• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.446-454
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• 2023

This study aimed to assess the potential use of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. seed cake (PSC). The extraction yield of the PSC extract ranged from 22% to 45%, depending on the extraction solvent used. The PSC extract showed significantly higher levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids contents, and radical scavenging compared to the P. lactiflora seed oil (PSO) extract. The antibacterial activity of the PSC extract was superior to that of the positive control and remained effective for up to 48 hours. Furthermore, when the PSC extract was applied, it significantly reduced the inflammatory response induced by LPS, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory activity of PSC. This study confirmed the effective bioactivity not only in PSO, but also in the PSC extract, highlighting the potential of PSC as a bio-health ingredient.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.242-254
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• 2015

Barley is a main food source, along with rice, in our dietary life that is easy to buy and process. It is required to develop a beverage base and barley syrup for desserts in order to raise utilization of barley beyond its present use in Sikhye (sweet fermented rice drink) and Jocheong (grain syrup) production. In pursuit of the goal to increase the usability of barley as an ingredient of processed food, this study examined the optimal preparation conditions of barley mash for barley syrup. In addition, the study prepared a barley syrup using saccharified barley liquid, analyzed quality characteristics, and conducted a sensory evaluation. Saccharified barley liquid(barley mash) was prepared with ratios of adding malt of unhulled barley germinated as 0 g(CON), 10 g(BM10), 20 g(BM20), and 30 g(BM30). The results of measuring pH under the varied conditions of saccharification temperatures from $50^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, and $70^{\circ}C$, as well as time from 1 to 8 hours, treveal that the optimum condition for malt saccharification is $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. By adding oligosaccharides and lemon juice to the saccharified barley liquid at the different ratios of added malt, this study measured quality characteristics(color value, viscosity, pH, sweetness) of barley syrup warmed up for 1 hour. As the result of measuring color in the barley syrup prepared by saccharified barley liquid, higher levels of added malt saw L-value decreased while a-value and b-value both increased. BMs30 showed the highest viscosity of $1,202.67{\pm}3.06$. As for pH, BMs30 was the highest at pH $3.57{\pm}0.02$. The result of the sensory evaluation of barley syrup showed the superior sensory characteristics of BMs20 in terms of color, flavor, sweetness, viscosity and overall quality.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.228-235
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• 2013

Radish (Raphanus sativus) is a common cruciferous vegetable, and its aerial parts, called Mu-chung in Korean, have plentiful nutritional components such as vitamins, minerals and dietary fibers. Mu-chung has been used as a kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented dish, and dried Mu-chung is an important component of soups commonly consumed during winter in Korea. Since the advent of the mass production of radish in Korea, with the segregation of farm areas and towns and changing diets, Mu-chung has mostly been discarded instead of utilized. In addition, studies concerning the efficient utilization and useful bioactivities of Mu-chung are still lacking worldwide. In this study, we prepared the ethanol extract of Mu-chung and its subsequent solvent fractions. Antimicrobial, antioxidation, and anticoagulation activities were then evaluated in the hopes of developing a functional biomaterial from Korean radishes' aerial parts. The ethanol extraction yield for hot-air dried Mu-chung was 5.6%, and the fraction yields of n-hexane (H), ethylacetate (EA), butanol (B) and water residue were 25.3, 3.6, 19.4, and 51.7%, respectively. Analysis of total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents showed that the EA fraction had the highest content (97.57 and 152.91 mg/g) amongst the fractions. In antimicrobial activity assays, the H and EA fractions were effective against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus subtilis), but not effective against gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The B fraction also exhibited moderate antibacterial activity, suggesting that the extract of Mu-chung has various antibacterial components. In antioxidation activity assays, the EA fraction showed strong DPPH, ABTS and nitrite scavenging activities ($69-222{\mu}g/ml$ of $IC_{50}$), including reducing power. In anticoagulation activity assays, the EA fraction demonstrated strong inhibition activity against human thrombin and prothrombin. Prominent anticoagulation activity was found in aPTT assays; the aPTT of the EA fraction was extended 15-fold compared than that of the solvent control. Our results suggest that Mu-chung is an attractive nutritional food material possessing useful bioactivities, and the EA fraction of Mu-chung could be developed as a functional food ingredient.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2013

