• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.825-830
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• 2006

Status of blood minerals and their absorption by neonate calves as influenced by fat soluble vitamins supplementation in their respective mothers, mineral supplementation in calves themselves has been evaluated. The objective was to know the impact of antioxidant vitamin supplementation to advance pregnant buffaloes, on enhanced acquired immunity during first few hours after birth, in relation to weight gain in buffalo calves. Advance pregnant buffaloes (n = 30) consisting of average body weight of $550{\pm}15$ kg and of 4-6 parity were fed on 25 kg green (green Jawar-Sorghum bicolor), 2-3 kg wheat straw and 3-4 kg concentrate mixture individually per day. Intramuscular injections of vitamin triplex A $D_3$ E consisting of -2,500,000 IU of vit A -Palmitate; 2,500,000 IU of vitamin $D_3$ and 1,000 IU of vit E (dl-alpha tocopherol acetate) were given per dose, a month prior to parturition, twice at 15 days interval to 15 dams. Rest of the 15 pregnant buffaloes served as negative controls. Secretion of immune proteins, immunoglobulin (Ig) enhanced by 80% in colostrum. The blood serum levels of Zn, Cu, Ca, Mg were measured from birth to 90 days in calves. A significant (p<0.05) difference between the blood serum Zn levels of calves born to vitamin supplemented and non-supplemented dams was measured and a positive correlation between blood serum Zn levels and injections of vitamins was identified. Association of Zn and Cu with passive immunity status has been identified in these calves. A significant positive correlation between Zn and Cu was also identified which showed a change under the impact of vitamin supplementation in buffaloes. The study signifies the role of micronutrients supplementation in dams prior to parturition, in calf immunity development. The study indicates significant mineral - vitamins interactions during this process.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2015

Objectives: Water-soluble carthami flos (WCF) is a new mixture of Carthami flos (CF) pharmacopuncture. We conducted a 4-week toxicity test of repeated intramuscular injections of WCF in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Forty male and 40 female rats were divided into 4 groups of 10 male and 10 female SD rats: The control group received 0.5 mL/animal/day of normal saline whereas the three experimental groups received WCF at doses of 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mL/animal/day, respectively. For 4 weeks, the solutions were injected into the femoral muscle of the rats alternating from side to side. Clinical signs, body weights, and food consumption were observed; opthalmological examinations and urinalyses were performed. On day 29, blood samples were taken for hematological and clinical chemistry analyses. Then, necropsy was conducted in all animals to observe weights and external and histopathological changes in the bodily organs. All data were tested using a statistical analysis system (SAS). Results: No deaths were observed. Temporary irregular respiration was observed in male rats of the experimental group for the first 10 days. Body weights, food consumptions, opthalmological examinations, urinalyses, clinical chemistry analyses, organ weights and necropsy produced no findings with toxicological meaning. In the hematological analysis, delay of prothrombin time (PT) was observed in male rats of the 0.25- and the 0.5-mL/animal/day groups. In the histopathological test, a dose-dependent inflammatory cell infiltration into the fascia and panniculitis in perimuscular tissues was observed in all animals of the experimental groups. However, those symptoms were limited to local injection points. No toxicological meanings, except localized changes, were noted. Conclusion: WCF solution has no significant toxicological meaning, but does produce localized symptoms. No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of WCF in male and female rats is expected for doses over 0.5 mL/animal/day.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1979

This paper was carried out to observe prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$-induced morphological changes in the placenta. White mice received intramuscular injections of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$(containing dinoprost tromethamine 0.5mg/ml, Upjohn Co.) in once or twice with doses of 0.1ml on 10th to 18th day of their respective pregnancies, the histological changes of the placentae and ovaries were observed with light microscope. Abortion within 21 to 51 hours following $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ administration occurred in the pregnant mice. Vacuolization of trophospongial cells, giant cells and myometrium under decidua basalis, spherical acidophilic inclusion bodies of various sixtes in trophospongial cells and giant cells. hydropic degeneration and necrosis of labyrinthine trophoblasts and yolk cells, and infltration of neutrophils in the placenta and the uterus were observed. In addition, there were decrease in glycogen of the placental labyrinth and the visceral yolk sac, but increase in glycogen deposit of mesometrial myometrium. Atrophy and increase in number of large lipid droplets of the luteal cells and proliferation of fibroblasts were also recognized in the corpora lutea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권7호
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• pp.726-731
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• 2006

