• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.64-75
• /
• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different coating materials on the quality of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during chilled storage for 10 days. Fresh shrimp were randomly divided into five groups: the control group, the hypotaurine treatment group (2%), the chitosan group (1%), the hypotaurine + chitosan group (2% hypotaurine solution with 1% of chitosan), and the sodium metabisulfite treatment group (1.25%). Compared with other treatments, the lower accumulation of total visible counts (TVC, 5.25 Log₁₀ CFU/g), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N, 22.5 mg/100 g) and thiobarbituric acid values (TBA, 0.58 mg MDA/kg) suggested that coating of chitosan-hypotaurine could retard the microbial activity, protein degradation and lipid oxidation of shrimp. Meanwhile, results demonstrated that the chitosan coating combined with hypotaurine showed an excellent performance in inhibiting quality deterioration (pH 7.5, ∆E 7.0, hardness 393 g, and elasticity 0.69). Furthermore, the melanosis degree of shrimp was alleviated, and the sensory parameters, including appearance, odor and texture, were maintained to the acceptable level by chitosan based hypotaurine treatment during the chilled storage.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.306-311
• /
• 2023

The current study aimed to reveal the potential effect of meclofenamate, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on the gene expression of airway MUC5AC mucin. Human pulmonary mucoepidermoid NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with meclofenamate for 30 min and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 24 h. Thereafter, the effect of meclofenamate on the PMA-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway was assessed. Meclofenamate inhibited glycoprotein production and mRNA expression of MUC5AC mucins induced by PMA by inhibiting the degradation of inhibitory kappa Bα (IkBα) and NF-kB p65 nuclear translocation. These results suggest meclofenamate suppresses mucin gene expression by regulating NF-kB signaling pathway in human pulmonary epithelial cells.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.70-79
• /
• 2023

The synthesis of the Mannich base as a ligand (L) N-(morpholino (phenyl) methyl) acetamide is the subject of this study. Elemental analyses, FT-IR spectra, UV-vis, ¹H-NMR, and magnetic measurements were used to confirm the synthesis of the [Ni(L)₂]Cl₂ complex, thermal analysis (TG/DTG), atomic absorption, and scanning, and structurally explained as electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) methods. The melting point of the complex and its molar conductivity were also measured. The suggested geometries of the complexes formed have a tetrahedral structure, according to the data acquired using various techniques. Theoretical approaches to the complex formation have been investigated. For molecular mechanics and semi-empirical calculations, the HYPERCHEM6 program had been used. The effect of the novel Ni(II) complex on the cancer cell Hepa-2 (human hepatocellular ademocarcinoma), that is the human laryngeal cancer, was studied. It has been found that these ligand and complex have potent effects on the cancer cell. The antibacterial activity of the free ligand and its complex was evaluated against two kinds of human pathogenic bacteria. The first category is Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureas, epiderimids), whereas the second group is Gram-negative (Psedamonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) (from the diffusion method). Finally, it was discovered that various chemicals had varied growth-inhibiting effects on bacteria.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2021

Atypical antipsychotics are more effective than typical antipsychotics and have fewer side effects such as tardive dyskinesia and extrapyramidal symptoms; therefore, prescriptions of atypical antipsychotics are increasing. However, recently, it has been reported that atypical antipsychotics have a higher incidence of diabetes, hyperglycemia, and obesity than typical antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics induce obesity-inhibiting appetite-related receptors such as serotonin and dopamine. Decreased exercise due to improving psychotic symptoms, and genetic characterictics can also cause weight gain. Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were another metabolic problem related to treatment with atypical antipsychotics. The mechanisms of hyperglycemia were mainly related obesity, decreased anorexigenic hormones, and increased insulin resistance in multiple organs. There are also reports that genes related to diabetes have an effect on the incidence of diabetes mellitus treated with atypical antipsychotics. On the other hand, although it is not clear why hypoglycemia occurs, it documented in case reports all over the world. There are more reports of atypical antipsychotics than typical antipsychotics and these are frequently reported in Asians. Further research on the mechanism of hypoglycemia related to atypical antipsychotics is strongly recommended.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
• /
• 1993.09a
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 1993

