• 성인간호학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.358-367
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to test some effects on pain, depression and ego integrity of the elderly by adapting group reminiscence therapy with mugwort fragrance to the elderly with chronic pain. Method: The research was executed from April 2001 through September 2001, and research participants were male and female olderly people randomly assigned from 3 environmentally similar day care centers. They were divided into experimental group A and B, and a control group; The control group was divided into a daily care group and a regularly visiting group, and the experimental group A was for group reminiscence therapy with mugwort fragrance inhalation and the group B for group reminiscence therapy. Result: The group reminiscence therapy with mugwort fragrance inhalation showed significant effects on decrease of pain and depression, and improvement of ego integrity, and for 2 weeks after the treatment proved its continuous effect. Conclusion: The result above explains the fact the mugwort fragrance stimulates reminiscence and shows curing effects. In further researches, it is necessary to adapt various health problems of the elderly, not only to the aged with chonic pain.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.213-217
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• 2005

In this study the water including sediment is assumed that the density is different from fresh water. And the phenomenon inhaled by low pressure around the pipe is numerically simulated in two dimension. The simulation is done using finite difference method in rectangular staggered mesh system and Navier-Stokes equations and continuty equation are employed as governing equations. The method of Irregular leg lengths and stars are adopted to satisfy boundary condition of body boundary. Marker-Density method is used to calculate the density of mixed flow. Also SGS turbulence model is applied to consider vortex smaller then grid at high Renolds number. This study is to analyze inhalation phenomenon of mixed flow with sediment and to verify the numerical method for mixed flow. To verify the numerical results are compared with experimental results

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of aromatherapy on stress and stress responses in adolescents. Methods: A two-group cross-over design was used for this study. The experimental treatment was aroma essential oil inhalation and the placebo treatment was carrier oil inhalation using a necklace. The sample included 36 female high school students. Fisher's exact test, t-test, and paired t-test using SPSS/WIN program were used to analyze the data. Results: Stress levels were significantly lower when the students received the aroma treatment compared to when they received the placebo treatment. The stress responses except salivary IgA levels were significantly lower when the students received the aroma treatment. Conclusion: Aroma inhalation could be a very effective stress management method for high school students. Therefore, it is recommended that this program be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for high school students.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.55-57
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• 2006

Cyanides and Hydrogen cyanide are used in production of chemicals, electroplating, photographic development, making plastics, fumigating ships, and some mining processes. We experienced of Hydrogen cyanide inhalation injury. A 45-year-old man worked at electroplating. As soon as he mixed sodium cyanide with acid, cyanide produced hydrogen cyanide, occasionally he inhaled Hydrogen cyanide and he lost his consciousness. He was moved to near hospital and took emergency treatment and then was transferred to our hospital. On arrival he had severe dyspnea, metabolic acidosis, and tachycardia. After he was treated with supportive method he recovered his consciousness in 20 hours at emergency room.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.496-499
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• 2005

Power Plant is requested, by environmental bodies and fisherman, to correct the pollution of coastal area due to the outflow of foam from the outlet of the power plants. Foam wastewater cause a lot of environmental problems, expecially in aesthetic points of view. Therefore, It is needed to be collect from the stream into nearby ocean, and the collected foams should be treated before being discharged into nearby ocean. The most effective and feasible treatment method researched for the effective treatment of foam wastewater generated at the power plants. The result of the test is confirmed with collecting Foam wastewater by inhalation force. The treatment pilot ($3m^3/hr$) collected wastewater was operated by Biological degradation method(Aerobic/anaerobic Processes) for approximately two months. It was removed SS, COD, nutrient(T-P, T-N), etc. The System is expected successfully by Minimizing the operating costs such as electricity, repair expenses, chemicals and supplies expenses.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2022

During the decommissioning of the nuclear facilities, the radioactive gases in pressure vessels may leak due to the demolition operations. The decommissioning site has large space, slow air circulation, and many large nuclear facilities, which increase the difficulty of workers' inhalation exposure assessment. In order to dynamically evaluate the activity distribution of radionuclides and the committed effective dose from inhalation in nuclear decommissioning environment, an inhalation exposure assessment method based on the modified eddy-diffusion model and the inhaled dose conversion factor is proposed in this paper. The method takes into account the influence of building, facilities, exhaust ducts, etc. on the distribution of radioactive gases, and can evaluate the influence of radioactive gases diffusion on workers during the decommissioning of nuclear facilities.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2012