목 적 : 소아의 통증을 수반하는 술기의 시술시에 진통, 진정을 위해 ketamine을 사용하는데, midazolam을 병용 투여 할 필요가 있는가에 대한 논의가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. ketamine의 근육주사의 적정용량은 국내에서 연구된 바가 없으며 저자들은 이전 연구에서 ketamine 3 mg/kg가 부족하다는 결론을 얻어 용량을 4 mg/kg로 증량하여 KMA(ketamine+midazolam+atropine)와 KA(ketamine+atropine)의 진정 및 부작용 발생여부의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2005년 1월부터 2005년 7월까지 열상처치 시 진정이 필요한 생후 3개월에서 7세까지의 60명의 소아를 대상으로 KMA군(IM ketamine 4 mg/kg+atropine 0.01 mg/kg+intramuscular midazolam 0.05 mg/kg) 혹은 KA 군(without midazolam)을 무작위로 선택하여 anxiety/tolerance scores, 합병증, 진정정도, 진정유도시간, 진정회복시간, 총 진정시간, 시술자의 만족도를 기록하였다. 결 과 : 두 군간에 성비, 체중, 연령, 상처 부위에는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며anxiety/tolerance score, 진정유도시간, 진정회복시간, 총 진정시간에는 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 효과적 진정을 보인 경우가 KA군은 66.7%, KMA군은 90.9%로 KMA군이 진정에 보다 효과적이었으며(P=0.02), 시술자의 만족도는 KA군은 55.6%, KMA군은 90.9%로 만족, 매우 만족 이상으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 의미 있는 부작용의 발생은 KA군은 37.0%, KMA군은 0.0%였다. 결 론 : 소아의 피부 열상 봉합 시 진정을 위해 근육주사를 통한 ketamine 4 mg/kg과 midazolam 및 atropine의 병용 투여는 ketamine과 atropine만을 투여하는 것보다 안전하고 효과적으로 진정을 유도할 뿐 아니라 시술자의 만족도를 높일 수 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

목 적: 체외수정시술 시 황체기 보강은 근주, 경질, 경구 등의 다양한 방법으로 이루어지고 있는데, 경구 투여법은 환자의 순응도가 높고 비교적 안전한 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 황체기 보강을 근주로 시작하여 경구 투여로 전환하는 방법의 효용성과 전환 시기에 따른 결과를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 2003년 9월부터 2009년 6월까지 분당서울대학교병원에서 체외수정시술을 시행받은 환자에서 배아 이식 후 태아 심박동까지 확인된 76주기를 대상으로 하였다. 과배란유도는 GnRH agonist long protocol (n=7) 또는 GnRH antagonist protocol (n=66)을 이용하였으며 3주기에서는 냉동배아 이식을 시행하였다. 황체기 보강을 위하여 난자 채취일부터 매일 progest in oil 50 mg을 근주하였고, 태아 심박동이 확인된 후 임신 6~7주 (n=17) 또는 8주 이후 (n=59)에 micronized progesterone (Utrogestan, Laboratoires Besins International, France) 300 mg을 매일 경구로 투여하였다. 결 과: 대상군 전체의 유산율은 3.9% (3/76)이었으며, 경구 투여 전환시의 임신 주수는 평균 8주 4일 (난자 채취일로부터 $46{\pm}5.8$일)이었다. 황체기 보강을 임신 6~7주 사이에 경구 투여로 전환한 17주기 중에서 1례의 자연유산이 확인되었으며 유산 시 주수는 9주 4일이었다. 8주 이후에 경구 투여로 전환한 59주기 중에서는 2례의 자연유산이 확인되었으며 (11주 3일, 11주 4일), 두 군의 자연유산율은 각각 5.6%와 3.4%로 두 군 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다 (p=0.678). 결 론: 체외수정시술 후 황체기 보강을 시행하는 경우 태아 심박동이 확인된 이후에 근주 투여를 경구 투여로 전환하는 방법은 비교적 낮은 유산율을 보임을 확인하였으며, 특히 8주 이전에 전환하는 것도 유용한 방법이라 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.135-141
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• 1997

