• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.238-241
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate color pattern and growth in cross progenies between kois and red common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Coverage of red color patches in skin was investigated in $koi{\times}koi$ (KK), $koi{\times}red$ common carp (KR) and red common $carp{\times}koi$ (RK) progenies in 170 days post-hatching (DPH) by analysis of digital photographs. KR cross group had higher length (P<0.05) and the mean weight than in the KK but there were no significant difference between KR and RK. All groups consisted of three color pattern white, white-red and red. The percentage of red-area coverage in skin was 64% in KK progenies, 56% in KR and 36% in RK. The red coverage (30~50%) was highly in KR (15%) than in KK (10%) and RK (12%). The application of red-area body coverage analysis may suggest potentially useful tool for ornamental fish selection.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.47-64
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• 2009

This research was to analyze the inland signal-fire which is the main facility of military protective duty for safety of land in chosun dynasty. The results of this research were described separately as follows. 1. Five types of site plan of signal-fire were observed, which is circle, oval, rectangular, indeterminate form. The majorities were oval type. 2. Plan configuration of brazier which is separated with circle, rectangular type roughly was constructed with circle type generally. The height of brazier was about 3~4.5m. The diameter of brazier was 1.5~2.5m. Building base that protect ground moisture and infilteration of rainfall was found in 5 inland singal-fire, the height of it was about 0.3m~2.5m. 3. The heigh to protective wall remained until present was about 1m, the depth was about average 1.2m. 4. Entrance was mainly stairs or open type and average width was 1.0~1.2m. However the depth was almost observed as 1m, originally, it was estimated it has more depth. 5. The storage of inland signal-fire has rectangular dimension, several types of $1.8{\times}1.2m{\sim}5.7{\times}4.4m$, square(間) of $1{\times}1{\sim}2{\times}1$. The building material was stone and located below or near the brazier.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

Increasing ozone concentrations are observed over Japan from year to year. One cause of high ozone concentration in the Kanto region, which includes areas inland from large coastal cities such as metropolitan Tokyo, is the transportation of precursors by sea breezes. However, high ozone concentrations are also observed in the morning, before sea breezes approach inland areas. In this point, there would be a possibility of residual ozone existing above the nocturnal boundary layer affects the ozone concentration in the following morning. In this study, we utilized the Weather Research and Forecasting model and the Community Multiscale Air Quality model to evaluate the effect of regional precursors and residual ozone on ozone concentrations over the inland Kanto region. The results show that precursors emitted from non-metropolitan areas affected inland ozone concentrations more than did precursors from metropolitan areas. Moreover, calculated results indicate downward transportation of residual ozone, resulting in increased concentration. The residual ozone was also affected by precursors emitted from non-metropolitan areas.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.107-118
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• 1993

Continuous increasing of impervious area due to urbanization and rainfall quantity due to environmental changes aggravate flooding risk in low land area. Therefore. Seoul municipal authorities go on securing an ample budget for reinforcement and establishment of inner water and inland drainage pumping facilities. But. there is no investment for developing optimal operation rules for appropriate application of existing facilities. In this study. fuzzy control techniques are developed. and applied to 57 stations of inner water and inland drainage pump for model assessment. In these results. fuzzy models have more efficiency in the inland flooding protection than the existing pump operation rule by water level in the same conditions.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2015

Due to red tide and abnormal currents that take place every year, the damage of inland fish farms that takes sea water is increasing frequently. Also, the households of inland fish farm due to the increase in the cost of fuel and electricity are struggling many hardships economically. In relation to underground seawater for it's farm analyzed economic effect based on the actual conditions for 1,700 inland fish farms, from this I have deduced policy implications for direction this project to be pursued from now on. The saving rate of costs of the fuel and electricity through the development of an underground seawater were approximately analyzed to decline about 3.4~9.7%, if utilizing only about 5% of the undeveloped farms, it was estimated effect of about 61 billion won, if 10%, it was estimated effect of about 122 billion won. Consideration in selecting the developer of underground seawater will be selected an character of farm method. It is expected this study will be helpful for business analysis related government in the fisheries.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.318-322
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• 2017

