• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.42-48
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate both the single-dose intramuscular injection toxicity and the approximate lethal dose of water-soluble Carthami-flos and Cervi cornu parvum pharmacopuncture (WCFC) in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: The study was conducted at Biotoxtech Co. according to the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulation and the toxicity test guidelines of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) after approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Dosages for the control, high dose, middle dose and low dose groups were 0.5 mL/animal of saline and 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 mL/animal of WCFC, respectively. WCFC was injected into the muscle of the left femoral region by using a disposable syringe (1 mL, 26 gauge). The general symptoms and mortality were observed 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after the first injection and then daily for 14 days after the injection. The body weights of the SD rats were measured on the day of the injection (before injection) and on the third, seventh, and fourteenth days after the injection. Serum biochemical and hematologic tests, necropsy examinations, and histopathologic examinations at the injection site were performed after the observation period. Results: No deaths, abnormal clinical symptoms, or significant weight changes were observed in either male or female SD rats in the control or the test (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mL/animal) groups during the observation period. No significant differences in hematology and serum biochemistry and no macroscopic abnormalities at necropsy were found. No abnormal reactions at injection sites were noted on the topical tolerance tests. Conclusion: The results of this single-dose toxicity study show that WCFC is safe, its lethal doses in male and female SD rats being estimated to be higher than 0.5 mL/animal.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.657-667
• /
• 2016

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is one of the most severe forms of peripheral artery diseases, but current treatment strategies do not guarantee complete recovery of vascular blood flow or reduce the risk of mortality. Recently, human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to have a paracrine influence on angiogenesis in several ischemic diseases. However, little evidence is available regarding optimal cell doses and injection frequencies. Thus, the authors undertook this study to investigate the effects of cell dose and injection frequency on cell survival and paracrine effects. MSCs were injected at $10^6$ or $10^5$ per injection (high and low doses) either once (single injection) or once in two consecutive weeks (double injection) into ischemic legs. Mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after first injection. Angiogenic effects were confirmed in vitro and in vivo, and M2 macrophage infiltration into ischemic tissues and rates of limb salvage were documented. MSCs were found to induce angiogenesis through a paracrine effect in vitro, and were found to survive in ischemic muscle for up to 4 weeks dependent on cell dose and injection frequency. In addition, double high dose and low dose of MSC injections increased vessel formation, and decreased fibrosis volumes and apoptotic cell numbers, whereas a single high dose did not. Our results showed MSCs protect against ischemic injury in a paracrine manner, and suggest that increasing injection frequency is more important than MSC dosage for the treatment CLI.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.104-111
• /
• 2018

Objective:This study is to evaluate both the single-dose intravenous injection toxicity and the approximate lethal dose of Water-soluble Danggui Pharmacopuncture (WDP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Toxicity experiments were conducted at Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) laboratory in Biotoxtech Co., according to the regulations of GLP. WDP injection of dose 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mL/animal were experimental groups and normal saline injection group was control group. WDP and normal saline were injected once to 6- week old 5 male and 5 female SD rats at the tail veins at approximately 2 mL/min. During 14 days after the injection, general symptoms were observed and weight were measured. After the observation period, hematological and blood biochemical examination, macroscopic autopsy, topical resistance test at the injection area were performed. Results: RThe WDP 0.5 mL/animal injection group in 4 cases of male rats and all cases of female rats showed hematuria 30 minutes after the administration. However, after 1 hour, no more abnormal general symptoms were observed. The WDP did not affect weight, hematological and blood biochemical examination, macroscopic autopsy, and topical resistance test at the injection area. Conclusion: WDP single dose intravenous injection results showed that WDP have no toxic effects and a lethal dose of WDP should be over 0.5 mL/animal in male and female rats under the study condition. So WDP may be safe.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2006

