• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.807-817
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• 2004

The modified biochemical oxygen demand (MBOD) were conducted to evaluate the water quality and fertility in the Mangyeong river from november 2002 to april 2003. MBOD method was used to evaluate algal growth potentials and their limiting factors. MBOD depends on the amount of available inorganic nutrient and organic substrate during 5-day incubation in the dark condition at $20^{\circ}C.$ The MBOD assay depends on inorganic nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen as well as reduced carbon as called MBOD, MBOD-P, and MBOD-N, respectively. The concentration of pollutants were in the range of 3.08～48.36 mg/L for COD. The concentration of nutrients were in the range of 0.37～111.62 mg/L for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and 0.00～1.03 mg/L for dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP). The results of MBOD bioassay showed that the MBOD, MBOD-P and MBOD-N values were 15～173 mg $O_2/L,$ 13～165 mg $O_2/L$ and 66～175 mg $O_2/L$ ranges, respectively. The MBOD values are found to be the highest in Iksan River and the lowest in Hari River throughout the Mangyeong River. The relationships of MBOD, MBOD-P and MBOD-N in MBOD method were generally found in MBOD$\risingdotseq$ MBOD-P$\risingdotseq$MBOD-N. But the result of Gosan was appeared to MBOD$\risingdotseq$MBOD-N > MBOD-P. The MBOD-N value was higher 3 to 5 times than the MBOD-P value in the Gosan station. The algal growth potentials expressed as the concentration of chlorophyll-a were maximum 20 times more than algal biomass in the water column.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2007년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.46-52
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• 2007

As flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater contains high concentrations of nitrate and is very low in organic carbon, the feasibility of nitrate removal by autotrophic denitrification using Thiobacillus denitrificans was studied. This autotrophic bacteria oxidizes elemental sulfur to sulfate while reducing nitrate to elemental nitrogen gas, thereby eliminating the need for addition of organic compounds such as methanol. Owing to the unusually high concentrations of dissolved salts $(Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;Na^+,\;K^+,\;B^+,\;SO_4^{2-},\;Cl^-,\;F^-,)$ in the FGD wastewater, extensive laboratory-scale and pilot-scale tests were carried out in sulfur-limestone reactors (1) to determine the effect of salinity on autotrophic denitrification, (2) to evaluate the use of limestone for pH control and as source of inorganic carbon for microbial growth, and, (3) to find the optimum environmental and operational conditions for autotrophic denitrification of FGD wastewater. The experimental results demonstrated that (1) autotrophic denitrification is not inhibited up to 1.8 mol total dissolved salt content; (2) inorganic carbon and inorganic phosphorus must be present in sufficiently high concentrations; (3) limestone can supply effective buffering capacity and inorganic carbon; (4) the high calcium concentration may interfere with pH control, phosphorus solubility and limestone dissolution, hence requiring pretreatment of the FGD wastewater; and, 5) under optimum conditions, complete autotrophic denitrification of FGD wastewater was obtained in a sulfur-limestone packed bed reactor with a sulfur:limestone volume ratio of 2:1 for volumetric loading rates up to 400g $NO_{3^-}N/m^3.d$. The interesting interactions between autotrophic denitrification, pH, alkalinity, and the unusually high calcium and boron content of the FGD wastewater are highlighted. The engineering significance of the results is discussed.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2006

We performed experiments on the uptake and excretion of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) using two toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium tamarense Lebour (Balech) and Gymnodinium catenatum Graham, isolated from Hiroshima Bay, Japan. ATP (adenosine triphosphate), UMP (uridine-5-monophosphate), G-6-P (glucose-6-phosphate) and Glycero-P (glycerophosphate) were used as DOP sources in preliminary uptake experiments. ATP was selected as the DOP species for the short-tenn uptake experiment because preliminary experiments showed it to be the DOP source used by both species. Although the $K_s$ values of A. tamarense and G. catenatum (5.63 and $7.61{\mu}M$, respectively) obtained from the short-term experiments for ATP were only slightly higher than those reported for dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), the ${\rho}_{max}$ values (5.04 pmol/cell/h and 13.4 pmol/cell/h, respectively) were much higher. The DOP excretion rate in batch-culture experiments was estimated at 0.084 pmol/cell/h for A. tamarense and 0.012 pmol/cell/h for G. catenatum, accounting for about 30% and 25%, respectively, of the assimilated phosphorus. Our results suggest that the DIP-depleted conditions of Hiroshima Bay favor these two species by supporting their ability to use DOP.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.539-544
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• 2011

