• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2010

Fouling by inorganic scales needs to be prevented to effectively operate sea water reverse osmosis(SWRO) membrane systems. The extents of inorganic scaling with different array designs including one-pass, two-pass and several hybrid designs were evaluated using seawater from southern sea near the city of Chang-Won. The used methods for evaluation were Stiff and Davis Index(S&DSI) calculation and several laboratory experiments. The formation potential of inorganic scale fouling was quite great under the examined conditions, which was confirmed by the laboratory experimental results. The inorganic scale was not avoidable fouling if any anti-scaling measures were not applied. The RO showed decreased flux under the scale formation conditions. The increases in S&DSI from 1.43 to 5 made small decreases in flux, which indicated that formation of inorganic scales had more substantial effects on RO flux than amount of inorganic scales.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.677-685
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• 2011

역삼투막 공정의 무기질 스케일은 주로 산을 주입하거나 혹은 스케일억제제를 사용하여 제어하고 있다. 특히 최근에는 여러 가지 고분자 형태의 스케일 억제제가 개발되어 사용되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 다른 성상의 스케일 억제제 세 개를 선택하여 $CaCO_3$ 무기질 오염에 대한 제어효과를 분석하였다. 농축계수가 1.43, 2.5 및 5일 때 Spectra Guard를 사용하여 회수율, 즉 농축계수에 따른 제어능을 비교하였고 농축계수가 2.5일 때 SHMP, Spectra Guard, Flocon 150 N을 사용하여 억제제별 제어능을 분석하였다. 그 결과 농축계수별 제어능 실험은 농축계수가 증가할수록 더 많은 양의 스케일 억제제를 필요로 하였으며, 필요량은 농축계수 5의 범위까지 거의 선형적인 관계를 나타내었다. 또한 임계값보다 적은 양의 스케일 억제제를 주입했을 경우 일정한 시간 경과 후에 스케일이 형성 되는 경향을 보였다. 실험한 세 종류의 스케일 억제제는 모두 스케일 억제 효과를 보였으나, 억제제별로 스케일 제어에 필요한 시간과 적정 주입량 등에 차이를 보였다. Spectra Guard는 주입농도가 0.6 mg/L 이상이면 바로 스케일 제어효과를 나타내었다. SHMP은 적정 농도는 0.4 mg/L로 작았으나 스케일 제어효과가 나타내는 데까지 약 30시간 이상이 걸렸다. Flocon 150 N은 3 mg/L 이상의 주입농도와 30시간 이상의 운전시간이 필요하였다. 이러한 적정 농도 및 제어 반응시간의 차이는 억제제 성분에 따른 억제 기작의 차이로 보이며, $CaCO_3$ 스케일 억제제로 polyacrylate 계의 Spectra Guard가 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• BioChip Journal
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.268-279
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• 2018

Flower-shaped organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructures, termed nanoflowers, have received considerable recent attention as they possess greatly enhanced activity, stability, durability, and even selectivity of entrapped organic biomolecules, which are much better than those from the conventional methods. They can be synthesized simply via co-incubation of organic and inorganic components in aqueous buffer at room temperature and yield hierarchical nanostructures with large surface-to-volume ratios, allowing for low-cost production by easy scale-up, as well as the high loading capacity of biomolecules without severe mass transfer limitations. Since a pioneering study reported on hybrid nanoflowers prepared with protein and copper sulfate, many other organic and inorganic components, which endow nanoflowers with diverse functionalities, have been employed. Thanks to these features, they have been applied in a diverse range of areas, including biosensors and biocatalysis. To highlight the progress of research on organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers, this review discusses their synthetic methods and mechanisms, structural and biological characteristics, as well as recent representative applications. Current challenges and future directions toward the design and development of multi-functional nanoflowers for their widespread utilization in biotechnology are also discussed.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2008

The results of microstructure observations of the $Al_2O_3$ scale formed on a Fe-Cr-Al steel during high temperature oxidation in the $SO_2$ atmosphere are presented. Morphology of the scale has been studied by SEM and TEM techniques. Phase and chemical compositions have been studied by EDX and XRD techniques. The alumina oxide is a primary component of the scale. TEM observations showed that the scale was multilayer. The entire surface of the scale is covered with "whiskers", which look like very thin platelets and have random orientation. The cross section of a sample shows, that the "whiskers" are approximately $2{\mu}m$ high, however the compact scale layer on which they reside is $0.2{\mu}m$ thick. The scale layer was composed mainly of small equiaxial grains and a residual amount of small columnar grains. EDX analysis of the scale surface showed that the any sulfides were found in the formed outer and thin inner scale layer. A phase analysis of the scale formed revealed that it is composed mainly of the $\theta-Al_2O_3$ phase and a residual amount of $\alpha-Al_2O_3$.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.299-299
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• 2011

