• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.296-309
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• 2022

This study investigated the mobility of inorganic elements (As, Cd, Pb, and Zn) that existed as acid extractable and reducible forms in flooded soils with a pot experiment involving rice cultivation. In general, it is known that soil inorganic elements that existed as an acid extractable form which includes exchangeable, carbonates, non-specifically sorbed, and specifically sorbed have mobility. However, the result of the experiment revealed that each inorganic elements of rice roots grown from flooded soils had different characteristics. The concentrations of Arsenic existed as both forms and the concentrations of cadmium and lead existed as a reducible form in the soils showed a high causal relationship with the concentrations of those elements in the roots of rice plants. The concentrations of zinc, an essential plant element, didn't show a causal relationship. Therefore it is necessary to consider the soil's environmental characteristics such as drained/flooded condition, oxidation/reduction condition, etc. for the mobility assessment of inorganic elements. The concentrations of the reducible form of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in flooded environment such as a paddy field should be also considered because the mobility of these elements combined with Fe/Mn increases in the reduction condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.165-171
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• 2004

The analytical method of toxic heavy metals in disposable diapers was developed. Disposable diapers obtained from Korea, Japan, America and German were determinated and quantified. Sample treatment (Total Digestion) was wet chemical acid digestion for extraction of nine hazardous inorganic elements (Sb, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Hg) in disposable diapers. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) have been used for analyzing nine hazardous inorganic elements. The results were as follows : The concentration of extractable Sb which was treated for 3 hours with artificial urine and disposable diapers was higher than those of 6 hours and 24 hours. The concentration of extractable Cr was same as Sb. On the other hands, the behavior of Cu and Ni were different from Sb and Cr. Concentrations of extractable Cu and Ni increased as increasing the reaction time between artificial urine and disposable diapers.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.108-112
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• 2020

A certified reference material (CRM) for the analysis of nutrient elements in an edible mushroom (Ganoderma lyceum) powder has been developed (KRISS CRM 108-10-011). The mass fractions of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were measured by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID ICP/MS). To dissolve the fungi cell wall of mushroom consisted of chitin fibers, sample preparation method by single reaction chamber type microwave-assisted acid digestion with acid mixtures was optimized. The mean measurement results obtained from 12 sample bottles were used to assign as the certified values for the CRM and the between-bottle homogeneities were evaluated from the relative standard deviations. The certified values were metrologically traceable to the definition of the kilogram in the International System of Units (SI). This CRM is expected to be used for validation of analytical methods or quality control of measurement results in analytical laboratories when they determine the mass fractions of elements in mushroom or other similar samples.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.431-443
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• 2000

The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate seasonal deposition flux variations and deposition velocities of the total dusfall and various inorganic elements in it. Total 41 dustfall and TSP samples were collected from November, 1997 through December, 1998 in Kunsan. Each sample was analyzed by and AAS to determine he levels of 5 inorganic elements: Zn, Cd, Cr, Fe and Pb. Deposition fluxes, soluble/total fractions and deposition velocities for each element were extensively investigated. Estimated dry deposition fluxes of dustfall and elements in Kunsan were in the range of 14.6~48.8(mean 25.6) ton/$\textrm{km}^2$/yr for dustfall, 14.5~72.6(mean 44.1)kg/$\textrm{km}^2$/yr for Zn, 0.9~0.5(mean 3.0) kg/$\textrm{km}^2$/yr for Cd, 2.1~239.2(mean 63.9) kg/$\textrm{km}^2$/yr for Cr, 331.6~1,082.7(mean 873.9) kg/$\textrm{km}^2$/yr for Fe, 5.2~178.4(mean 49.2) kg/$\textrm{km}^2$/yr for Pb, respectively. And the concentra-tion of TSP and elements in Kunsan were 71$\mu\textrm{g}/m^3$ for TSP, $29.9ng/m^3$ for Zn, $0.6ng/m^3$ for Cd, $0.1 ng/m^3$ for Cr, $1,061.0 ng/m^3$ for Fe, $4.0 ng/m^3$ for Pb, respectively. And the estimated deposition velocity of dustfall and elements in Kunsan were 1.13$\times$ 10(sup)-2 cm/sec for dustfall, 4.67$\times$ 10(sup)-2 cm/sec for Zn, 16.92 cm/sec for Cd, 15.69 cm/sec for Cr, 1.72$\times$ 10(sup)-2 cm/sec for Fe, 0.36 cm/sec for Pb, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.42-47
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• 2003

The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate seasonal deposition flux variations of the total dustfall and various inorganic elements in it. Total of 84 dustfall samples were collected from September, 1997 thru August, 1998 at 7 different sites in Kunsan. Each sample was analyzed by an AAS to determine the levels of 5 inorganic elements; Zn, Cd, Cr, Fe and Pb. Deposition fluxes, soluble/total fractions for each element were extensively investigated. Estimated deposition fluxes of dustfall and elements in Kunsan were in the range of 37.5∼45.1 ton/$\textrm{km}^2$/yr for dustfall, 43.5∼81.8 kg/$\textrm{km}^2$/yr for Zn, 6.6∼11.0 kg/$\textrm{km}^2$/yr for Cd, 44.8∼110.0 kg/$\textrm{km}^2$/yr for Cr, 223∼323 kg/$\textrm{km}^2$/yr for Fe, 10.9∼22.3 kg/$\textrm{km}^2$/yr for Pb, respectively. Thus, the estimated average total deposition fluxes of dustfall in Kunsan(376.35 $\textrm{km}^2$) per day were 43.3 ton and 58.6 kg for Zn, 8.9 kg for Cd, 80.6 kg for Cr, 293.8 kg for Fe and 14.1 kg for Pb, respectively.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 1998

