• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2003년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.80-87
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• 2003

Micro gas turbines are designed with low turbine inlet temperature and pressure ratio. To overcome the efficiency defect of the simple cycle, adoption of the recuperator is an inevitable choice. In addition to the design performance, we should also pay attention to the off-design performance of gas turbines since they usually operate at part-load conditions for a considerable amount of the time. This study aims at analyzing off-design performance characteristics of micro gas turbines and addressing the importance of the recuperator in the part load operation. Comparative analyses have been performed to evaluate the part load performance differences among various design and operating options : simple vs recuperative cycles, single vs two shaft configurations, various operating strategies for the single shaft configuration (fuel only control, variable speed operation, variable inlet guide vane control), and current vs advanced engines. Major finding is that maintaining turbine at high level is crucial in efficient operation of micro gas turbines.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.125-136
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• 1995

항온층 지열을 이용하는 지열교환기를 개발하여 겨울철의 난방효과와 여름철과 환절기에 있어서 온습도변화를 분석하였다. 또한 지열교환기가 매설된 토양의 종류는 미사질토로 나타났다. 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 디지탈풍속계를 사용하여 2월 중 하루동안의 온습도를 측정해 본 결과 입기의 온도가 -7.3$^{\circ}C$에서 6.4$^{\circ}C$의 변화를 보일 때 배기의 온도는 1.2~7.3$^{\circ}C$로 영상의 기온을 나타내었으며, 최대의 온도차 $\Delta$t는 8.5$^{\circ}C$이었다. 난방성능은 최대 3.25Wh/㎥이었으며, 평균 1.7Wh/㎥이었다. 2. 3월과 4월의 온도변화를 측정해 본 결과 땅속 2.5m의 온도와 지하배관내의 공기온도가 모두 10~l2$^{\circ}C$의 일정한 온도범위를 보여 외기의 급격한 온도와는 상관없이 변화폭이 적은 온도의 공기를 축사내로 공급할 수 있었다. 3. 7월 1일부터 5일까지의 온도변화 자료를 분석해 본 결과 지하 2.5m의 온도가 18~2$0^{\circ}C$의 일정한 범위를 보여 지난 3, 4월과 비교하여 지온이 약 8$^{\circ}C$ 정도 상승하였다. 4. 9월 중 일교차가 가장 심했던 9월 19일에서 22일 사이에 입기구와 배기구에서 순간온도변화를 측정한 결과 입기구에서 온도변화는 9~28$^{\circ}C$로 약 19$^{\circ}C$의 온도차를 보였으나 배기구에서의 온도변화는 15~$25^{\circ}C$의 범위를 보여 입기구의 온도변화에 비해 약 9$^{\circ}C$ 정도의 온도차로 완화할 수 있었다. 이상의 시험결과에서 나타난 바와 같이 지열교환기는 축사의 난방 보조열원으로서 양호한 열효율을 나타내어 우리나라 축사시설에 적용가능성을 제시하였다. 본 지열교환기 시스템은 지열을 이용하는 환경보전형 에너지 시스템으로서 시설하기 간편하고 경제적이며 반영구적인 냉난방 및 환기시스템이다. 따라서, 우리나라 축산시설에 실용화될 경우에 우수한 대체에너지원으로 에너지 절감효과에도 크게 기여하리라고 전망된다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.571-576
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• 2015

Temperature characteristics of supply oil in an ultra-precision hydrostatic table are largely influenced by parameter setting in an oil cooler such as the location of reference sensor and cooling temperature. In this paper, influences of the parameter setting on the temperature variation in the hydrostatic table are experimentally analyzed to suggest the guidelines for practical application. In case of using temperature of inlet oil as a reference sensor in the oil cooler, temperature rise of the supply oil is smaller and thermal settling time is faster than that of using temperature of outlet oil as a reference sensor. The experimental results also show that temperatures of table, rail and return oil can be made almost same, and thermal settling time can be decreased by setting cooling temperature in the oil cooler to be lower than atmospheric temperature.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2004