우리나라에서 건축물 내장재의 화재안전성능은 국토해양부 고시 제2011-39호에 의한 평가방법에 의해 불연성시험(KS F ISO 1182), 열방출률시험(KS F ISO 5660) 및 가스유해성시험(KSF 2271)을 실시하여 그 결과로서 분류하도록 되어 있다. 그 중 연기 및 연소독성가스에 대한 시험인 가스 유해성 시험은, 건축재료 및 내장재의 연소시 발생하는 가스의 유해성을 마우스의 평균 행동정지시간으로 측정하는 방법으로 사용하여 왔다. 이 중 연소 독성가스 4종(HCl, HF, HCN, $SO_2$) 흡입독성시험방법의 확립을 위하여 ICR계 mouse와 전신흡입노출장치를 이용하여, 독성가스 노출 및 병리검사를 수행하였다. 그 결과 호흡기관지와 가까운 폐포에서 대식세포(Macrophage)의 침윤을 유발하는 것으로 나타났고, 4종의 물질에 대한 조직의 병리검사로 전체적으로 충혈과 울혈은 확인되었다. 조직 중 폐와 신장에서 조직손상이 심하였고, 물질로는 HCN이 가장 많은 병리소견을 보였다.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2006

목적: 현재로는 각종 유독가스 흡입으로 인한 기도 손상시 기관지 내시경 검사가 가장 정확하나, 시행이 어렵고 환자에게 불편감을 주는 검사법이다. 반면, 폐환기/관류스캔은 비침습적이며 유용한 검사법으로서, 연구자들은 흡입에 의한 기도손상환자에서 조기 검사 및 추적검사를 실시하여 이들 스캔의 유용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 지하철 화재사고로 인한 기도손상이 의심되는 19명의 환자(남자: 9, 여자: 10, 평균연령 : 31.6세)를 대상으로 하였다. 사고 2일 후 $^{99m}Tc$-technegas 를 이용한 환기스캔을 실시하고, 4일 후 $^{99m}Tc$-MAA 를 이용한 폐관류스캔을 실시하였다. 비슷한 시기에 실시한 기관지 내시경 검사 소견과 스캔소견을 비교하고 환자의 증상이 호전된 후 추적검사(환기스캔은 16일 후, 관류스캔은 18일 후)를 실시하였다. 결과: 19명의 환자 중 14명은 정상스캔 소견을 보였고, 4명은 환기와 관류스캔 모두에서 결손의 소견을 보였으며, 나머지 1명은 환기스캔에서만 결손의 소견을 보였다. 비정상 소견을 보인 5명의 환자들은 스캔소견의 비정상부위와 기관지 내시경 검사에서 이상소견을 보인 부위가 유사하였고, 심한 호흡기 증상이 있었다. 흉부 X선 검사에서 이들 중 2명은 결핵을 앓은 흔적이 관찰되었다. 추적검사에서는 이상소견을 보인 모든 환자에서 스캔소견의 호전과 함께 임상소견도 호전되었다. 결론: 환기/관류 스캔은 화재에 의한 기도손상시 조기에 이를 진단할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 추적관찰에도 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2008

The single intratracheal instillation (ITI) of bleomycin (BLM) is a widely used method for inducing experimental pulmonary fibrosis in rat model. In the present study, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) of tidal volume ($V_T$), minute volume ($V_M$), and respiratory frequency ($F_R$) have been applied to study their possibility as a tool to monitor the progress of BLM-induced lung injury in rat model. Rats were treated with a single ITI of BLM (2.5 mg/kg) or saline (control). Animals were euthanized at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-ITI. Lung toxicity effects were evaluated by inflammatory cell count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and light microscopic examination of lung injury. The PFT parameters were measured immediately before the animals were sacrificed. BLM treatment induced significant cellular changes in BALF-increase in number of total cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes along with sustained increase in number of macrophages compared to the controls at days 3, 7, and 14. BALF LDH level was significantly increased compared to that in the controls up to day 14. On day 3, infiltration of neutrophils was observed in the alveolar spaces. These changes developed into marked peribronchiolar and interstitial infiltration by inflammatory cells, and extensive thickening of the interalveolar septa on day 7. At 14, 21, and 28 days, mild peribronchiolar fibrosis was observed along with inflammatory cell infiltration. The results of PFT show significant consistencies compared to the results of other toxicity tests. These data demonstrate that the most suitable time point for assessing lung fibrosis in this model is 14 days post-ITI of BLM based on the observation of fibrosis at 14, 21, and 28 days. Further, the progress of lung injury can be traced by monitoring the PFT parameters of $F_R$, $V_T$, and $V_M$.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2002

Hair provides important information about the body's mineral status. Therefore, we have studied the trace elemental distribution in human hair under different inhalation and ingestion environment using neutron activation analysis (NAA). NAA is a powerful analytical method which can be used successfully to determine trace elements in environmental and biological materials. Total diet and six different herbal medicine were analysed to study ingestion environment. Airborne dust in foundry was analysed and compared with outdoor dust to study inhalation environment. Human hairs of common person, herbal medicine taker and foundry worker were analysed to estimate the trace elemental distribution of people under different inhalation and ingestion environment. Analytical results show that herbal medicines contain higher micronutrients such as Ca, Mg, Mn and Cu that total diet and airborne dust in foundry has high Cr. The concentration of Ca, Mg and Mn in hair of herbal medicine taker is two times higher than in hair of common person and Cr con-centration in hair of foundry worker is about three times higher than in hair of common person. These results show that NAA can be used importantly to monitor human health through biological and environmental samples.