A dipolar interlayer can cause dramatic changes in the device characteristics of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) or photovoltaics. A shift in the threshold voltage, for example, has been observed in an OFET where the organic semiconductor active layer is deposited on SiO2 modified with a dipolar monolayer. Dipolar molecules can similarly be used to change the current-voltage characteristics of organic-inorganic heterojunctions. We have conducted a series of experiments in which different molecular linkages are placed between a pentacene thin film and a silicon substrate. Interface modifications with different linkages allow us to predict and examine the nature of tunneling through pentacene on modified Si surfaces with different dipole moment. The molecular-scale structure and the tunneling properties of pentacene thin films on modified Si (001) with nitrobenzene and styrene were examined using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Electronic interfaces using organic surface dipoles can be used to control the band lineups of a semiconductor at organic/inorganic interfaces. Our results can provide insights into the charge transport characteristics of organic thin films at electronic interfaces.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2008

Ammonia is an inorganic compound that may cause severe odor problem. In this study the effectiveness of applying natural neutralizer to destroy and remove the odor-causing compound from gas streams was studied. Experimental result evaluated with a bench-scale apparatus via the neutralization of gas phase. This indicates that the natural neutralization depends on the gas concentration, gas residence time, temperature and pH. Removal efficiency of ammonia from gas stream was achieved by 95% using theconvection in the packed bed. This study proved the chemical neutralization technology was effective for controlling inorganic odor-causing compound.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.4.1-4.1
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• 2009

The dream of futurists andtechnologists is to build complex, multifunctional machines so small that theycan only be seen with the aid of a microscope. The unprecedented technologyadvancements in miniaturizing integrated circuits on semiconductors, and theresulting plethora of sophisticated, low cost electronic devices demonstratethe impact that micro/nano scale engineering can have when applied only to thearea of electrical and computer engineering. Emerging research efforts indeveloping organic and inorganic nano materials together with using micro/nanofabrication techniques for implementing integrated multifunctional devices hopeto yield similar revolutions in other engineering fields. By cross linking theindividual engineering fields through micro/nano technology, various organicand inorganic materials and miniaturized system devices can be developed thatwill have future impacts in the IT and life science applications. Yet to buildthe complex micromachines and nanomachine of the future, engineering will needto develop the technology capable of seamlessly integrating these materials andsubsystems together at the micro and nano scales. The micromachines of thefuture will be “integrated nanosystems,” complex devices requiring the integration of multiple materials,phenomena, technologies, and functions at the same platform. To develop thistechnology will require great efforts in materials science and engineering, infundamental and applied sciences. In this talk, we will first discuss thenature of micro and nanotechnology research for IT and life sciences, and thenintroduce selected current activities in micro and nanotechnology research fororganic and inorganic materials and devices. The newly developed micro/nanofabrication processes and devices, combined with in-depth scientificunderstandings of materials, can lead to rapid development of next generationsystems for applications in IT and life sciences.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2011년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.205-206
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• 2011

이노가닉 폴리머 콘크리트는 비소성 알카리 활성화 콘크리트의 일종으로 여러 가지 우수한 성능을 가지고 있으며, 그 중에서도 고온에서의 열적특성이 우수한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 따라, 이노가닉 폴리머 콘크리트를 이용한 경량패널을 제조하여, 소형가열로 내화시험을 측정한 결과 3시간 가열후 이면상승온도가 평균 82℃ 이하로 확인되어 공동주택의 내화벽체로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2016

In various industries, many researches studies have been done in using nano thin film fabrication technology. In the field of printed electronics, various electronic devices can be fabricated using a direct printing process of on multiple functional materials. It has the advantages of low prices, environment-friendly environmentally friendly, flexibleility, large scale, mass production produced, simple process and so on. In this study, a viable thin film fabrication technology has beenwas introduced using the surface acoustic wave mechanism for thin film deposition. Fabrication of thin films using organic, inorganic and composite of organic/inorganic materials have been were analyzed through the experimental research. In this experiment, organic material MEH:PPV, inorganic material ZnO and composite material MEH:PPV/ZnO have been depo sited as thin films.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.3-15
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• 2011

현재 CDM사업 등록은 대부분 에너지, 화학공정, 제조공정 분야에서 이루어지고 있다. 그러나, 무기질 자원재활용을 통한 CDM사업 등록은 그렇게 많지 않은 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 국내 무기질 폐기물의 재자원화를 통한 CDM사업 등록 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 국내외 CDM사업 현황 분석 및 적용사례를 조사하였다. 조사결과 CDM사업 등록 사례는 대량으로 활용할 수 있는 산업 중의 하나인 시멘트산업의 원료 대체화 분야에서 다수의 등록이 이루어진 것으로 조사되었다. 우리나라에서의 CDM사업 적용 전망은 산업의 규모, 무기질 자원 활용 산업 및 온실가스 배출량을 분석하고 대량으로 활용할 수 있을 정도로 지속적으로 발생되는 우기질 폐가물의 현황 등을 면밀히 검토해야 할 것으로 판단된다.