The relative focus about phosphorus (P) which causes eutrophication characterized by increased growth of undesirable algae has increased in recent years. Phosphorus forms in soil and water include both organic and inorganic forms. There are also a large number of soil P determination methods that have been designed to account for various types of P and mechanisms controlling the chemistry of P in soil, water, and residual materials for environmentally relevant forms of P. However, phosphorus forms in soil, water, and residual materials are also difficult to standardize with any reasonable consensus, due to the number of different disciplines involved. Hence, it is essential to accurately define how P can be measured in soil, water, or residual material samples to avoid potential misinterpretations or inappropriate recommendations in determining amount and types of P. Therefore, we reviewed the testing methods which have appeared in the scientific literature to provide an overview of the soil test P most commonly used.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2001

본 연구는 보령댐 호저 퇴적물 중의 영양염류, 중금속의 존재형태와 용출특성에 대하여 조사하였다. 4개 지점의 퇴적물 중 인의 존재형태는 4종류로 분류하였는 데 세립질 퇴적물의 표면에 흡착된 인, 철이나 알누미늄과 금속과 착물을 이룬 인(NAI-P), 칼슘을 포함한 인산염 광물에 포함된 인(apatite P)과 잔류적 인으로 구분하였다. 4개 지점에서 공히 가장 많은량으로 존재하는 인은 잔류인이고, 그 다음은 NAI-P, apatite 인, 흡착된 인의 순서로 나타났다. 총질소와 인의 침전량은 호식성 조건에서 각각 $0.31mg/m^2{\cdot}day$, $29mg/m^2{\cdot}day$이었으며 혐기성 조건에서 각각 $0.12mg/m^2{\cdot}day$와 $13.6mg/m^2{\cdot}day$로 나타났다. 또 총질소와 인의 용출은 호기성 조건에서는 일어나지 않았으며 혐기성 조건에서는 각각 $0.23mg/m^2{\cdot}day$와 $10.5mg/m^2{\cdot}day$로 나타나 보령호의 경우 현재는 용출량보다 침전량이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1999

Three barrows weighing 45.0 kg, fitted with simple T-cannulas in both the duodenum and terminal ileum, were assigned to diets in a $3{\times}3$ Latin Square design experiment to determine the effect of two calcium levels (0.8% vs 0.4%) on phytase activity and nutrient balance in growing pigs. The control diet contained 0.8% calcium, with no added inorganic phosphorus (0.45% total phosphorus) and no added phytase. The two additional experimental diets contained microbial phytase (750 phytase units/kg) and supplied either 0.8% or 0.4% calcium. With added microbial phytase, ileal and total tract digestibility of rotal phosphorus were improved by 20.9 and 13.8 percentage units, respectively (p=0.01). The apparent duodenal and ileal digestibility of phytate phosphorus were increased by 51.8 and 49.7 percentage units (p=0.01). Lowering dietary calcium in the presence of microbial phytase increased the digestibility of phytate phosphorus by an additional 10.9 (p=0.001) and 5.7 percentage units for duodenal and ileal digestibility, respectively. Supplementation with microbial phytase significantly reduced fecal excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus and increased the percentage of these nutrients retained by the pig. Lowering dietary calcium further increased the percentage of dietary phosphorus retained. Overall, reducing dietary calcium appeared to increase the effectiveness of added microbial phytase in degrading phytate phosphorus. As a result, care should be taken to avoid high levels of dietary calcium when supplementing swine diets with microbial phytase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.896-903
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• 2019