Background: The toxicity of paraquat has been known to be caused by oxygen free radicals which leads to the lipid peroxidation and multiple organ failure. High dose vitamin C has been known to be a effective antioxidant activities against the paraquat intoxication. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of regular injection of high dose vitamin C on liver damage in paraquat poisoned rat model. Method: Fifty five rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into three groups: control group, only intraperitoneally injected saline; paraquat group, single dose intraperitoneally injected paraquat(24.5%, 40 mg/kg) and every 8 hours injected saline; paraquat and vitamin C group, single dose intraperitoneally injected paraquat(24.5%, 40 mg/kg) and every 8 hours injected vitamin C(72 mg/kg). Rats were sacrificed on the 12 hours, 1st day, 2nd day, 4th day, 7th day after injection and liver tissue was obtained. H&E(Hematoxylin & Eosin) stain and Masson's trichrome stain for collagen fiber detection were undertaken. The results were observed using the microscope. Results: 1. There were no differences between control and experimental group at the 12hours after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. 2. There were significantly decreased liver damage in experimental group in the 1st day after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. 3. There were significantly increased recovery of liver damage with time in experimental group after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. Conclusion: These results suggest that regular injection of high dose vitamin C is effective in decreasing liver damage in paraquat intoxication.

• 대한음성언어의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한음성언어의학회 2002년도 제16회 학술대회
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2002

Botulinum toxin-A, a neurotoxin derived from Clostridia Botulinum, has been injected into the laryngeal muscle(s) for the treatment of the spasmodic dysphonia at the Voice Clinic, Yonsei Institute of Logopedics and phoniatrics since December 1995. We analyzed 355 patients with spasmodic dysphonia, using Botox register review. In the 355 patients, female is 86.8%. male is 13.2%. 305 patients (85.9%) had adductor type of spasmodic dysphonia and 35 patients (9.9%) were vocal tremor type and 15 patients were abduction and mixed type. Botulinum toxin type-A (Botox) injection using EMG was most frequently conducted as 587 cases, comparing with flexible nasopharyngoscopy gudied injection (68cases) and tele- laryn-goscopy guided injection (31cases). In the respect of frequency of Botox injection, 137 patients(38.6%) were injected one time but 1 patient was injected 17times. The mean dose of Botox is 6.2U. Clinically, initial dose of Botulinum toxin-A was high dose (7-8U) but current dose is small dose (3U). And the mean duration of Botox injection is 6.4 month. In conclusion, to optimize effect of the treatment for spasmodic dysphonia, Botulinum toxin-A injection is combined with voice therapy.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.60-66
• /
• 2015

Objectives: This study was carried out in order to find both the single-dose intramuscular injection toxicity and the approximate lethal dose of samjeong pharmacopuncture (SP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: The SD rats in this study were divided into four groups, one control group (1.0 mL/animal, normal saline) and three experimental groups (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mL/animal, SP). All groups consisted of five male and five female rats. SP was injected as a single-dose intramuscularly at the thigh. After the injection, general symptoms and weight were observed for 14 days. After the observations had ended, hematologic and serum biochemical examinations, necropsy and a local tolerance test at the injection site were performed. The experiments were carried out at the Good Laboratory Practice firm, Biotoxtech Co. (Cheongwon, Chungbuk). Animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee (Approval Number: 130379). Results: No deaths occurred in any of the three experimental groups. The injection of SP had no effects on the general symptoms, body weights, results of the hematologic, and serum biochemical examinations, and necropsy findings. In local tolerance tests at the injection sites, mild inflammation was observed in the experimental group, but it did not appear to be a treatment related effect. Conclusion: Under the conditions of this test, the results from the injection of SP suggest that the approximate lethal dose of SP is above 1.0 mL/animal for both male and female SD rats. Therefore, the clinical use of SP is thought to be safe.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.95-108
• /
• 2004

