• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2014

To control the disease of root rot in ginseng nursery, inorganic sulfur solution of 0.1%, 1.0%, and 2.0% were irrigated by amount of $10{\ell}$ per $3.3m^2$ before sowing. On the last ten days of July, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were similarly detected by 44.8% and 43.8%, respectively, while Cylindrocarpon destructans was low detected by 4.4% in the diseased seedling. The more sulfur's concentration was increased, the more soil pH was decreased. Soil pH was decreased from 5.87 to 4.59 by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0%. The more sulfur's concentration was increased, the more electrical conductivity (EC) of soil was increased. EC was increased from 0.27 dS/m to 1.28 dS/m by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0%. Irrigation of sulfur solution was effective on the inhibition of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani in ginseng seedling. Control value for damping-off by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0% and 2.0% were 75.7%, and 78.5%, respectively. Growth of leaf was inhibited by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 2.0%. Root weight per $3.3m^2$ showed the peak in sulfur solution of 1.0%, while survived-root ratio and root weight per plant were decreased in the level of 2.0%. Survived-root ratio of seedling in sulfur solution of 1.0% was distinctly increased by 4.7 times compare to the control, but control value for root rot was relatively low as 49.2%. Mycelium growth of C. destructans, F. solani, and R. solani were distinctly inhibited by the increase of sulfur's concentration in vitro culture using PDA medium.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2005년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.97-100
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• 2005

Recently sewage facilities mainly consisted of concrete structures are being deteriorated seriously by biodeterioration originated from sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. In this study, to prevent biochemical corrosion of the sewer concrete, antibiotics which prevent the growth of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were developed and antimicrobial performance of it was investigated. After that, to consider applicability of antibiotics to concrete, durability such as resistance to carbonation, salt damage and chemical attack of concrete covered with inorganic and complex antibiotics were investigated. As a result of this study, it was proved that the antimicrobial performance of antibiotics was available. Also resistance to carbonation, salt damage and chemical attack of concrete covered with inorganic antibiotics was little improved but, in case of complex antibiotics, was remarkably improved. Moisture content of concrete, as a application condition of antibiotics in whole case, have little effect on performance but covering times of antibiotics have effect on performance only in case of complex antibiotics.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.499-502
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• 2005

Recently sewage facilities mainly consisted of concrete structures are being deteriorated seriously by biodeterioration originated from sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. In this study, to prevent biochemical corrosion of the sewer concrete, antibiotics which prevent growth of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were developed and antimicrobial performance of it was investigated. After that, to consider applicability of antibiotics to concrete, physical properties such as bond strength, resistance to abraision, water absorption and air permeability of concrete covered with inorganic and complex antibiotics were investigated.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2007

바이오필터의 운전에 있어 큰 표면적, 높은 한계 역압력을 가지고 있는 충진 담체의 선택은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 황산화 세균을 분리하고 분리된 황산화 세균과 바이오필터를 이용해 담체 종류에 따른 황화수소의 제거특성을 조사하는 것이며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 전남 화순의 폐탄광 폐수에서 Thiobacillus sp. IW.를 분리하였다. 2) 다양한 담체를 이용해 유입농도, 공간속도에 따른 바이오필터의 황화수소 제거특성 및 압력손실 변화 살펴본 결과 무기성 담체가 유기성 담체에 비해 우수한 성능을 나타내었다. 3) 무기성 담체 중에서는 섬유상, PU 담체가 다른 담체에 비해 우수한 성능을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1155-1160
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• 2012

Sulfur-utilizing autotrophic denitrification relies on an inorganic carbon source to reduce the nitrate by producing sulfuric acid as an end product and can be used for the treatment of wastewaters containing high levels of nitrates. In this study, sulfur-denitrifying bacteria were used in anoxic batch tests with sulfur as the electron donor and nitrate as the electron acceptor. Various medium components were tested under different conditions. Sulfur denitrification can drop the medium pH by producing acid, thus stopping the process half way. To control this mechanism, a 2:1 ratio of sulfur to oyster shell powder was used. Oyster shell powder addition to a sulfur-denitrifying reactor completely removed the nitrate. Using 50, 100, and 200 g of sulfur particles, reaction rate constants of 5.33, 6.29, and $7.96mg^{1/2}/l^{1/2}{\cdot}h$ were obtained, respectively; and using 200 g of sulfur particles showed the highest nitrate removal rates. For different sulfur particle sizes ranging from small (0.85-2.0 mm), medium (2.0-4.0 mm), and large (4.0-4.75 mm), reaction rate constants of 31.56, 10.88, and $6.23mg^{1/2}/l^{1/2}{\cdot}h$ were calculated. The fastest nitrate removal rate was observed for the smallest particle size. Addition of chemical oxygen demand (COD), methanol as the external carbon source, with the autotrophic denitrification in sufficiently alkaline conditions, created a balance between heterotrophic denitrification (which raises the pH) and sulfur-utilizing autotrophic denitrification, which lowers the pH.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.2057-2064
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• 2014

Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) was conducted in autoclave on the system of crude oil and $MgSO_4$ at different temperatures. Gas chromatography pulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) was used to detected the composition of organic sulfur compounds in oil phase products. The results of the analysis indicate that with increased temperature, the contents of organic sulfur compounds with high molecular weight and thermal stability, such as benzothiophenes and dibenzothiophenes, gradually became dominated. In order to gain greater insight into the formation and distribution of organic sulphur compounds from TSR, positive ion electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used in detecting the detailed elemental composition and distribution of them. The mass spectra showed that the mass range of sulfur compounds was 200-550 Da. Four sulfur class species, $S_1$, $N_1S_1$, $O_1S_1$ and $O_2S_1$, were assigned in the positive-ion spectrum. Among the identified sulfur compounds, the $S_1$ class species was dominant. The most abundant $S_1$ class species increase associated with the DBE value and carbon number increasing which also indicates the evolution of organic sulfur compounds in TSR is from the labile series to the stable one. In pure blank pyrolysis experiments with crude oil cracking without TSR, different composition and distribution of organic sulfur compounds in oil phase products were seen from mass spectra in order to evaluate their pyrolysis behaviors without $MgSO_4$. FT-IR and XRD were used in analyzing the products of solid phases. Two distinct crystallographic phases MgO and $MgSO_4$ are found to coexist in the products which demonstrated the transformation of inorganic sulfur compounds into organosulfur compounds exist in TSR.

• 청정기술
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2002

Petcokes는 원유의 정제 과정에서 최종적으로 생산되는 부산물로 정제과정 중에 petcokes내에 무기물 및 황성분의 농축이 이루어진다. Petcokes는 각각의 분야에서 요구하는 품위에 적합해야 활용이 가능하다. 현재 국내에서 생산되는 petcokes는 황함량이 평균 6% 정도로 높아서 그대로 사용하기가 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 마이크로웨이브 가열을 이용하여 petcokes로부터 황을 제거하는 연구를 수행하였다. 지금까지 연구된 탈황방법에는 열 탈황, 수첨 탈황, 용매 추출에 의한 탈황, 그리고 알칼리 금속을 이용한 탈황 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 방법인 마이크로웨이브 가열을 이용하여 petcokes로부터 탈황을 하고자 하였다. 실험은 마이크로웨이브만으로 가열하여 탈황하는 방법과 탈황율을 높이기 위해서 수소가스를 첨가하는 탈황을 수행하였다. 마이크로웨이브만으로 가열한 경우 1835W에서 2시간을 실험한 결과 68.3%의 탈황율을 보였다. 마이크로웨이브로 가열하며 수소를 첨가한 경우 1835W에서 1.5시간을 실험한 결과 86.4%의 탈황율을 얻을 수 있었다. 탈황 시간을 늘리거나 사용한 시료의 입자 크기가 줄여 준다면 더욱 높은 탈황율을 얻을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.243-261
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• 2024

In this study, samples were collected from various ancient wooden shipwrecks, including the Shinan shipwreck and Jindo shipwreck that used iron nails, the Yeongheungdo shipwreck carrying iron artifacts, as well as the Sibidongpado shipwreck and Wando shipwreck where degradation products were not observed, all of which were salvaged by the National Research Institute of Maritime Heritage. The aim was to analyze the characteristics of degradation products generated by iron (Fe) within the salvaged wooden shipwreck materials and establish fundamental data on degradation products in waterlogged archaeological wood. The analysis revealed that sulfur (S) is generally accumulated in wood obtained from marine environments. It was observed that the content of inorganic substances such as iron and sulfur was significantly higher in the Shinan shipwreck, Jindo shipwreck, and Yeongheungdo shipwreck compared to Sibidongpado shipwreck and Wando shipwreck, which used wooden nails. This indicates that the presence of iron affects the accumulation of degradation products and suggests that iron is a factor in the corrosion of wood. Furthermore, crystallin compounds were observed within the cell walls, and higher concentrations of iron and sulfur were found in the resin ducts, rays, and radial tissues. This suggests that during desalination and consolidation treatments, warm water or polyethylene glycol (PEG) may move degradation factors into resincanals, rays, radial tissues, etc.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-51
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• 1999

Reactions of 2,6-Lutidine with active methyl group anilines in the presence of sulfur gave the desired thioamides 1. Reactions of synthesized thioamides 1 with sulfur and SiO2 or SeO2 gave the corresponding amide 2. We now report conversion of thioamide to amide by using oxidzing inorganic reagant

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2012

In this study, new antibacterial materials were developed to manufacture a functional corrugated board. Sulfur solution, a new antibacterial solution made from inorganic sulfur in the laboratory, and other antibacterial mat erials were adopted to treat the surface of a linerboard. We measured the antibacteriocidal and bacteriostatic activities, as well as the fungal resistance of the surface-treated linerboards, to identify the antibacterial properties. The mechanical properties of the surface-treated linerboard were also determined in order to identify the effects of the antibacterial materials on linerboard properties. Linerboard treated with sulfur solution, PVOH, and sodium metasulfite showed the highest antibacterial activity, while linerboard treated with sulfur solution and nano sulfur showed the highest fungal resistance. It was identified that sulfur solution has effective antibacterial properties. The antibacterial materials did not affect the mechanical properties of the surface-treated linerboard, but the binder showed significant effects in terms of the burst strength, the compressive strength, and the stiffness of the linerboard.