Objective: Qianbei-Pockmarked goats are affected by a disorder locally referred to as 'Ruanguzheng Disorder', which is characterized by emaciation, lameness, muscular relaxation, stiffness of the extremities, and abnormal curvatures of the long bones. Our objective was to determine the relationship between the disorder and phosphorus deficiency. Methods: Tissue samples were collected from affected and healthy animals, while soil and herbage samples were collected from affected and healthy pastures. Biochemical parameters were determined using an automatic biochemical analyzer (OLYMPUS AU 640, Olympus Optical Co., Tokyo, Japan). Mineral contents in soil, forage, and tissue were determined using a Perkin-Elmer AAS5000 atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, CT, USA). Results: The results showed that phosphorus contents in herbages from affected pastures were markedly lower than those from healthy areas (p<0.01), and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus in the affected herbages was 12.93:1. The phosphorus contents of wool, blood, tooth, and bone from affected animals were also markedly lower than those from healthy animals (p<0.01). Serum phosphorus values in affected animals were much lower than those in healthy animals, while serum alkaline phosphatase values from affected animals were markedly higher than those from healthy animals (p<0.01). Inorganic phosphorus values from affected animals were approximately half of that in the control group. Supplementation of disodium hydrogen phosphate prevented and cured the disorder. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Ruanguzheng disorder in Qianbei-Pockmarked goats is primarily caused by phosphorus deficiencies in herbage due to fenced pastures and natural habitat fragmentation.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.966-972
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• 2007

A novel organoclay has been developed with aluminium-pillared clay modified with an amphoteric surfactant, N-Dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (DDAPS). This novel organoclay is expected to have phosphorus removal capacity as well as organic and inorganic contaminant removal capacity, due to aluminum inside the clay structure. It also exhibited less surfactant desorption than conventional cation surfactant-based organoclays. Phosphorus in water can be decreased from 0.2 mg/L to 0.0012 mg/L in 27 hours with this organoclay. Also, cadmium could removed from water using this proposed organo-clay. Experiments were performed under various pHs and amphoteric surfactants sorption capability was the highest at pH 5 when more of the amphoteric surfactant head group took on positive charges.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.133-142
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• 1979

In this survey, the blood values of erythrocytic series, leukocytic count, serum protein and serum minerals, including calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium, in usual conditions of 271 adult Holstein cows raised in. Korea were compared to the standa

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.179-187
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• 1980

토양(土壤)(화산회질(火山灰質) 및 흑이질(黑泥質))을 그 특성(特性)의 하나인 입경별로 분화(分畵)하고 Silt부(部)를 다시 비중별(比重別)로 분화(分畵)하여 전인산(全憐酸), 유기인산(有機憐酸), 무기인산(無機憐酸)의 분포양식(分布樣式)을 밝히고, 인산(憐酸)의 집적(集積)을 좌우(左右)하는 요인(要因)을 해명(解明)하고자 하였다. 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 전인산(全憐酸), 유기인산(有機憐酸), 무기인산(無機憐酸) 공(共)히 입경 $20{\mu}$에서 급증(急增)하고 입경이 작아질수록 증가(增加)하였다. 2. 입경별 인산(燐酸)의 집적비율(集積比率)(각입경부인산 분포량(分布量)의 입경분화전 원토(原土)의 값에 대한 비율(比率))은 입경 $2{\mu}$ 이하(以下)에서 1 이상(以上), $2{\mu}$ 이상(以上)에서 1 이하(以下)였다. 즉 유기인산(有機憐酸), 무기인산(無機憐酸) 공(共)히 입경 $2{\mu}$ 이하(以下)의 점토부(粘土部)에서 농축(濃縮)이 되어 있었다. 3. 전인산(全憐酸), 유기인산(有機憐酸), 무기인산(無機憐酸) 공(共)히 비중(比重) 1.7-2.0부(部)에서 최다(最多)였고, 이어 1.4-1.7배(部), 2.0 이하부(以上部)가 따랐다. 4. 비중별(比重別) 인산(燐酸)의 집적비율(集積比率)(각비중부인산(各比重部憐酸) 분포량(分布量)의 비중분화전(比重分畵前) Silt부(部)의 값에 대한 비율(比率))은 비중(比重) 1.7-2.0부(部)에서 최고(最高)(1.30~1.58)였으며, 1.4-1.7부(部)에서도 1 이상(以上)(1.22~1.47), 2.0이상부(以上部)에서 1 이하(以下)(0. 50~0.80)였다. 5. 입경별 및 비중별(比重別) 인산분포(憐酸分布), 집적(集積)에 대해 유기물기복합체에 의거(依據)하는 것으로 생각이 되었다. 또 무기인산(無機憐酸)의 분포(分布), 집적(集積)은 유기무기복합체를 형성(形成)하는 무기성분(無機成分)과 밀접(密接)한 것으로 보아 유기인산(有機憐酸)과 무기인산(無機憐酸)의 분포(分布), 집적요인(集積要因)사이에는 밀접(密接)한 관계(開係)가 있는 것으로 추정(推定)되었다.