This study was conducted to elucidate the characteristics of equine meat traits and to evaluate the utilization of dried-citrus pulp abundantly produced in Jeju Island as feed ingredient in the diet of finished meat horses. Treatment groups consisted of wheat bran (A) and the dried-pellet mixture of citrus pulp (20%) and wheat bran (80%) (B). Feeding of agricultural by-products were 2 times in a day at the level of 1.5% of body weights. Water and dried-grass forage was not restricted. The average daily gain was similar in both groups. Feed conversion of treatment B showed lower level than that of A. Carcass rate of B was relatively lower than that of A, but meat yield grade of B was higher than that of A. For meat color traits, $L^*$ of B was lighter than that of A, and $b^*$ of group B was lower than that of group A. From the analysis of physical characteristics of equine meats, shearing force had decreased in the treatment B but the levels of drip loss and water holding cavity had increased in the treatment B compared to A. The level of crude fat is lower in the treatment B than the treatment A. For the mineral contents, the treatment B showed higher levels of Ca, K, Mg, Cu and Mn than that of A. For the fatty acid contents, the treatment B showed increased levels of stearic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, and arachidonic acid compared to A. Consequently, these results suggested that dried-citrus pulp might be utilized as replacement material for equine forage. Please rewrite the whole abstract and should include all required information. Before resubmission, please check it again from a native colleague in your group.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.699-707
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• 2015

To improve the utilization of the domestic plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), this study investigated changes in the physicochemical qualities of Danshen extracts obtained from low-temperature extraction using the enzymes amylase, cellulase, pectinase, and protease. Changes in the yield, pH, sugar content, and chromaticity were investigated. The changes were found to be highest in the amylase-treated extract with the following values: yield, 58.3%; pH, 6.04; sugar content, $5.97^{\circ}Brix$. With regard to antioxidant properties, Danshen extracts treated with amylase showed the highest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities of 84.25% and 74.11% at 55 ppm. The total phenolic compound content was highest in the group subjected to enzyme treatment at $60^{\circ}C$. The salvianolic acid B level of the Danshen extract was the highest in the amylase-treated group, with a value of 3,002.6 mg/100 g. Cryptotanshinone level was the highest in the amylase- and protease-treated group with a value of 3.8 mg/100 g. Tanshinone I was the highest in the protease-treated group, with a value of 14.2 mg/100 g. The results showed that the indicator components of Danshen were detected as stable in the extracts after using amylase for low-temperature extraction; therefore, it would be possible to use Danshen industrially as a functional ingredient through mass production. Furthermore, the enzyme-treatment extraction could be utilized for a variety of natural products.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.388-395
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• 2004

This study was carried out to determine the application rate of pig slurry for red pepper. Field experiment was designed with non-fertilizer, chemical fertilizer recommended by soil testing (CFRST) and pig slurry treatments. In pig slurry (PS) plots, pig slurry was applied as basal fertilizer with different equivalents to nitrogen of chemical fertilizer plot (60%: PS60, 80%: PS80, 100%: PS100, 120%: PS120) and chemical fertilizer was top-dressed additionally. Soil organic matter contents after 50 day of planting and after experiment in the plots treated with PS were higher than that of CFRST plot, whereas content of $NO_3-N$ of CFRST plot was higher than that of PS plot. Growth of red pepper were lowest in the non-fertilizer plot. Plant lengths of red pepper at 50 day after planting were similar among the different treatments, plant lengths of red pepper of PS100, PS120 and CFRST at 100 day after planting were higher than those of the PS60 and PS80 plots. But Main stem and stem diameter of red pepper were not different among the treatments. Uptake rate of N, P and K by red pepper plant were 27-44, 9-16 and 41-68% for total N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$, respectively. Utilization of applied fertilizer ingredient by red pepper plant were in the order of PS80> PS60> FRST> PS100> PS120. Yield of red pepper tends to increase by 3% in the PS100 compared with the CFRST, but there was not significant difference between PS120 and CFRST. Chemical component of run-off collected from the furrow of the red pepper field was not different among the treatments. Greenhouse gases ($CH_4$ and $N_2O$) emission of non-fertilizer, PS100 and CFRST during the whole red pepper growth period were 4.0, 4.8 and $5.9kg\;CH_4\;ha^{-1}$, and 0.74, 6.68 and $8.38kg\;N_2O\;ha^{-1}$. Emission of $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ in PS100 was higher than those of CFRST by 23% and 26%, respectively. In this connection, to be used the pig slurry for red pepper, it is required that pig slurry must be decomposed for six months or more. Consequently, pig slurry equivalent to nitrogen of basal fertilizer of CFRST with additional top dressing of chemical fertilizer is recommend as an optimum application rate of pig slurry for red pepper.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.19-30
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• 2019

