• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.388-396
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• 2007

This paper describes a multipath estimation method for Global Positioning System (GPS) dual frequency carrier phase measurements. Multipath is a major error source in high precision GPS applications, i.e., carrier phase measurements for precise positioning and attitude determinations. In order to estimate and remove multipath at carrier phase measurements, an array GPS antenna system has been used. The known geometry between the antennas is used to estimate multipath parameters. Dual frequency carrier phase measurements increase the redundancy of measurements, so it can reduce the number of antennas. The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is recently applied to many areas to overcome some of the limitations of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) such as weakness to severe nonlinearity. This paper uses the UKF for estimating multipath parameters. A series of simulations were performed with GPS antenna arrays located on a straight line with one reflector. The geometry information of the antenna array reduces the number of estimated multipath parameters from four to three. Both the EKF and the UKF are used as estimation algorithms and the results of the EKF and the UKF are compared. When the initial parameters are far from true parameters, the UKF shows better performance than the EKF.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 국제공동연구원 대형지진시험구조물의 강세진동시험결과 대한 상관해석와 지진응답해석에 관해 연구하였다. 지반-구조물 상호작용을 위해서 구조물과 근영지반은 유한요소로 모형화하고 원역지반은 무한요소로 모형화하는 직적법을 사용하였으며, 지진응답은 부분구조법에 근거한 파 입력기법을 사용하여 해석하였다. 시험후 상관해석을 통해 각 지반영역의 물성이 강제진동 시험에서 계측된 구조물 응답과 일치하도록 보정하였다. 보정된 지반물성을 초기 선형값으로 사용하고 등가선형화기법을 적용하여 지진에 관한 구조물의 응답을 예측하였다. 지반의 비선형거동을 고려하여 얻어진 구조물 응답은 계측된 결과와 매우 잘 일치한 반면, 초기 선형물성치를 사용한 응답결과는 상당한 차이를 보이고 있어서, 지반 비선형 거동의 영향이 중요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.567-573
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 토리구형 돔 형상을 갖는 연소관의 치수 최적화를 통한 경량화와 구조 안전성을 평가하였다. 치수최적화 설계는 빠른 설계 검증을 위하여 볼트의 단면적 비가 고려된 2차원 축대칭 유한요소 모델을 이용하여 수행하였다. 이때, 해석 프로그램은 ANSYS APDL(Ansys Parameter Design Language)을 이용하였고, 해석법은 sub-problem법과 first-order법을 선택하여 수행하였다. 설계 변수로는 연소관의 돔과 실린더 부위의 두께를 선정하였다. 수정된 2차원 축대칭 유한요소 모델은 3차원 유한요소 모델과의 결과 비교를 통하여 신뢰성을 확인하였고, 초기설계 단계에서 수정된 2차원 축대칭 유한요소 모델을 이용하여 연소관의 구조 안전성 평가와 빠르고 정확한 경량화 설계를 수행할 수 있었다. 연소관의 안전계수에 따른 최적화 해석 결과 최대 17.6%의 무게 절감 효과를 확인하였다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2013

Objectives: This study aims to identify associated factors in female infertility treatment using herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion. Methods: Acupuncture and moxibustion treatments were performed with intake of herbal medicines (Jokyungjongoktanggagam-bang, Sutaehwangagam-bang) for six menstrual cycles in 32 subfertile women. The variables selected for initial analysis were age, duration and type of infertility, frequency of previous In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and live births, weekly frequency of sexual intercourse, number of treatment cycles, endometrial thickness on MCD15 and hormonal parameter (anti-mullerian hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estrone). Results: Six patients became pregnant (18.75%) and seven patients withdrew. Factors influenced pregnancy were age (${\leq}35$ years), a shorter duration of infertility (<6 years), frequency of IVF (${\leq}3$), anti-mullerian hormone level (>1 ng/ml), and number of treatment cycles(${\leq}3$ cycles). Conclusions: Korean medicine is a useful and optimized treatment option for women with younger age, fewer previous IVF cycles, shorter infertile duration and normal anti-mullerian hormone level at first 3 cycles of treatment.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2012

어휘 인식을 위한 모델 생성에서 준비하지 않은 트라이폰이 생성된다. 이는 모델 파라미터의 초기 추정치를 생성하지 못하는 원인으로 어휘 모델을 구성할 수 없는 단점으로 나타난다. 결과적으로 가우시안 모델의 정교함이 떨어지게 되어 인식률을 저하시키게 된다. 이를 개선하기 위한 방법으로 미등록 어휘 거절 알고리즘을 이용한 오류 보정 시스템을 제안한다. 이 방법은 어휘 인식 모델 생성 시 등록되지 않은 어휘를 거절하여 인식률을 향상시킨다. 또한 확률 분포를 이용하여 어휘 분석과 의미를 파악하고 음운 변동이 적용되기 전의 문자열로 복원시킨다. 시스템 분석은 음소 유사율과 신뢰도를 이용하여 오류 보정율을 확인하였고 성능 평가를 위해 에러 패턴, 오류 패턴, 의미 패턴 방법을 이용하여 평가하였다. 성능 평가 결과 2.8%의 오류 보정률의 향상을 보였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2016