The early studies demonstrated that the relative amount of FSH was important for stimulating normal ovarian activity and demonstrated the existence of a threshold level for FSH, above which follicular growth was activated. It was found that only a modest increase in circulating FSH level above the threshold (between 10 and 30%) was required to stimulate folliculogenesis. In addition, FSH is primary responsible for initiating estradiol production through the activation of the aromatase enzyme system in granulosa cells, follicular secretion and growth. LH on the other hand, plays a supportive role in ovarian steroidogenesis, stimulating the ovarian thecal cells to produce androgen, the precursor for estradiol synthesis. But there is now an increasing number of reports in the literature demonstrating an adverse effect of LH on fertility and miscarriage in infertile and fertile women. So HP-FSH is the drug of a highly purified FSH preparation which has a higher specific activity and far fewer impurities than FSH. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HP-FSH administered (SC; subcutaneous) versus FSH(IM; intramuscular) for ovulation induction. 20 candidates patients for ovulation induction were participated. All patients underwent pituitary desensitizing with a long gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocol and ovulation induction was started with HP-FSH SC (10 patients; group I) or FSH IM (10 patients; group II). After ovulation, outcome of ovulation induction and local reaction of injection site were compared. There were no difference of outcome of ovulation in two groups except pregnancy rate/embryo transfer. Group I had a higher pregnancy rate/ embryo transfer than Group II (44.4% Vs 28.6%). Pain, redness, tenderness, bruising and itching when the injection received on the first 5 days of treated (50 SC and 50 IM injections) were assessed. There were no significant difference (P>0.05) in the incidence of tenderness, bruising and itching between the IM and SC injection. But IM injection (FSH) had a tendency of higher above incidence. The number of reports of pain, redness were significantly increased in IM injection group (P<0.05). These results indicate that SC administration of HP-FSH has been shown to be as effect for superovulation as traditional gonadotropins, with an improved safety profile due to the removal of extaneous proteins.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.482-489
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• 2017

Background Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is known to have anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects and to accelerate wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PDRN could improve peripheral tissue oxygenation and angiogenesis in diabetic foot ulcers. Methods This was a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Twenty patients with a non-healing diabetic foot ulcer were randomly distributed into a control group (n=10) and a PDRN group (n=10). Initial surgical debridement and secondary surgical procedures such as a split-thickness skin graft, primary closure, or local flap were performed. Between the initial surgical debridement and secondary surgical procedures, 0.9% normal saline (3 mL) or PDRN was injected for 2 weeks by the intramuscular (1 ampule, 3 mL, 5.625 mg, 5 days per week) and perilesional routes (1 ampule, 3 mL, 5.625 mg, 2 days per week). Transcutaneous oxygen tension ($TcPO_2$) was evaluated using the Periflux System 5000 with $TcPO_2/CO_2$ unit 5040 before the injections and on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after the start of the injections. A pathologic review (hematoxylin and eosin stain) of the debrided specimens was conducted by a pathologist, and vessel density (average number of vessels per visual field) was calculated. Results Compared with the control group, the PDRN-treated group showed improvements in peripheral tissue oxygenation on day 7 (P<0.01), day 14 (P<0.001), and day 28 (P<0.001). The pathologic review of the specimens from the PDRN group showed increased angiogenesis and improved inflammation compared with the control group. No statistically significant difference was found between the control group and the PDRN group in terms of vessel density (P=0.094). Complete healing was achieved in every patient. Conclusions In this study, PDRN improved peripheral tissue oxygenation. Moreover, PDRN is thought to be effective in improving inflammation and angiogenesis in diabetic foot ulcers.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2020

