• Plant Biotechnology Reports
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 2010

Guggulsterone, a hypolipidemic natural agent, is produced in resin canals of the plant Commiphora wightii. In this study, the stimulatory effects of growth retardants [ALAR (N,N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid) and CCC (chlormequat chloride)] and fungal elicitor on guggulsterone accumulation in cell cultures of C. wightii are reported. CCC at $1\;mg\;l^{-1}$ enhanced guggulsterone content (${\sim}123\;{\mu}g\;l^{-1})$ when added on the fifth day after inoculation, while ALAR at $2.5\;{\mu}g\;l^{-1}$ increased guggulsterone content (${\sim}116\;{\mu}g\;l^{-1}$) when added on the tenth day. In a two-stage fed-batch process, combined treatment with fungal elicitor and growth retardant caused a significant increase (${\sim}353\;{\mu}g\;l^{-1}$) in guggulsterone content in cell cultures after 17 days of growth. This represents an approximately fivefold increase over the guggulsterone contents in initial cultures of this plant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.90-94
• /
• 2002

In this paper, Compression in the case where dissimilar blocks are twinned variously are carried out in the condition of lubricated interface. The degree of growth is experimentally investigated. Moreover, numerical simulations are carried out by the elastic-plastic FEM for the case of the dissimilar blocks with the initial sawtooth angle of 60。. The dissimilar blocks are twinned, larger difference between material properties leads smaller growth, and the degreased interface leads smaller growth than that in the lubricated one. Furthermore, by the simulation of compression where dissimilar blocks are twinned, it is confirmed that the tendency of the general deformation pattern is very similar to the experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.587-593
• /
• 1995

Abnomal grain growth behavior of BaTiO3 ceramics was investigated with addition of seed grains. It was foudn that the nucleation rate of abnormal grain was constant and growth of abnormal grain was linearly increased with sitnering time, regardless of amount of seed grains. These facts were also confirmed by fitting of the volume fraction of abnormal grain vs. sintering time using Avrami type equation (n=4). It was suggested that seed grains did not change the nucleation rate or growth mechanism of abnormal grain but increase the number of abnormal grains at initial stage of sintering and then it led to fine microstructure of BaTiO3 ceramics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
• /
• 2006.09a
• /
• pp.336-337
• /
• 2006

During sintering of cemented carbides abnormal grain growth is often observed but cannot be understood from the classical LSW-theory. A model based on 2-D nucleation of new crystalline layers and a grain-size distribution function is formulated and the equations are solved numerically. Experimental studies and computer simulations show that the initial grain size distribution has a strong effect on the grain growth behavior. For example, a fine-grained powder can grow past a coarser powder.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.595-602
• /
• 2023

Feed processing methods can substantially enhance the nutrient value of feed. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of mash or crumble feed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, back-fat thickness, and carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs. In total, 50 ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) growing pigs with initial body weight of 46.24 ± 3.57 kg were randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups. The two dietary treatments were: 1) mash and 2) crumble feed forms for 14 weeks of trials. Five replication pens per treatment, comprised five pigs (2 males and 3 females) each. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, back-fat thickness, and carcass quality were observed at different weeks. There were no significant differences in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, back-fat thickness, and carcass quality throughout the experimental trial. Further study is required to understand the effects of mash and crumble feed on growing-finishing pigs.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.191-195
• /
• 2010

We have investigated the effect of the removal of an initial oxide layer and the anodization time on the growth of the porous alumina layer. The porous alumina layer was fabricated by two-step anodization process with phosphoric acid. We have observed the changes in the uniformity of the pore structure by varying the removing time of the initial oxide layer after the first anodization with phosphoric acid and chromic acid, and noted that its uniformity improves with the removing time. We have also determined the thickness of the alumina layer after the final anodization process and found that the thickness increases linearly with the anodization time. Under 150 V of anodization voltage with phosphoric acid, the growth rate of the porous alumina layer is determined to be 22.5 nm/min.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.104-112
• /
• 2006

Population growths of earthworm were investigated when the earthworm populations with different levels of initial densities per unit area were fed with cow dung mixed with paper mill sludge. The tested levels of earthworm densities were as follows; $1kg/m^2$, $2kg/m^2$, $3kg/m^2$, $5kg/m^2$. There were no significant differences in population growth rates 60 and 90 days after feed supply among the tested densities of earthworm. Therefore, it was suggested that initial densities of earthworm populations per unit area higher than $3kg/m^2$ should not be favorable because of the cost for purchasing earthworm. Vermicomposting rates of earthworm on feed were also investigated when different amounts of feed were supplied repeatedly to unit area of nursery bed with $5kg/m^2$ of initial densities earthworm populations. The tested amounts of feed at each supplying time were as follows; $16kg/m^2$, $24kg/m^2$, $32kg/m^2$, $40kg/m^2$. The more the amount of feed at each supplying time, the higher vermicomposting rate and population growth rate. Therefore, it should be more favorable for earthworm breeders to supply more than $40kg/m^2$ of feed at each supplying time, because it would reduce time and labor cost.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.23.1-23.7
• /
• 2016