The three analysis methods, EPA method 3050, the method offered by Ministry of Environment in Korea, and modified method corrected in this laboratory, were studied to investigate the effect of matrix on the analysis of inorganic priority pollutants. 7 inorganic priority pollutants(Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg) were spiked to the plating, leather, paper, electric, and dye sludges. Mean recovery of the elements except Hg was 95.5% when the procedure of EPA method was applied. However, recovery by the two other extraction methods showed 11.1% and 27.7%, respectively. Digestions were done by MDS (microwave digestion system) and $HNO_3+HClO_4$ methods. To study organic and inorganic matrix effect, samples were made by adding triethanol amine as a organic matrix and $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$+$AlCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$ as a inorganic matrix, respectively. The extracts were analyzed by AAS and HG-AAS. Mean recovery of the elements by the $HNO_3+HClO_4$ procedure, except Hg, gave better result than that of the MDS method. Mean recovery of elements was decreased when organic and inorganic matrices were added in the sludge samples. The procedure of MDS and $HNO_3+HClO_4$ digestion gave higher recoveries than that of direct analysis. In general, the results of the studies showed a significant matrix effect on the inorganic priority pollutants analysis in sludges.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 1999

Optimal pretreatment processes for metal plating on engineering plastics, especially on Nylon-inorganic filler alloy was studied. For Nylon-inorganic filler alloy, adhesion strength between resin surface and metal could be improved by just etching process that eliminate amorphous layer. In the SEM picture and surface roughness measurement, etching treatment was found to make enabled the surface condition very rough and the adhesion strength good. It was also found that the surface condition of plated article and its adhesion strength partly depended upon molding condition of Nylon-inorganic filler alloy. EDS, peaks showed that what kinds of and how much of the metal elements remained on the resin surface after pretreatment processes. Cr did not affect on adsorption of Sn and Pd remarkably.

• The Korean Ginseng Research and Industry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2016

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2010

Intensive measurements of airborne respirable $PM_{2.5}$ and inhalable $PM_{2.5}$ were conducted in the downtown area of Iksan city. The $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ samples were collected twice a day in the Iksan city of Korea from October 17 to November 1, 2004. The purpose of the study was to determine the inorganic water-soluble components and trace elements of $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in the atmospheric environment and estimate the contribution rate of major chemical components from a mass balance of all measured particulate species. The chemical analysis for PM samples was conducted for water-soluble inorganic ions using ion chromatography and trace elements using PIXE analysis. The mean concentrations of respirable $PM_{2.5}$ and inhalable $PM_{2.5}$ were $51.4{\pm}29.7$ and $79.5{\pm}39.6\;{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, and the ratio was 0.62. The ion species of $NO_3$, $SO_4^2$, and $NH_4^+$ were abundant in both $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{2.5}$. These components predominated in respirable $PM_{2.5}$ fraction, while $Na^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ mostly existed in coarse particle mode. Elemental components of S, Cl, K, and Si were abundant in both $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{2.5}$. These elements, except for Si, were considered to be emitted from anthropogenic sources, while Si, Al, Fe, Ca existed mainly in coarse particle mode and were considered to be emitted from crustal materials. The averaged mass balance analysis showed that ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, crustal component, and other trace elements were composed of 18.4%, 13.2%, 4.8%, 3.5% for PM2.5 and 17.0%, 11.6%, 13.7%, 4.4% for $PM_{2.5}$, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 1996

Dry and wet deposition is an impertant removal mechanism of the amobient aerosol in the atmospheric environment. Since the deposition flut provides adverse impacts on various encironmental media including aquatic and ecological system as well as human health, it is essential to quantitatively estimate the removal fluxes of many air pollutants. Thus, the purposes of this experimental study are to investigate seasonal deposition flux variations of the total dustfall and various inorganic elements in the local ambient air and then to finally estimate their dry deposition velocities. To perform the study, the total of 90 dustfall samples were collected from January, 1994 thru February, 1995 in 5 different cities of Korea including Seoul, Suwon, Daejon, Kwangju, and Kangrung. Each sample was analyzed by an AAS and an ICP to determine the quantities of the 11 inorganic elements, such as Zn, Cd, Cr, K, Na, Pb, Ca, Fe, Mn, Mi, and Cu. As results, deposition fluxes, soluble/insoluble fractions, and deposition velocities for each element were extensively investigated. The resulting dry deposition velocities of some elements in Suwon were estimated by ranges of 0.57 .sim. 0.87 cm/sec for Zn, 0.35 .sim. 0.45 cm/sec for Pb, 1.25 .sim. 3.52 cm/sec for Ca, 0.21 .sim. 0.48 cm/sec for Fe, 0.95 .sim. 9.31 cm/sec for Mn, and 2.08 cm/sec for Cu.