The lowering effect of cholesterol in Sprague Dawley rats was investigated with panaxydol which was purified from the petroleum ether soluble fraction(PESF) of Korean red ginseng. The level of total cholesterol(TC), Triglyceride(TG) and low density lipoprotein(LOL)-cholesterol in serum was reduced by $48\%,\;47\%\;and\;41\%,$ respectively while high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol was in creased up to $29\%$ as compared with their control values when the panaxydol(20 umoles. 5 mq/kq/day) was adminstered by intraperitoneal rout for 3 consecutive days along with a $1\%$ cholesterol diet. The hepatic ester cholesterol content which was increased in proportion to the cholesterol content of the diet in the control, clearly decreased with panaxydol administration to about $40\%$ regardless of the two diet cholesterol content. $1\%\;or\;2\%.$ A threshold of supression on the serum lipid levels in both administration routes was observed: the maximium suppression in i.p. and p.o. administration was observed to be at 5mq/kq b.w. and in the range of 50 - 100 mg/kg b.w., respectively. Panaxydol may reduce serum lipid and cholesterol levels by inhibiting cholesterol absorption and/or by modulating the cholesterol metabolism. at least in part.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.240-248
• /
• 2024

In cancer treatment, multi-target approach has paid attention to a reasonable strategy for the potential agents. We investigated whether (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol (MMPP) could exert an anticancer effect by dual-regulating VEGFR2 and PPARγ. MMPP showed modulating effects in TNBC type (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) and luminal A type (MCF7) breast cancer cell lines. MMPP enhanced PPARγ transcriptional activity and inhibited VEGFR2 phosphorylation. MMPP-induced signaling by VEGFR2 and PPARγ ultimately triggered the downregulation of AKT activity. MMPP exhibited anticancer effects, as evidenced by growth inhibition, inducement of apoptosis, and suppression of migration and invasion. At the molecular level, MMPP activated pro-apoptotic proteins (caspase3, caspase8, caspase9, and bax), while inhibiting the anti-apoptotic proteins (bcl2). Additionally, MMPP inhibited the mRNA expressions of EMT-promoting transcription factors. Therefore, our findings showed molecular mechanisms of MMPP by regulating VEGFR2 and PPARγ, and suggested that MMPP has potential to treat breast cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.397-402
• /
• 2014

Microglia are activated by inflammatory and pathophysiological stimuli in neurodegenerative diseases, and activated microglia induce neuronal damage by releasing cytotoxic factors like nitric oxide (NO). Activated microglia synthesize a significant amount of vitamin $D_3$ in the rat brain, and vitamin $D_3$ has an inhibitory effect on activated microglia. To investigate the possible role of vitamin $D_3$ as a negative regulator of activated microglia, we examined the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ on NO production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia. Treatment with LPS increased the production of NO in primary cultured and BV2 microglial cells. Treatment with 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ inhibited the generation of NO in LPS-activated primary microglia and BV2 cells. In addition to NO production, expression of 1-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was also upregulated in LPS-stimulated primary and BV2 microglia. When BV2 cells were transfected with 1-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase siRNA or VDR siRNA, the inhibitory effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ on activated BV2 cells was suppressed. 25-Hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ also inhibited the increased phosphorylation of p38 seen in LPS-activated BV2 cells, and this inhibition was blocked by VDR siRNA. The present study shows that 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ inhibits NO production in LPS-activated microglia through the mediation of LPS-induced 1-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase. This study also shows that the inhibitory effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ on NO production might be exerted by inhibiting LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 through the mediation of VDR signaling. These results suggest that vitamin $D_3$ might have an important role in the negative regulation of microglial activation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.62-69
• /
• 2007