Objective: We made the genital organs inflammatory mice model by vaginal injection of Lipopolysaccharide(LPS), and we intended to make study about anti-inflammatory effects of Gangyeong-Tang, among oral and rectal medication and Herbal-Acupuncture treatment. Method: The female ICR(20-30g) mice were used, the temperature was controlled within $22{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and water and food was not limited. The environment was manipulated to simulate 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night. After LPS injection into vagina, we confirmed on-set of inflammation. 2 days before LPS injection, we started to medicate Gangyeong-Tang in Oral and Rectal and Aqua-acupucture treatment. After 3days from LPS injection, we mesured the White Blood Cell(WBC), Interrleukin-6(IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) in blood which was collected from the Retro-orbital Plexus. Results: 1. We made the genital organs inflammatory mice model by vaginal injection of LPS successfully. 2. The number of WBC was decreased significantly as we medicated Gangyeong- Tang in Oral 1g/kg dose, 3g/kg dose and Rectal 1g/kg dose, rectal 3g/kg dose. 3. The concentration of IL-6 was decreased significantly as we medicated Gangyeong-Tang in all group of the Oral, Rectal, Herbal-Acupuncture treatment. 4. The concentration of TNF-${\alpha}$ was decreased significantly as we medicated Gangyeong-Tang in Oral 3g/kg dose and Rectal 1g/kg dose, Rectal 3g/kg dose group. Herbal-Acupuncture treatment group datas showed reductive tendency. Conclusion: As a result of this experiment, we made the genital organs inflammatory mice model by vaginal injection of LPS successfully and demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect of Gangyeong-Tang.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2021

Intra-articular injection of ELHLD peptide is considered to have a therapeutic effect in osteoarthritis (OA) through the inhibition of transforming growth factor-β1. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of intra-articular injections of high-dose ELHLD peptide (100 ㎍/kg) in canine stifle OA. Six client-owned dogs diagnosed with stifle OA were included. Selected dogs were treated with an intra-articular injection of high-dose ELHLD peptide (100 ㎍/kg). Outcome measures, including orthopedic examination, gait analysis, and Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) score, were evaluated four times after injection. Orthopedic examination, gait analysis, and owner's assessment (CBPI) improved significantly from 4 weeks after injection. In conclusion, we obtained sufficient evidence from this small sample that high-dose ELHLD peptide improves clinical signs of canine OA not only through subjective assessment but also through objective evaluation.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2013

To be investigated and measures to reduce the medical exposure of patients to change the Epidural Injection time Fluoroscopy Pulse Rate in this study. Was conducted in 50 patients who underwent surgery Epidural Injection performed by interventional care of Konkuk University Hospital from January to April 2013. The treatment time with the change of Pulse rate, is measured in minutes fluoroscopy time, and measured the area dose (${\mu}Gym^2$) and depth dose (mGy). Using the Image J program, to measure the PSNR and SNR. The fluoroscopy time as a result surgery, there was no significance in the statistical analysis, and depth dose is 34.3 to 34.9%, was reduced from 35.8 to 38.7% the area dose. It is possible to reduce the appropriate Pulse rate, to reduce the dose without statistical analysis significance fluoroscopy time.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제55권1호
• /
• pp.248-253
• /
• 2023

Directly, it is not possible to measure the absorbed dose of radiopharmaceuticals in the organs of the human body. Therefore, simulation methods are utilized to estimate the dose in distinct organs. In this study, individual organs were separately considered as the source organ or target organ to calculate the mean absorption dose, which SAF and S factors were then calculated according to the target uptake via MIRD method. Here, ^99mTc activity distribution within the target was analyzed using the definition and simulation of ideal organs by summing the fraction of cumulative activities of the heart as source organ. Thus, GATE code was utilized to simulate the Zubal humanoid phantom. To validate the outcomes in comparison to the similar results reported, the accumulation of activity in the main organs of the body was calculated at the moment of injection and cardiac rest condition after 60 min of injection. The results showed the highest dose absorbed into pancreas was about 21%, then gallbladder 18%, kidney 16%, spleen 15%, heart 8%, liver 8%, thyroid 7%, lungs 5% and brain 2%, respectively, after 1 h of injection. This distinct simulation model may also be used for different periods after injection and modifying the prescribed dose.