• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2021

Background: Pressure changes related to temperature variation during cupping may lead to dropout. This study aimed to investigate pressure changes related to temperature variations in the cup during the cupping procedure. Methods: Changes in temperature and pressure were measured for 15 minutes after the procedure was performed using the alcohol rub method with glass cups and with the addition of infrared irradiation. Changes in temperature and pressure were also measured for 15 minutes after pumping 3 times using the valve suction method, and with the addition of infrared irradiation. Results: In a comparison between the alcohol rub method with glass cups and with the addition of infrared irradiation, the negative pressure increased over time in the absence of infrared irradiation, whereas it decreased when performed with infrared irradiation p = 0.094. However, in a comparison between pumping 3 times using the valve suction method, and with the addition of infrared irradiation, the negative pressure decreased in both cases, but this was more significant with infrared irradiation p = 0.172. There was a significantly higher temperature in the glass cups (p = 0.004) and the valve cups (p = 0.001) exposed to infrared radiation, compared with no infrared irradiation. Conclusion: The reduction in negative pressure inside the cups exposed to infrared radiation was greater than without infrared irradiation. Temperature increases inside the cup can lead to the risk of dropout.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.411-411
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• 2009

Low level laser therapy has various therapy effects. This paper performed the basic study for developing the Low Level Laser Therapy Equipment for medical treatment. The apparatus has been fabricated using the laser diode and microprocessor unit. This equipment was fabricated using a micro-controller and a laser diode, and designed to enable us to control light irradiation time, frequency and so on. In this study, the designed device was used to find out how infrared laser diode affected the collagen formation. For in-vivo test, a round wound 1cm in diameter was cut from the test animal whose epidermal and dermal layers were removed. Test animals were relieved for 24 hours after wounds had been excised and then the infrared laser irradiation group was given irradiation therapy over 9 days one 20 min per day. As a result, More collagenosis occurred in the order of infrared laser irradiation and non-irradiation group. Collagenosis is closely related to wound repair and it was found that infrared laser irradiation groups had more collagenosis and was quicker to recover from wound than non-irradiation group.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 1996

This study was to obtain basic information needed to develop the effective weed control method for the production of less polluted agricultural products by inducing viability loss of weed seeds in soil with infrared irradiation. Ceramic plates were heated by LPG with the aid of forced air and the infrared produced from plates was used as the heat source for heating soil. The soil heated in this study was sandy loam with four levels of moisture contents (0.5, 5.1, 9.1, 15.0% wb). The temperature distribution was measured at various soil depths when soil was irradiated with infrared for different irradiation time (30, 60, 90 sec). The soil depths with duration time of minimum 3 minutes over $80^circ C$, temperature inducing viability loss of weed seeds, were investigated. When the moisture content of soil was 0.5% and 5.1% wb, the soil depths which can induce viability loss of weed seeds was greatly increased with increasing irradiation time. When 30 seconds of irradiation time was applied on soil with moisture content of 9.1% or 15.0% wb, any depths of soil tested in this study was not reached to the temperature of 8$0^{\circ}C$. Generally, the soil depth being needed for viability loss of weed seeds was decreased with increasing moisture content of soil.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1203-1209
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• 2011

In this paper, the degradation evaluation method of VLC (Visible Light Communication) wireless module after high dose rate gamma-ray irradiation using the thermal infrared camera is proposed. First, the heating characteristics of the active devices embedded in the VLC wireless module during the condition of normal operation is monitored by thermal infrared camera. By the image processing technique, the trends of the intensity of the heat emitted by the active devices are calculated and stored. The feature of the blob area including the area of the active devices in the thermal infrared image is extracted and stored. The feature used in this paper is the mean value of the gray levels in the blob area. The same VLC module has been gamma irradiated at the dose rate of about 4.0 kGy/h during 72 hours up to a total dose of 288 kGy. And then, the heating characteristics of the active devices embedded in the VLC wireless module after high dose gamma ray irradiation is observed by thermal infrared camera. The high dose gamma-ray induced degradation of the active devices embedded in the VLC module was evaluated by comparing the mean value of the blob area to the one of the same blob area of the VLC module before the gamma ray irradiation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.266-270
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• 2007