The study was carried out to determine the changes of growth characteristics, anthocyanidin, and brown rice yield grown at coast and inland areas apart from the east coastline of Gyeongsangbuk-do province. Number of spikelets per panicle was much more increased in inland area. Regional difference in number of spikelets per panicle was observed in Jeongjinju cultivar. Among these red rice cultivars, the highest brown rice yield was Jeongjinju rice cultivar having 702 kg in inland area and 692 ㎏ in coast area, respectively. Anthocyanidin content ranged 524 to $610{\mu}g/g$ dry weight basis. Cyanidin content was 11.4 to 14.0 times higher than that of delphinidin under coast and inland area. Anthocyanidin content was higher in rice cultivar grown at coast area. Highest head brown rice rate was only observed in Geonganghongmi to 95.2 at coast area and 95.4 inland area. In considering brown rice yield and pigment content, Hongjinju rice cultivar was recommended in optimal pigment rice cultivar in eastern coast of Gyeongsangbuk-do Province.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.11-13
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• 2009

As the quantity of goods transported, port industry and inland transport industry have developing still, but almost 80% of inland transport industry consists of ground transport. According to issue "global warming", many regulations and agreements with countries in the world are becoming necessary and it is being fulfilled now. It is sure that Korea will have duty to reduce CO2 emission from 2013. And inland transport have to cut CO2 emission down. Therefore, this paper will address that calculate CO2 emission under route of transportation container at Korea by using O/D analysis. And then, it will predict routes of transportation containers which can reduce CO2 emission.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 2020

The disease-causing koi herpes virus (KHV), also known as cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV3), causes mass mortality of koi and carp. Koi (Cyprinus carpio) is a host for KHV, one of 12 virus species in the Alloherpesviridae family. We examined the effects of KHV disease koi (KK), and on koi×red common carp (KR) and red common carp×koi (RK) cross, using a virus challenge test. The infected fish had clinical signs that included gill necrosis and skin lesions. The RK and KR were highly more resistant (cumulative mortality: RK; 6% and KR; 8%) to KHV infection than KK fish (cumulative mortality: 28%). KHV DNA was confirmed in the tissues of all dead fish in groups by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the presence of the KHV protein in kidney was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Histological analysis showed severe gill lesions and fusion of the lamellae in KK fish, but less severe damage in RK fish. In immunohistochemistry analysis, the KHV protein localized in the cytoplasm of infected kidney cells of KK, but the cross groups had lower levels of KHV antigen. Our data indicate that the cross groups had increased resistance to KHV disease.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 1990

Today, about 95% of totoal import import and export container cargo in Korea is being transported through the Busan Port. The 59% of these cargos is being handled at BCTOC and the rest is at the existing piers. As the Off-Dock Container Yards(ODCY) within Busna City are located at 33 different places, it causes serious problems in the container cargo transport and inland traffic near Busan district. The container carriers to the inland market or other terminals cause heavy traffics to the Busan Traffic System. Hence, this impacts to the cost of the cargo handling equipment and cargo storage, the usage of labor resources, the control of natural environment etc. To solve those problems, it is required to build Inland Container Depot(ICD) in the Southeastern Economic Area. In this study therefore, we try to calculate the required area of Inland Container Depot(ICD) for Busan Port which deals which deals with the container cargo. We also investigate the sites for ICD being suggested outside of Busan City. We use the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) Method to decide the best one. The result shows that the best is the Site B(Dong Myen, Yangsan Kun).

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.738-751
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• 2023

The Sembilan Archipelago is famous for its great biodiversity, in which the humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) (locally named Napoleon fish) is the primary commodity (economically important), and currently, the environmental degradation occurs due to anthropogenic activities. This study aimed to examine the eco-environmental parameters and assess their influence on the abundance of humphead wrasse and other coral reef fish compositions in the Sembilan Archipelago. Direct field monitoring was performed using a visual census throughout an approximately one km transect. Coral cover data collection and assessment were also carried out. A coastal water quality index (CWQI) was used to assess the water quality status. Furthermore, statistical-based analyses [hierarchical clustering, Pearson's correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA)] were performed to examine the correlation between eco-environmental parameters. The Napoleon fish was only found at stations 1 and 2, with a density of about 3.8 Ind/ha, aligning with the dominant composition of the family Serranidae (covering more than 15% of the total community) and coinciding with the higher coral mortality and lower reef fish abundance. The coral reef conditions were generally ideal for supporting marine life, with a living coral percentage of about > 50% in all stations. Based on CWQI, the study area is categorized as good and excellent water quality. Of the 60 parameter values examined, the phytoplankton abundance, Napoleon fish, and temperature are highly correlated, with a correlation coefficient value greater than 0.7, and statistically significant (F < 0.05). Although the adaptation of reef fish to water quality parameters varies greatly, the most influential parameters in shaping their composition in the study area are living corals, nitrites, ammonia, larval abundance, and temperature.