In the companion paper (I - Database and Site Response Analyses), site-specific response analyses were performed at more than 300 domestic sites. In this study, a new site classification system and design response spectra are proposed using results of the site-specific response analyses. Depth to bedrock (H) and average shear wave velocity of soil above the bedrock ($V_{S,Soil}$) were adopted as parameters to classify the sites into sub-categories because these two factors mostly affect site amplification, especially for shallow bedrock region. The 20 m of depth to bedrock was selected as the initial parameter for site classification based on the trend of site coefficients obtained from the site-specific response analyses. The sites having less than 20 m of depth to bedrock (H1 sites) are sub-divided into two site classes using 260 m/s of $V_{S,Soil}$ while the sites having greater than 20 m of depth to bedrock (H2 sites) are sub-divided into two site classes at $V_{S,Soil}$ equal to 180 m/s. The integration interval of 0.4 ~ 1.5 sec period range was adopted to calculate the long-period site coefficients ($F_v$) for reflecting the amplification characteristics of Korean geological condition. In addition, the frequency distribution of depth to bedrock reported for Korean sites was also considered in calculating the site coefficients for H2 sites to incorporate sites having greater than 30 m of depth to bedrock. The relationships between the site coefficients and rock shaking intensity were proposed and then subsequently compared with the site coefficients of similar site classes suggested in other codes.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.435-448
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• 2018

This paper reports the development of a theoretically rigorous method for permanent way engineers to assess the condition of railway ballast under a concrete sleeper with the potential to be extended to a smart system for long-term health monitoring of railway ballast. Owing to the uncertainties induced by the problems of modeling error and measurement noise, the Bayesian approach was followed in the development. After the selection of the most plausible model class for describing the damage status of the rail-sleeper-ballast system, Bayesian model updating is adopted to calculate the posterior PDF of the ballast stiffness at various regions under the sleeper. An obvious drop in ballast stiffness at a region under the sleeper is an evidence of ballast damage. In model updating, the model that can minimize the discrepancy between the measured and model-predicted modal parameters can be considered as the most probable model for calculating the posterior PDF under the Bayesian framework. To address the problems of non-uniqueness and local minima in the model updating process, a two-stage hybrid optimization method was developed. The modified evolutionary algorithm was developed in the first stage to identify the important regions in the parameter space and resulting in a set of initial trials for deterministic optimization to locate all most probable models in the second stage. The proposed methodology was numerically and experimentally verified. Using the identified model, a series of comprehensive numerical case studies was carried out to investigate the effects of data quantity and quality on the results of ballast damage detection. Difficulties to be overcome before the proposed method can be extended to a long-term ballast monitoring system are discussed in the conclusion.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.384-391
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• 2005

The nickel-based alloy Nimonic 80A possesses the excellent strength, and the resistance against corrosion, creep and oxidation at high temperature. Its products are used in aerospace engineering, marine engineering and power generation, etc. Control of forging parameters such as strain, strain rate, temperature and holding time is important because change of the microstructure in hot working affects the mechanical properties. Change of the microstructure evolves by recovery, recrystallization and grain growth phenomena. The dynamic recrystallization evolution has been studied in the temperature range of $950\~1250^{\circ}C$ and strain rate range of $0.05\~5s^{-1}$ using hot compression tests. The metadynamic recrystallization and grain growth evolution has been studied in the temperature range of $950\~1250^{\circ}C$ and strain rate range $0.05,\;5s^{-1}$, holding time range of 5, 10, 100, 600 sec using hot compression tests. Modeling equations are proposed to represent the flow curve, recrystallized grain size, recrystallized fraction and grain growth phenomena by various tests. Parameters in modeling equations are expressed as a function of the Zener-Hollomon parameter. The modeling equation for grain growth is expressed as a function of the initial grain size and holding time. The modeling equations developed were combined with thermo-viscoplastic finite element modeling to predict the microstructure change evolution during hot forging process. The grain size predicted from FE simulation results is compared with results obtained in field product.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.488-497
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• 2009

The freak wave, also known as New-Year-Wave in the north Atlantic, is relatively large and spontaneous ocean surface wave that can sink even large ships and destroy maritime structures. To understand oceanic conditions that develop freak waves, we simulated and generated two versions of scale-downed waves (1:64 and 1:42) in a numerical wave tank and compared the results with the experiment in wave flume. Both of the breaking and non-breaking waves were generated in the simulation. The numerical simulation was implemented based on the finite volume method and a genetic optimization algorithm. Random values were assigned as the initial values for the parameter in the control function, which produced signals representing the motion of wave-maker. The same signal obtained from the optimization process was used for both of the simulation and the experiment. By varying the object function and restrictions of the simulation, a best profile of design wave was selected based on the characteristics, height and period of simulated waves. Results showed that the simulation and experiment with the scale of 1:42 agreed better with freak waves in the natural condition. The presented simulation method will contribute to saving the time and cost for conducting subsequent response analyses of motion under freak waves in the course of the model test for ship and maritime structure.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2010

본 논문은 퍼지 제어를 통한 이동용 로봇에 대한 추적 제어에 대해서 다루고 있다. 이동용 로봇은 Mamdani 형식의 퍼지 제어기로 제어 된다. 퍼지 제어기에 있어서 이동용 로봇과 목표 사이의 각도와 각도의 변화율이 입력으로 사용되고, 출력으로 조향각이 추론되어 제어입력이 된다. 퍼지 규칙은 전문가의 경험적 지식을 참조하여 7개를 사용하였다. 또한 퍼지 제어기 설계에 있어서 하나의 관심 분야인 환산계수(scaling factor) 조정 방법에 대해 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 이를 위해 파라미터 최적화 분야에서 잘 알려진 실수코딩 유전알고리즘을 적용하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 다양한 초기 조향각이 주어진 경우, 목표치에 대한 추적 안정성을 보여 퍼지 제어기의 유효성이 확인된다.