• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.112-117
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• 2004

In this paper, in order to obtain the detailed information about lightning electromagnetic pulses, the electromagnetic pulses radiated from intracloud discharges were measured, and their characteristics and waveform parameters were analyzed statistically. The electromagnetic pulses produced by intracloud discharges are distinctly different with those by lightning return strokes. The zero-crossing times and the full pulse widths of the large bipolar electromagnetic pulses are gradually decreased as the stroke proceeds. Also, the electromagnetic pulses tend to be bipolar, with narrow and fast leader pulses superimposed on the initial half cycle. The mean numbers of leader pulses superimposed on the initial half cycle were 1.61$\pm$0.74 and 1.75$\pm$0.73 for the positive and negative polarities, respectively.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 2018

In this paper, an improved integral variable structure regulation controller is designed by using a special integral sliding surface and a disturbance observer for the improved regulation control of highly nonlinear rigid robot manipulators with prescribed output performance. The sliding surface having the integral state with a special initial condition is employed in this paper to exactly predetermine the ideal sliding trajectory from a given initial condition to the desired reference without any reaching phase. And a continuous sliding mode input using the disturbance observer is also introduced in order to effectively follow the predetermined sliding trajectory within the prescribed accuracy without large computation burden. The performance of the prescribed tracking accuracy to the predetermined sliding trajectory is clearly investigated in detail through the two theorems, together with the closed loop stability. The design of the proposed regulation controller is separated into the performance design and robustness design in each independent link. The usefulness of the algorithm has been demonstrated through simulation studies on the regulation control of a two-link robot under parameter uncertainties and payload variations.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.238-244
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• 1994

We numerically studied on the dark solitons propagation for initial amplitude and phase shapes in the normalized nonlinear Schr dinger equation(NLSE) which describes the propagations of optical solitons. As the propagation distance increases, odd dark solitons evolve into a black soliton and pairs of gray solitons which have a different sign of blackness, and even dark solitons evolve into pairs of gray solitons without black solitons. When there exists a black soliton and a gray soliton, even though the initial amplitude shape is same, the sign of blackness of a gray solitons determines whether they would collide or not. We could see that the energy of dark solitons evolve into a couple of solitons of different blackness since there exists a continuous range of dark solitons with arbitrary blackness parameter, and this phenomenon was more clearly seen from the change of phase shapes from that of amplitude shapes. hapes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1446-1450
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• 1992

A method of prediction for the fatigue life of surface crack, that is, initial cracks grow and penetrate through the thickness, was presented in the previous study of the authors. Effects of parameters such as the initial crack depth, material factors, etc., for the life were also discussed. However, in the case of adapting the concept of LBB(Leak Before Break), the break fatigue life after the penetration of the thickness must be taken into account. Hence, a method to predict the break fatigue life is presented in this paper. Effects of the parameters for the break fatigue life are discussed and compared with the penetration fatigue life.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.945-950
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• 2001

Vacuum interrupters that is used in various switchgear components such as circuit breakers, distribution switches, contactors, etc. spreads the arc uniformly over the surface of the contacts. The electrode of vacuum interrupters is used sintered Cu-Cr material satisfied with good electrical and mechanical characteristics. Because the closing velocity is 1-3m/s, the deformation of the material of electrodes depends on the strain rate and the dynamic behavior of the sintered Cu-Cr material is a key to investigate the impact characteristics of the electrodes. The dynamic response of the material at the high strain-rate is obtained from the split Hopkinson pressure bar test using cylinder type specimens. Experimental results from both quasi-static and dynamic compressive tests with the split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus are interpolated to construct the Johnson-Cook equation as the constitutive relation that should be applied to simulation of the dynamic behavior of electrodes. To evaluate impact characteristic of a vacuum interrupter, simulation is carried out with five parameters such as initial velocity, added mass of a movable electrode, wipe spring constant, initial offset of a wipe spring and virtual fixed spring constant.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.3683-3703
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• 2018

