• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.325-333
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• 2016

This study was conducted to provide the base line for the use of prophylactic antibiotics and the standard of antibiotic use and the evaluation based on analysis of current use, quality assessment and periodic changes of prophylactic antibiotics in a university hospital. We chose the year 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2014 as the study periods since the primary evaluation on the first year of implementation in 2007. For this study, healthcare benefit quality assessment data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service was used. We analyzed the differences each year of treatment period; one category for initial treatment timing, three categories for selecting antibiotics, and two categories for the length of treatment from multiple evaluation indices of gastric surgeries, colorectal surgeries, and cholecystectomy. The analysis revealed the followings: Regarding length of antibiotics treatment, total days of treatment decreased down to 1.5, 1.5, and 0.6 days in the year 2014, from 13.5, 12.8, and 6.9 days in the year 2007, for gastric surgeries, colorectal surgeries, and cholecystectomy. Based on these outcomes, the efforts to devise efficient delivery and distribution of the recommendations or indices which medical staff could adhere for quality improvement of the prophylactic antibiotics would be necessary. Also implementing monitoring system to help the hospitals to acknowledge their own faults may be helpful.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.329-338
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• 2014

Today, one of the important factors that determine the university rating is the employment rate. The jobseekers are using online or offline recruiting services in order to get the desired job information. There are lots of employment supporting systems as like web-based employment agencies and University's job centers, but they are focusing more on providing job information rather than on managing the employment support. In addition, those are insufficient to support business process associated with MOU companies, industry field training, mentoring processors, etc., and to continue to manage and to update the information (resume, personal statement, etc.) about the students which the companies want, and the information about the companies which jobseekers want. Therefore, it is required that the employment supporting system which not only storages the initial data (student and corporate information), but also assist the career placement. In this paper, we considered the specific employment rights management features of the existing employment support system, it could receive real-time job information in the smart phone, we presented the design and construction of the system linked to the Bachelor Information System.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.539-551
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the changing pattern of forest insect communities in 2013 after harvesting of forest in 2012, and provide a basic data for the method of efficient management for preservation of forest biodiversity. Five types of cutting method in pine tree forest were selected to compare the coleopteran insect communities at Hajang-myeon, Gangwon-do, Korea, in 2013. In this study, we investigated the effects of timber harvest with green-tree retention on coleopteran insects. They were sampled with Lindgren funnel traps for five experimental sites during July to October, 2013. A total of 1,112 individuals in 156 species of 40 families by Lindgren funnel traps. Also, the analysis of coleopteran insects community was performed. Although the difference of density is not prominent among the survey areas in the early stages, it was appeared a tendency to increase in density and abundance of insects in the experimented sites excluding the control areas. Among them, strip clear-cutting area showed a increase of density and abundance in this study.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.131-138
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• 1974

Sera from male Spague-Dawley rats, exposed to $30\\pm 0.5^\\circ C$ for 240 hours or $33\\pm 0.5^\\circ C$ for 64 hours, were assayed for the activities of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(SGPT) at various time during the heat exposure. 1. When compared to control animals maintained at $23\\pm 1^\\circ C$, the animals exposed to $30\\pm 0.5^\\circ C$ ro $33\\pm 0.5^\\circ C$ showed a significant increase in SGOT and SGPT activities, 2. The SGOT activity incressed at 16 and 72 hours after the exposure to $30^\\circ C$, and at 30 and 64 hours after the exposure to $33^\\circ C$. After 72 hours, the activity returned to the initial value in case of $30^\\circ C$ exposure. 3. The SGPT activity increased significantly as early as 4 hours after the exposure to $30^\\circ C$ or $33^\\circ C$. It was also high at 16 hours after the exposure. The activity was also high at 72 hours and at 64 hours after the exposure to $30^\\circ C$ and $33^\\circ C$ respectively. After 144 hours, SGPT level increased slightly in the case of $30^\\circ C$ exposure. 4. The activities of SGOT and SGPT were significantly higher in rats exposed to $33^\\circ C$ at 16, 30, and 64 hours than those exposed to $30^\\circ C$. 5. It may be inferred from above data that the prolonged heat exposed rat has the abnormal metabolism of transamination.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2005