The effects of daily feeding frequency (Exp I), water temperature (Exp II), and stocking density (Exp III) on the growth of river puffer, Takifugu obscurus, juvenile fish of 10 and 40 g in body weight were examined to develop effective techniques to produce river puffer in a non-exchange water system. In Exp I, fish were fed commercial floating feed with 45 % protein one to five times per day to apparent satiation each by hand daily for 8 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$. In both the 10- and 40-g size groups, the final body weight, daily feed consumption, and weight gain of fish fed one meal per day were significantly lower than those of fish fed five meals per day (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the final body weight, daily feed consumption, and weight gain among fish fed two, three, and five meals per day. Feed efficiency showed decreasing tendency with increasing size of fish. In Exp II, fish of 10 and 40 g in initial body weight were reared with the commercial feed at $15-30^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. The weight gain of fish increased with raising water temperature up to $25^{\circ}C$ and decreased drastically at $30^{\circ}C$ for both sizes. The Q10 of specific growth rate was decreased with raising water temperature from 5.04 (temperature interval, $15-20^{\circ}C$) to 0.66 ($25-30^{\circ}C$) for the 10-g fish and from 4.98 to 0.31 for the 40-g fish. In Exp III, the effect of stocking density on growth was examined with fish of 10 and 40 g in initial body weight. The final body weight for initial stocking densities of 4, 8, and $12kg/m^3$ was significantly higher than that of $20kg/m^3$ for the 10-g fish, and the final stocking density reached 10.1, 19.2, 28.7, and $39.9kg/m^3$, respectively. For the 40-g fish, the final body weight for initial stocking densities of 3 and $6kg/m^3$ was significantly higher than that of 9 and $15kg/m^3$ and the final stocking density reached 7.38, 13.5, 17.1, and $27.5kg/m^3$, respectively (P < 0.05). In both groups, weight gain tended to decrease with increasing stocking density; however, survival showed no significant difference.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.12
• /
• pp.1763-1770
• /
• 2011

Fifty-six [(Duroc${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Landrace] pigs with an average initial BW of 19.3${\pm}$0.17 kg were used in this 15-wk growth experiment to investigate the effects of grape pomace fermented by Saccharomyces boulardii on pig growth performance, nutrient digestibility and quality attributes of pork. Pigs were allotted to 2 dietary treatments (7 replications) based on their initial BW in a randomized complete block design. The experimental treatments were: i) control (CON; basal diet), ii) FGPP (CON+30 g/kg fermented grape pomace product). Dietary FGPP improved (p<0.05) average daily gain (ADG), coefficient apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) during 35-70 d of the experiment. Similarly, pigs fed the FGPP supplemented diet had a higher N digestibility (p<0.05) in the finisher phase (day 71-105). Dietary FGPP increased (p<0.05) the marbling score, the redness ($a^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$) values, as well as the anti-oxidative ability (lower TBARS). The inclusion of FGPP reduced palmitic acid (C:16:0), stearic acid (C:18:0), arachidic acid (C:20:0) and SFA levels (p<0.05) in subcutaneous fat. An increased (p<0.05) linoleic acid (C18:2n6), total PUFA and PUFA/SFA ratio were observed in the FGPP group. Dietary FGPP supplementation decreased the arachidic acid (C:20:0) level in longissimus muscle (LM). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of FGPP at the level of 30 g/kg improved the growth performance, nutrients digestibility and altered the fatty acid pattern in the subcutaneous fat as well as some attributes of pork meat.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.223-228
• /
• 2011

The effects of pH, glycerol concentration and salt on cell growth and ethanol production using Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC 2190 were evaluated in the anaerobic culture condition. In condition of initial pH 5, cell growth and ethanol production were highest. An initial concentration of 10 g/L of pure glycerol gave the highest cell growth and ethanol production. However, in case of over 15 g/L of pure glycerol, they decreased. The cell growth and ethanol production decreased with the increase of salt concentration. When 10 g/L of crude glycerol was used as the carbon source, the cell growth and ethanol production were $1.32\;OD_{600}$ and 3.95 g/L, respectively, which were about 94.4% and 88.5% compared to those of pure glycerol. These result indicates that the crude glycerol produced in the biodiesel manufacturing process maybe useful as a potential carbon source for ethanol production form Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC 2190.