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of set of sensor nodes. These sensor nodes are deployed in unattended area which are able to sense, process and transmit data to the base station (BS). One of the primary issues of WSN is energy efficiency. In many existing clustering approaches, initial centroids of cluster heads (CHs) are chosen randomly and they form unbalanced clusters, results more energy consumption. In this paper, an energy efficient clustering protocol to prevent unbalanced clusters based on firefly and midpoint algorithms called EEC-FM has been proposed, where midpoint algorithm is used for initial centroid of CHs selection and firefly is used for cluster formation. Using residual energy and Euclidean distance as the parameters for appropriate cluster formation of the proposed approach produces balanced clusters to eventually balance the load of CHs and improve the network lifetime. Simulation result shows that the proposed method outperforms LEACH-B, BPK-means, Park's approach, Mk-means, and EECPK-means with respect to balancing of clusters, energy efficiency and network lifetime parameters. Simulation result also demonstrate that the proposed approach, EEC-FM protocol is 45% better than LEACH-B, 17.8% better than BPK-means protocol, 12.5% better than Park's approach, 9.1% better than Mk-means, and 5.8% better than EECPK-means protocol with respect to the parameter half energy consumption (HEC).

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07c
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• pp.1078-1082
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• 1997

The distance in load parameter space to the closest voltage collapse point provides the worst case power margin and the left eigenvector identifies the most effective direction to steer the system to maximize voltage stability under contingency. This paper presents the results of the comparative performance study of the algorithms, which are applicable to a large scale power system, for computing the closest saddle node bifurcation (CSNB) point. Dobson's iterative method converges with robustness. However the slow process of updating the load increasing direction makes the algorithm less efficient. The direct method converges very quickly. But it diverges if the initial guess is not very close to CSNB. Zeng's method of estimating the approximate critical point in the pre-determined direction is attractive in the sense that it uses only using load flow equations. However, the method is found to be less efficient than Dobson's iterative method. It may be concluded from the above observation that the direct method with the initial values obtained by carrying out the iterative method twice is most efficient at this time and more efficient algorithms are needed for on-line application.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2006

The Low cycle fatigue behavior of 11.7Cr-1.1Mo heat-resisting steel has been investigated under strain-controlled conditions with mean stresses at room temperature and $300^{\circ}C$. For the tensile mean stress test, the initial high tensile mean stress generally relaxed to zero at room temperature, however, at $300^{\circ}C$ initial tensile mean stress relaxed to compressive mean stress. Low cycle fatigue lives under mean stress conditions are usually correlated using modifications to the strain-life approach. Based on the fatigue test results from different stain ratio of -1, 0, 0.5, and 0.75 at room temperature and $300^{\circ}C$, the fatigue damage of the steel was represented by using cyclic strain energy density. Total strain energy density considering mean stress indicated well better than not considering mean stress at $300^{\circ}C$. Predicted fatigue life using Smith-Watson-Topper's parameter correlated fairly well with the experimental life at $300^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.19-32
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• 2000

This paper suggests the variable structure controller with a new variable boundary layer for the accurate tracking control of the variable structure systems. Up to now, variable structure controller (VSC) applying the variable boundary layer did not remove chattering from an arbitrary initial state of the system trajectory because VSC has the limited initial state according to the fixed sliding surface. But, by using the linear time-varying sliding surfaces, the scheme has the robustness against chattering from all states. The suggested method can be applied to the second-order nonlinear systems with parameter uncertainty and extraneous disturbances, and has better tracking performance than the conventional method. To demonstrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm, it is applied to a two-link manipulator.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1417-1426
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• 2016

Despite the low removal efficiencies reported by previous studies, electro-flotation still stands out among other microalgae removal methods for its economical and environmental benefits. To enhance removal efficiency, the important factors that limit the performance of this method must be investigated. In this study, the possible ways of increasing the removal efficiency of microalgae have been explored by investigating the effects of several important variables in electro-flotation. Eight parameters, namely flotation time, rising time, current density, pH, conductivity, electrode distance, temperature and initial concentration were evaluated using a one-parameter-at-a-time approach. Results revealed that the operational parameters that greatly affected the removal efficiency of microalgae were electro-flotation time, current density, pH, and initial concentration. The effect of conductivity, electrode distance, and temperature on removal efficiency were insignificant. However, they exhibited positive an indirect positive effect on power demand, which is nowadays considered an equally important aspect in the running of a feasible and economically efficient electro-flotation process.