The granitoids in the Mt. Geumjeong, Busan can be divided into granodiorite, hornblende granite, adamellite, tonalite, biotite granite and micrographic granite. The geochemical characteristics of the Mt. Geumjeong granites indicate that they were crystallized from a calc-alkaline series and that they belong to Ⅰ-type granitic rocks which evolved from granodioritic magma into hornblende granite, adamellite, biotitie granite, and finally micrographic granite through fractional crystallization of plagioclase. The crystallization pressures and temperatures of the minimum melt compositions of the granitic rocks were estimated to about 1∼5 kbar and 720∼700℃. The trace element composition and REE patterns, characterized by a high LILE/HFSE ratio and enrichments in LREE, indicate typical continental margin arc calc-alkaline rocks produced in the subduction environment. The Rb-Sr isotopic data for the Mt. Geumjeong granites define a well-defined isochron yielding as age of 69.6±1.9 Ma with an initial Sr isotopic ratio of 0.70503.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2008

The majority of the described experimental results deal with relatively pure aluminium. Variations were made in the pretreatment of the aluminum substrates and an investigation was performed on the resulting changes in oxide layer composition and chemistry. Subsequently, the bonding behavior of the surfaces was investigated by using model adhesion molecules. These molecules were chosen to represent the bonding functionality of an organic polymer. They were applied onto the pretreated surfaces as a monolayer and the bonding behavior was studied using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. A direct and clear relation was found between the hydroxyl fraction on the oxide surfaces and the amount of molecules that subsequently bonded to the surface. Moreover, it was found that most bonds between the oxide surface and organic functional groups are not stable in the presence of water. The best performance was obtained using molecules, which are capable of chemisorption with the oxide surface. Finally, it was found that freshly prepared relatively pure aluminum substrates, which are left in air, rapidly lose their bonding capacity towards organic functional groups. This can be attributed to the adsorption of contamination and water to the oxide surface. In addition the adhesion of a typical epoxy-coated aluminum system was investigated during exposure to water at different temperatures. The coating was found to quite rapidly lose its adhesion upon exposure to water. This rapid loss of adhesion corresponds well with the data where it was demonstrated that the studied epoxy coating only bonds through physisorptive hydrogen bonding, these bonds not being stable in the presence of water. After the initial loss the adhesion of the coating was however found to recover again and even exceeded the adhesion prior to exposure. The improvement could be ascribed to the growth of a thin oxyhydroxide layer on the aluminum substrate, which forms a new, water-stable and stronger bond with the epoxy coating. Two routes for improvement of adhesion are finally decribed including an interphasial polymeric thin layer and a treatment in boiling water of the substrate before coating takes place. The adhesion properties were finely also studied as a function of the Mg content of the alloys. It was shown that an enrichment of Mg in the oxide could take place when Mg containing alloys are heat-treated. It is expected that for these alloys the (hydr)oxide fraction also depends on the pre-treatment and on the distribution of magnesium as compared to the aluminium hydroxides, with a direct impact on adhesive properties.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.704-716
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• 2012

This paper provides a detailed account of pilot testing conducted at South Lake Tahoe (California), the Ddukdo (Seoul) water treatment plant (WTP) and the Bokjung (Seongnam) WTP between February, 2010, and February, 2012. The objectives were first, to characterize the reactions of ozone with hydrogen peroxide (Peroxone) for Han River water following sand filtration, second to determine empirical ozone and hydrogen peroxide doses to remove a taste-and-odor surrogate 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) using an advanced oxidation process (AOP) configuration and third, to determine the optimum dosing configuration to reduce residual ozone to a safe level at the exit of the process. The testing was performed in a real-time plant environment at both low- and high seasonal water temperatures. Experimental results including ozone decomposition rates were dependent on temperature and pH, consistent with data reported by other researchers. MIB in post-sand-filtration water was spiked to 40-50 ng/L, and in all cases, it was reduced to below the specified target level (7 ng/liter) and typically non-detect (ND). It was demonstrated that Peroxone could achieve both MIB removal and low effluent ozone residual at ozone+hydrogen peroxide doses less than those for ozone alone. An empirical predictive model, suitable for use by design engineers and operating personnel and for incorporation in plant control systems was developed. Due to a significant reduction in the ozone reaction/decomposition at low winter temperatures, results demonstrate the hydrogen peroxide can be "pre-conditioned" in order to increase initial reaction rates and achieve lower ozone residuals. Results also indicate the method, location and composition of hydrogen peroxide injection is critical to successful implementation of Peroxone without using excessive chemicals or degrading performance.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 1997