Objective of this study was to develop an organic fertilizer utilizing domestic livestock horn meal and to investigate the application effect of rice and eggplant. The possibility of utilization of livestock horn meal as an organic resource to replace imported expeller cake fertilizer was examined. In order to select domestic organic resources with high nitrogen content, 8 kinds of organic matter such as chicken manure, fish meal, soybean meal, sesame meal, perilla meal, blood meal, livestock horn meal, and beer sludge were analyzed and organic resources with high nitrogen content were selected. In addition, the conditions for the production of organic fertilizers that can be used in organic agriculture were established by mixing of the rice husk biochar and the rice bran as the supplements with the raw materials for mixing ratios. The content of total nitrogen (T-N) in the livestock horn meal was 12.0 %, which was the next low in 13.5 % blood meal. The content of total nitrogen was 5.9 ~ 7.9 % in fish meal and oil cakes. Total nitrogen content of non-antibiotic chicken manure for organic farming was 3 % and nitrogen content in beer sludge was 3.5 %. Organic fertilizer was produced by using biochar, rice bran as a main ingredient of non-antibiotic chicken manure, livestock horn meal and beer sludge. Compared to nitrogen content (4.0 to 4.2 %) of imported expeller cake fertilizer (ECF), the nitrogen content of organic fertilizer utilizing domestic livestock horn meal is as high as 7.5 %. The developed organic fertilizer is met as Zn 400 mg/kg, Cu 120 mg/kg the quality of organic agricultural materials such as or less. To investigate the effect of fertilizer application on the crops, prototypes of developed organic fertilizer were used for the experiment under selected conditions. As a result of application the developed organic livestock horn meal fertilizer (LHMF) for cultivation of the rice and eggplant, the application quantity of the developed organic LHMF 100 % was decreased by 40 % compared to that of the mixed expeller cake fertilizer (MECF). The application of LHMF, which refers to the application rate corresponding to the nitrogen fertilization recommended by the soil test, was reduced by 40% compared to the application rate of MECF, but the same results were obtained in crop growth and yield. The selection of a new high concentration nitrogen source utilizing domestic organic resources and the development of organic fertilizer is the starting point of the research for substitution of imported ECF using domestic local resources at the present time that the spread of eco-friendly agriculture is becoming increasingly important. If it is expanded in the future, it is expected to contribute to the stable production of eco-friendly agricultural products.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2021

Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) is a perennial plant belonging to the family Apiaceae. Its root has been utilized as a traditional medicine especially in Korea. This study was carried out to evaluate the potential use of extracts from AGN root parts as a cosmetic material. The dried AGN roots are divided into body (B), thick root (TkR), medium root(MR) and thin root (TnR) according to their diameter before cutting into medicine. B, TkR and MR of AGN are combined and used as medicinal herbs (MH). The extracts from AGN each root part (B, TkR, MR, TnR, MH) were used to test the effect on cell viability using MTS assay and to examine inhibitory effect on melanin accumulation in B16F10 melanoma cells. All extracts (50 - 200 ㎍/mL) from the each root part did not affect the cell viability. And inhibitory effect of all root extracts (200 ㎍/mL) on melanin accumulation was 12-19%. Especially, TnR showed similar inhibitory effect on melanin accumulation to MH. In addition, DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity were higher in the TnR extract compared to MH. This study showed that the TnR extract exhibit high inhibitory effect on melanin accumulation and antioxidant activity compared to MH, suggesting that TnR extract has potential as a cosmetic ingredient.