To evaluate effect of CYTG on inhibiting the occurrence of arthritis, we performed the experiments including production of inflammatory cytokine and immunoglobulin in collagen arthritis model. The results were obtained as fellows. CYTG group showed inhibitory effect on arthritis incidence than control group for four weeks. Arthritis index of CYTG group reduced compared with control group. In CYTG group, production of cytokines which show suppressive effect on inflammation(IL-2, COX-2) was increased and which promotes inflammation(IL-10) was decreases in spleen. In CYTG group, production of immunoglobulin (IgG-RF) was reduced compared with control, and rate of CD3+CD69+T cell is lower in lymph node and CD4+CD25+ T cell is higher in lymph node and spleen. And synovial infiltration in the knee were observed in the controls (PBS-treated mice), whereas CYTG-treated mice exhibited significantly reduced histologic evidence of destruction and inflammation. So, the histopathological scoring average of CYTG group was 2.5 compared with control group(CIA mice) 4.5. It was thought that our data express high effect via immune system specially through the controling the inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins. CYTG could be usefully applied for the prevention and treatment of RA, and also is expected to be clinically helpful on the treatment of RA through modification.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.509-519
• /
• 2018

This study was investigated the anti-oxidant property and neuro-protective effect of Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (CJM) against oxidative stress in hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced C6 glial cells. We measured the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$), and superoxide ($O_2{^-}$) radical scavenging activities of an ethanol extract and four fractions [n-Butanol, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), $CHCl_3$, and n-Hexane] from CJM. The results of this study show that the extract and all fractions from CJM had a dose-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity. In particular, the EtOAc fraction exhibited the strongest scavenging effect with 88.23% at a concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, the EtOAc fraction from CJM also effectively scavenged ${\cdot}OH$ radicals and $O_2{^-}$ radicals, compared to other extract and fractions. In C6 glial cells, $H_2O_2$ markedly decreased the cell viability as well as increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the EtOAc fraction of CJM attenuated the cellular damage from the oxidative stress by elevating the cell viability and inhibiting the LDH release and ROS over-production compared with the $H_2O_2$-treated control group. Our findings indicate that the EtOAc fraction from CJM has antioxidant effect and neuro-protective effect against oxidative stress, suggesting that it can be used as a natural antioxidant and therapeutic agent for the prevention of neurodegenerative disorders.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.171-182
• /
• 2002

This study wa performed to investigate the effect of dired powder of chestnut and acorn on lipid metabolism, antioxidative capacity and antithrombotic effect in rats. Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 199$\pm$17g were blocked into nine groups according to their body weight. Rats were raised with diets containing only flesh or flesh with inner skin of 5% and 10% dried nut powders for four weeks. Food intake, body weight gain, food efficiency ratio and organ weight were no different among the experimental groups. The plasma and liver lipid levels of all the nut diet groups were lover than those of the control group. The nut diets showed hypolipidenic effect in the plasma and liver. Plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were significantly decreased in all the nut diet groups. The plasma TBARS levels of the inner skin groups were significantly different from the control group dose-dependently. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was significantly different among the experimental groups, and all the nut groups showed higher activity than the control group. There were significant differences in SOD activity between the chestnut and acorn groups and the chestnut groups showed higher erythrocyte SOD activity and the acorn groups showed higher liver SOD activity than the other groups. Whereas catalase and GSH-Px activities in the erythrocyte and liver of both nut groups showed a tendency to increase, they were not significantly different among the experimental groups. The bleeding time and whole blood clotting time tended to be extended by feeding both types of nut but they were not significantly different among the experimental groups. Production of TX $B_2$ and PG $F_{1{\alpha}}$ was no different among the experimental groups. These results suggest that chestnut and acorn diets have the effect of lowering plasma and liver lipid levels, inhibiting lipid peroxide formation and increasing antioxidative enzymes activity. Thus, it is plausible that chestnut and acorn could be recommended in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.