• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2011

This study was to investigate the effects of Gyeonbi-Tang Treatment on the monosodium iodoacetate(MIA)-induced mild osteoarthritis in rats. Arthritis was induced by injection of MIA(0.25 mg) into knee joints of rats. Arthritic rats were divided into control(n=8) and treated(n=8) group. Control group was taken distilled water and treated group was taken extracts of Gyeonbi-Tang by orally for 20days. Body weights were measured at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 days after MIA injection. At the end of experiment(20day after MIA injection), gross and histopathological examination on the articular structures of knee joints were performed. Proteoglycan(PG) contents in articular cartilages were analysed. And also, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-1${\beta}$(IL-1${\beta}$) contents in synovial fluids were measured by ELISA method. Body weights of the treated group were significantly increased compared with control group at 15, 20 days after injection. Grossly, the severity of osteoarthritis in the treated group were alleviated compared with control group. PG contents in articular cartilages of the treated group were increased compared with control group. Histopathologically, osteoarthritic scores of the treated group was decreased compared with the control group. TNF-${\alpha}$ contents in synovial fluids of the treated group were significantly decreased compared with control group. On the basis of these results, we concluded that Gyeonbi-Tang Treatment has anti-arthritic effects on the monosodium iodoacetate-induced mild osteoarthritis in rats. And it's effects were related with reduced secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$ from synovial membranes.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2021

In this study, a fish metabolic accelerator (a combination of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin [BPC]) was injected into the muscle of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, to investigate its effect on immunity and stress in fish maintained at low temperatures. A single dose of BPC was injected (100 mg/kg body weight) into the olive flounder, and its immunity and stress were observed after one and two weeks. Immunity tests revealed the presence of lysozyme (LZM), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), anti-protease (AP), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total immunoglobulin (TIg). BPC injection was found to increase immunity activity compared to the control group. In particular, there was significantly high GPx activity. There was similarly high activity for MPO and GPx in the first week following the injection, followed by significant differences between the BPC-injected and control groups in the second week. There was a reduced low water-temperature stress response in the BPC-injected fish, as evidenced by the cortisol and glucose levels of the control and BPC groups. Lower levels were also observed in the BPC group than the control group during the second week. Cortisol levels were significantly lower in the BPC group than the control group. Histological examinations were conducted in the first and second weeks after the intramuscular injection of the recommended BPC dose to confirm the safety of BPC in aquaculture. There were no abnormalities observed in any tissue samples. This study confirms that the injection of BPC is safe even when used in a culture situation. BPC helps relieve stress and improves non-specific immune responses (innate immunity) in the olive flounder.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2020

To meet stringent emission regulations of automotive engines, fuel injection control techniques have advanced based on reliable and fast computing prediction models. This study aims to develop a reliable lightweight prediction model of fuel injection rates using a small number of input parameters and based on simple fluid dynamic theories. The prediction model uses the geometry of the injector nozzle, needle motion data, injection conditions and the fuel properties. A commercial diesel injector and US No. 2 diesel were used as the test injector and fuel, respectively. The needle motion data were measured using X-ray phase-contrast imaging technique under various fuel injection pressures and injection pulse durations. The actual injector rate profiles were measured using an injection rate meter for the validation of the model prediction results. In the case of long injection durations with the steady-state operation, the model prediction results showed over 99 % consistency with the measurement results. However, in the case of short injection cases with the transient operation, the prediction model overestimated the injection rate that needs to be further improved.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

현재 콘크리트 구조물의 보수에서 품질의 검사 기준이 없는 상태에서, 단순한 경험에 의한 보수는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 이 논문은 균열폭과 주입량, 균열폭과 주입시간, 균열폭과 주입압력, 균열폭과 주입압력과 주입시간, 구조물 규모와 주입량, 구조물 별 균열 위치와 주입량, 균열폭 및 구조물 두께와 주입시간과의 관계를 분석하였다. 분석한 결과에서 얻은 자료는 콘크리트 구조물의 보수에 대한 체계적인 품질관리에 도움이 될 것이라 생각한다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2024

This study explores the rate of injection (ROI) and injection quantities of a solenoid-type high-pressure injector under varying conditions by integrating experimental methods with machine learning (ML) techniques. Experimental data for fuel injection were obtained using a Zeuch-based HDA Moehwald injection rate measurement system, which served as the foundation for developing a machine learning model. An artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to predict the ROI, ensuring accurate representation of injection behaviors and patterns. The present study examines the impact of ambient conditions, including chamber temperature, chamber pressure, and injection pressure, on the transient profiles of the ROI, quasi-steady ROI, and injection duration. Results indicate that increasing the injection pressure significantly increases ROI, with chamber pressure affecting its initial rising peak. However, the chamber temperature effect on ROI is minimal. The trained ANN model, incorporating three input conditions, accurately reflected experimental measurements and demonstrated expected trends and patterns. This model facilitates the prediction of various ROI profiles without the need for additional experiments, significantly reducing the cost and time required for developing injection control systems in next-generation aero-engine combustors.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.202-205
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• 2005

