opal sample. The photonic band structure, transmittance and Faraday rotation of the light in three-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals of simple cubic and face centered cubic lattices formed from magneto-optically active spheres where studied by the layer Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method. We found that a photonic band structure is most significantly altered by the magneto-optical activity of spheres for the high-symmetry directions where the degeneracies between TE and TM polarized modes for the corresponding non-magnetic photonic crystals exist. The significant enhancement of the Faraday rotation appears for these directions in the proximity of the band edges, because of the slowing down of the light. New approaches for one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals fabrication optimized for the magneto-optical Faraday effect enhancement are proposed and realized. One-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals utilizing the second and the third photonic band gaps optimized for the Faraday effect enhancement have been successfully fabricated. Additionally, magnetophotonic crystals consist of a stack of ferrimagnetic Bi-substituted yttrium-iron garnet layers alternated with dielectric silicon oxide layers of the same optical thickness. High refractive index difference provides the strong spatial localization of the electromagnetic field with the wavelength corresponding to the long-wavelength edge of the photonic band gap.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.160-164
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• 2008

저속 에너지 도플러 넓어짐 양전자 소멸 분광법으로 $MgB_2$ 박막내의 원자 크기 정도 고체 구조 특성에 대하여 조사하였다. 양전자와 전자의 쌍소멸로 발생하는 511keV 감마선 스펙트럼의 수리적 해석 방법인 S-변수를 사용하여, 상전이 근처 온도에서 박막의 구조 변화를 측정하였다. 비등방성 구조로 된 $MgB_2$ 박막에서 초전도 특성을 갖는 상전이 온도 근처에서 S-변수를 측정하였다. 양전자의 입사 에너지 10keV에서 측정된 S-변수의 최고치는 박막의 온도가 30K에서 0.567이고, 50 K에서는 0.570로 큰 변화는 없었다. 이 결과로부터 양전자가 Boron 층의 초 전자와 소멸하기 보다는 Mg층 근처의 상 전자와 소멸하는 것으로 판단된다. $MgB_2$의 박막의 외층은 Mg층으로 이루어졌다고 할 수 있다.