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), manual acupuncture (MA), and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) are used to treat a variety of pain conditions. These non-pharmacological treatments are often thought to work through similar mechanisms, and thus should have similar effects for different types of pain. However, it is unclear if each of these treatments work equally well on each type of pain condition. The purpose of this study was to compared the effects of TENS, MA, and SCS on neuropathic, inflammatory, and non-inflammatory pain models. Methods: TENS 60 Hz, 200 ㎲, 90% motor threshold (MT), SCS was applied at 60 Hz, an intensity of 90% MT, and a 0.25 ms pulse width. MA was performed by inserting a stainless-steel needle to a depth of about 4-5 mm at the Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints on a spared nerve injury (SNI), knee joint inflammation (3% carrageenan), and non-inflammatory muscle pain (intramuscular pH 4.0 injections) in rats. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds of the paw, muscle, and/or joint were assessed before and after induction of the pain model, and daily before and after treatment. Results: The reduced withdrawal thresholds were significantly reversed by application of either TENS or SCS (P < 0.05). MA, on the other hand, increased the withdrawal threshold in animals with SNI and joint inflammation, but not chronic muscle pain. Conclusions: TENS and SCS produce similar effects in neuropathic, inflammatory and non-inflammatory muscle pain models while MA is only effective in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1331-1336
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• 2004

The present study evaluated the beneficial effect of new diabetic formula(NDF) in diabetic rats. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were used. Diabetes mellitus was induced by intramuscular injections of streptozotocin(STZ, 50㎎/㎏). The extracts of NDF were orally administered at low or high dose two times a day to fasted diabetic rats for 3 weeks. Adminstration of NDF alliviated a significant reduction in weight gain in rats with STZ-induced diabetes. Following acute and repeated treatment, low dose of NDF suppressed the blood glucose concentrations of fasted diabetic rats. Repeated adminstration of NDF for 21 days improved liver and kidney functions in diabetic rats, as indicated by decline of serum alanine aminotransferase(AL T), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine level and kidney weights. The present study showed that NDF exerted antihyperglycemic effects and alliviated liver and renal damages caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.742-747
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of mast cell and histamine as typical product of mast cell in ischemia-reperfusion injury of muscle flap using H2 receptor blocker and mast cell stabilizer. Methods: Thirty-five Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 gm were divided into four groups; Group I: Control group without ischemia, Group II: Normal saline injection group with ischemia, Group III: Cimetidine injection group with ischemia, Group IV: Sodium cromoglycate injection group with ischemia. Well established single pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous(TRAM) flap was designed in all rats and were rendered ischemia by clamping the artery for 150 minutes. All injections were applied intramuscular around gluteal area 30 minutes before reperfusion. The flap survival was evaluated at 7 days after operation. Neutrophil counts and mast cell counts were evaluated 24 hours after reperfusion. Results: The difference of skin flap survival between control group and cimetidine injection group was not significant. In the normal saline injection group flap survival was markedly decreased compared to that of control group. The muscle flap survival was similar to the results of skin flap survival. The neutrophil counts were significantly decreased in control group and sodium cromoglycate injection group than normal saline injection group. The mast cell counts were significantly decreased in cimetidine injection group and control group than both normal saline injection and sodium cromoglycate injection groups. The protective effect of sodium cromoglycate was not seen in the skin flap, but the muscle flaps showed protective effects of sodium cromoglycate compared to normal saline injection group. Conclusions: It is suggests that commonly used antihistamine(H2 receptor blocker) has protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury to skin and muscle flaps by reducing neutrophil and mast cell. The mast cell stabilizer was not effective for skin flap but, possibly, for muscle flap.