Close-coupled catalyst (CCC) can reduce the engine cold-start emissions by utilizing the energy in the exhaust gas. However, in case the engine is operated at high engine speed and load condition, the catalytic converter may be damaged and eventually deactivated by thermal aging. Excess fuel is sometimes supplied intentionally to lower the exhaust gas temperature avoiding the thermal aging. This sacrifices the fuel economy and exhaust emissions. This paper describes the results of an exhaust heat exchanger to lower the exhaust gas temperature mainly under high load conditions. The heat exchanger was installed between the exhaust manifold and the inlet of close-coupled catalytic converter. The exhaust heat exchanger successfully decreased the exhaust gas temperature, which eliminated the requirement of fuel enrichment under high load conditions. However, the cooling of the exhaust gas through the heat exchanger may cause the deterioration of exhaust emissions at cold start due to the increment of catalyst light-off time.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 1989

Development of a more satisfactory program of computing the performance on a multi-tube evaporator with continuous plate fins is attempted in this study. The fluid flow involving a change of phase make the flow properties and fluid friction factor of refrigerants, the heat transfer coefficients of refrigerant and air sides vary significantly. Taking such variations into account, a useful program is developed to predict the steady state performance of a multi-tube evaporator. The program was applied to an evaporator which has outside diameter of 10.05mm, inside diameter of 9.35mm, length of 5.4m and two rows arraied staggered. Then the variations of refrigerant quality, temperature, pressure, velocity, enthalpy, specific volume and air temperature, tube temperature were discussed. Satisfactory results were presented that the degree of superheat at the outlet side was $4.4^{\circ}C$ and the air temperature drop between the inlet and outlet of the air conditioner was $10^{\circ}C$.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1028-1034
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• 2003

The objectives of this paper are to study the effect of key parameters on the cycle performance and capacity and to estimate the cost of latent and sensible energy transportation systems. The overall conductance (UA) of each component, the ambient temperature and the absorber inlet temperature are considered the key parameters. It is concluded that COP of the solution transportation using an absorption system (STA) at ambient temperature is 10% higher than that of the conventional sensible system. It is also found that the cost of STA system can be reduced 7.5 times to that of sensible energy transportation for one year of operation with 10 km transportation distance.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1998

A theoretical model was developed to evaluate the effects of soil and airflow characteristics on the soil-air heat exchanger performances. The model, which includes three-dimensional transient energy and mass equilibrium-equation, was solved by using a computer program that uses Finite Difference Methods and Gauss-Seidel iteration computation. Energy gains, heat exchange efficiencies, and outlet air temperature are presented including the effects of soil moisture content, soil conductivity, soil thermal diffusivity, and soil initial temperature. Also, data related to the effects of airflow rate and inlet air temperature on the thermal performance of the system are presented. The results indicated that energy gains depend on soil conductivity, soil thermal diffusivity, and soil initial temperature. Heat exchange efficiencies relied on air mass flow rate and soil moisture content.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2008

In the present study, the numerical simulation has been performed to investigate K-factor for temperature variation of working fluid in spray nozzle with orifice. The commercial CFD software, Fluent with the proper modeling was applied for analyzing the internal of the spray nozzle. Numerical result for K-factor at $20^{\circ}C$ agrees with the experimental result that it applied n=0.5 within about 7% error. The pressure drop inside nozzle is showed 20% passing swirler, 70% in the region between the outlet of swirler and the orifice and 10% at the outlet of orifice. As the operating pressure is increased, K-factor is decreased by effect of flow resistance at it's inlet before pass swirler. The temperature increase of working fluid reduced the flow rate according to reducing of density, and average 1.23% decrease is showed in the present research.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제32권E호
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• pp.74-79
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• 1990

Important factors in evaluating solar collcetor efficiency are solar radiation, temperature and flow rate of the working fluid. The effects of these factors on the energy and the exergy gained by water, the working fluid, from the collector were analyzed. The results indicated that the collector efficiency and the energy and the exergy gained by the water from the collcetor increased with the increase of solar radiation. According to the exergy analysis, as the water temperature at the inlet of the collector increased, the exergy gained by the water increased while the energy gained by the water decreased. The water temperature at the outlet of the collector could be calculated with a mean error of 2.8%, and the energy and the exergy could be calculated theoretically with mean errors of 16.8% and 19.1%, respcetively.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2002

Considering the high temperature durability, the most important issue is to accurately predict the maximum operating temperature of the shell, mat and substrate. This temperature prediction then defines the material selections far the mat, shell and cones, and allows an assessment to be made as to the necessity of heat shielding. In this papers, The commercial code FLUENT was utilized to simulate automotive oval type catalytic converters, with the objective of predicting thermal behavior under steady-state, high-load conditions. Specialized computational models are used to account for effects of heat and mass transfer in the monolith, conjugate heat transfer in the various converter materials, and radiation heat transfer.