In this study, germination characteristics and effect of some chemicals on germination of Trapa japonica $F_{EROV}$ seeds were investigated to obtain a fundamental data for controlling them. When the seeds were stored at low temperature for at least 3 months, their dormancy was completely released with a germinability of above 90%. However, those stored under the room or high temperature condition were never germinated. Germination was best at constant temperature of around $25^{\circ}C$ or at alternate temperature of 25/$15^{\circ}C$ (12 hr-day/12 hr-night), and was nat dependent on light. They could germinate though planted at the depth of 15 cm, but their initial growth were: suppressed with increase of planting depth, especially above 10 cm depth. Germinability was lost when the fresh weight was decreased more than 30%, indicating that the seed is sensitive to dehydration. The freezing at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr didn't affect germination, but 5 hr treatment completely killed them. Their germination was inhibited by 100% at 100 ppm ABA and slightly inhibited above 25 ppm of butachlor, whereas pyrazosulfuron-ethylnt is likely to control T. japonica physically and herbicide treatment to inhibit germination may not be recommendatory. and bensulfuron-methyl didn't inhibit the germination at the concentration of 100 ppm. Taken together, dehydration treatme is likely to control T. japonica physically and herbicide treatment to inhibit germination may not be recommendatory.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.446-457
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• 2012

Recently, BIM(Building Information Modeling),which has been an issue in construction work, has been focused on as a new alternative of building industry for way out of crisis by slowing down and decreasing of orders in construction industry. Research for introducing BIM to the architectural field is already proceeding actively at home and abroad. However, civil engineering is so nonrecurring, horizontal, and different from regular construction works that it a large amount of information occurs because of wide range of project, which causes construction firms and design engineers to have some questions whether their initial investment cost would work or not and feel uncomfortable with the cost. In this study, technology level in engineering firms were surveyed for adapting BIM to domestic civil engineering. Development direction of BIM standard information model was drawn through awareness change analysis of BIM in civil engineering, as well. Deduced development direction is composed of guide development, system development, deliverable check and international standard proposal. The outcome will be employed as preliminary data for the study on development of infrastructure BIM standard and deliverable check system in civil engineering.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2018

We investigated the effects of environmental variations on the growth and survival rate of Stichopus japonicus to determine the optimum environmental conditions for its growth. Literature studies and a 12 month-long diver survey were carried out to understand the habitat, ecology and size of the surveyed area. Based on the collected data, we suggested optimum habitat conditions for releasing S. japonicus. Experiments on releasing S. japonicus were conducted in the breakwater of the Hwagye fishing cooperative in Hwagey-ri, Namhae-un, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. To implement the experiments, we divided the surveyed area into 4 sub-areas with different characteristics: (1) sand and silt zone; (2) artificial sea cucumber bank zone; (3) artificial rock bank zone; and (4) marine algae zone. The experiment lasted for 12 months. We released 32,000 sea cucumbers over $120m^2$ of each of the sand and silt zone, artificial rock bank zone and marine algae zone and released 6,000 sea cucumbers over $120m^2$ of the artificial sea cucumber bank zone. The average density of the released sea cucumbers from day 30 to day 360 after the releasing was conducted was the highest in the artificial sea cucumber bank zone ($23.7animal/m^2$), which was followed by artificial rock bank zone ($2.0animal/m^2$), marine algae zone ($1.9animal/m^2$) and sand and silt zone ($0.8animal/m^2$). The analysis on growth showed that the initial average weight of 2.3 g increased on day 360 after the releasing to 12.5 g in the artificial sea cucumber rank zone, 20.2 g in the sand and silt zone, 23.3 g in the artificial rock bank zone and 22.9 g in the marine algae zone. Results from the experiment along with the literature analysis suggest the following optimum habitat conditions: $10-15^{\circ}C$ water temperature; 28-34 psu salinity; 5-10 m water depth; 0.2-0.5 m/s velocity; rock, stone and muddy sand as substrate; and less than 20% mud in the substrate.