본 연구는 개에서 위수혈(BL-21) 및 중완혈(CV-12)에 대한 지침의 구토억제효과를 규명할 목적으로 수행하였다. 사용 혈위는 BL-21 및 CV-12이었다. 각 군에서 구토 유발을 위하여 $2{\%}$ xylazine(2.2 mg/kg)을 투여하였으며, metoclopramide 수침은 1 mg/kg의 비율로 해당 혈위에 각각 수침하였다 대조군 및 실험군에 있어서 xylazine 투여 20분전에 BL-21 및 CV-12에 자침, metoclopramide 수침 및 뜸 처치를 각각 실시하였다. 대조군 및 실험군에서 구토율 및 구토발현시간을 각각 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다. BL-21자침군, CV-12 자침군 및 BL-21과 CV-12 병용 자침군의 구토율은 각각 $33.3{\%}\;50.0{\%}$ 및 $33.3{\%}$로서 대조군($66.7{\%}$)보다 낮았다. BL-21 자침군, CV-12 자침군 및 BL-21과 CV-12 병용 자침군에 있어서 구토 발현 시간은 대조군과 유사하였다. BL-21 수침군 및 CV-12 수침군의 구토 억제율은 각각 $100{\%}$ 및 $83.6{\%}$로서 수침군의 대조군($63.6{\%}$)보다 높았다. 구토발현시간은 수침군의 BL-21 수침군은 0분이었으며, CV-12 수침군은 5분으로서 수침군의 대조군과 유사하였다. BL-21 뜸 처치군 및 CV-12뜸 처치군의 구토율은 각각 $33.3{\%}$로서 뜸 처치군의 대조군($66.7{\%}$)보다 낮았다. 구토발현시간은 뜸 처치군의 대조군 $2{\~}4$분, BL-21 뜸 처치군이 $2{\~}4$분 및 CV-12 뜸 처치군이 $2{\~}3$분으로서 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 개에서 $2{\%}$ xylazine 투여로 유발된 구토에 대한 BL-21 및 CV-12의 자침, metoclopramide 수침 및 뜸 처치가 각각 구토 억제에 효과적이었으며, 또한 이들 중 BL-21에 대한 metoclopramide 수침의 구토억제 효과가 가장 우수하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.719-726
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• 2015

This paper presents a velocity-synchronizing control for the multiple axes of an injection unit; based on MBS, a virtual design model has been developed for the multiple-axes servomechanism. Prior to the design of the controller, a linear plant model was derived via open-loop response simulations. To synchronize the motions of the multiple axes, a cross-type synchronizing controller was designed and combined with the PID control to accommodate any parameter mismatches among the multiple axes. From the tracking control simulations, a significant reduction of both velocity-tracking and position-tracking errors was achieved through the use of the proposed control scheme.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2005년도 창립60주년 기념 추계 학술대회
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• pp.109.1-109.1
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• 2005

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.1013-1018
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• 2008

For a sequential port fuel injection natural gas engine, its combustion and emission characteristics at low loads are crucial to meet light duty vehicle emission regulations. Fuel injection timing is an important parameter related to the mixture formation in the cylinder. Its effect on the combustion and emission characteristics of a natural gas engine were investigated at 0.2 MPa brake mean effective pressure (BMEP)/2000 rpm and 0.26 MPa BMEP/1500 rpm. The results show that early fuel injection timing is beneficial to the reduction of the coefficient of variation (COV) of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) under lean burn conditions and to extending the lean burn limits at the given loads. When relative air/fuel ratio is over 1.3, fuel injection timing has a relatively large effect on engine.out emissions. The levels of NOx emissions are more sensitive to the fuel injection timing at 0.26 MPa BMEP/1500 rpm. An early fuel injection timing under lean burn conditions can be used to control engine out NOx emissions.

• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2005

In this paper, we investigated the possibility of replicating patterned media by nano-injection molding process with a metallic nano-stamper. The original nano-master was fabricated by E-beam lithography and ICP etching process. The metallic nano-stamper was fabricated using a nanoimprint lithography and nano-electroforming process. The nano-patterned substrate was replicated using a nano-injection molding process without additional etching process. In nano-injection molding process, since the solidified layer, generated during the polymer filling, deteriorates transcribability of nano patterns by preventing the polymer melt from filling the nano cavities, an injection-mold system was constructed to actively control the stamper surface temperature using MEMS heater and sensors. The replicated polymeric patterns using nano-injection molding process were as small as 50 nm in diameter, 150 nm in pitch, and 50 nm in depth. The replicated polymeric patterns can be applied to high density patterned media.