This research was conducted to investigate antioxidant activities of Juglans mandshrica forages by the irradiation of far infrared ray during leaf drying processes before compound extraction, with its potential use for activating antioxidants. The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids in the basis of a gram leaf dry weight were maximized in 20 min at 30 V of far infrared irradiation. Total phenolic content was 25.43 mg/g in the FIR treatment, while it was 21.12 mg/g in the non-FIR treatment control. Total flavonoid content was 39.38 mg/g in the FIR treatment, while it was 32.78 mg/g in the non-FIR treatment control. The contents were decreased when the condition of far infrared ray irradiation was higher voltage and longer treatment time, exhibiting 16.93 mg/g of total phenolics and 23.78 mg/g of total flavonoids in 30 min at 50 V of far infrared irradiation. The antioxidant activities were shown to positive relationships with the contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids. In this study, we concluded that content of bioactive molecules relating antioxidant activity in Juglans mandshrica forages is optimized in 20 min at 30 V of far infrared irradiation for leaf drying process.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.135-141
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• 2023

Protection of skin cells from chronic infrared-A (IRA) irradiation is crucial for anti-photoaging of the skin. In this study, we investigated the protective activity of Rg3(S) and Rg3(S)-incorporated anionic soybean lecithin liposomes (Rg3/Lipo) with a size of approximately 150 nm against IRA-induced photodamage in human fibroblasts. The formulated Rg3/Lipo showed increased solubility in aqueous solution up to a concentration of 200 ㎍/ml, compared to free Rg3(S). In addition, Rg3/Lipo exhibited superior colloidal stability in aqueous solutions and biocompatibility for normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). After repeated IRA irradiation on NHDFs, elevated levels of cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were greatly reduced by Rg3(S) and Rg3/Lipo. In addition, cells treated with Rg3/Lipo exhibited noticeably reduced apoptotic signals following IRA irradiation compared to untreated cells. Thus, considering aqueous solubility and cellular responses, Rg3/Lipo could serve as a promising infrared protector for healthy aging of skin cells.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.316-321
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Ga-As(Gallium-Arsenide, wave length; 904 nm) infrared laser irradiation on healing of the experimentally crush injured rat sciatic nerves. The bilateral sciatic nerves of 43 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were compressed surgically with a straight hemostat (1 mm width). The right legs of all the rats were irradiated using a 27 mW Ga-As infrared laser (laser irradiated group). The radiation procedure was administered for 3 minutes every day for 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks in each group. Left legs were not irradiated and served as the control group. The numbers of total myelinated axon and degenerated myelin in the sciatic nerves of bilateral legs were measured and analyzed with mage analysis system in order to make a morphological analysis of the effect of the Ga-As infrared laser on injured nerves. Total number of myelinated axons was increased with time interval, especially in the 1, 3. and 5 week of irradiated group. Conversely, the number of degenerated myelin was decreased with time interval, especially in the irradiated group. The effects in the irradiated group were more pronounced than those of the control group. In conclusion, the Ga-As infrared laser irradiation is a useful adjuvant therapy to the regeneration of the peripheral nerve injury.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.131-134
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• 2005

The effect of far-infrared (FIR) irradiation on the antioxidant activity of extracts from rice hulls was evaluated. Rice hulls (9 g) were placed in Pyrex petri dishes (8.0 cm diameter) and irradiated at 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130 or 14$0^{\circ}C$ for 10,20,30,40,50 or 60 min with a FIR heater, respectively. After FIR irradiation, methanol extract of rice hulls was prepared, and total phenol contents (TPC) and radical scavenging activity (RSA) of the extracts were determined. FIR irradiation of rice hulls at 11$0^{\circ}C$ for 60 min increased TPC of the methanol extract from 51.6 $\mu$M to 104.3 $\mu$M compared to those of non-irradiated control. The irradiation at 12$0^{\circ}C$ for 60 min also increased RSA of the extract from 16.23% to 69.40%. These results indicated that appropriate FIR irradiation onto rice hulls could liberate the covalently bound phenolic compounds that have antioxidant activities.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.26
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• pp.13-24
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• 2021

Two wooden fish excavated from Wiryeseong Fortress on Seonggeosan Mountain in Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do Province were frail due to their deterioration within the burial environment. To prevent further deformation, conservation treatment was conducted on them to strengthen the wooden materials and stabilize the dimensions. Prior to the conservation treatment, the species of wood was determined to be pine and infrared Irradiation on the patterns remaining on the wooden fish revealed that they were depictions of carp. For conservation treatment, the wooden fish were impregnated with PEG #3, 350 in a water solution with a 40% concentration, followed by freeze-drying.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.202-207
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of monochromatic infrared energy (MIRE) on the blood flow of the superficial radial artery and local skin temperature in healthy subjects. Methods: Forty healthy volunteers were recruited and randomly assigned to MIRE group (n=20) and placebo group (n=20). The MIRE group received a 890 nm MIRE irradiation on the forearm using two therapy pads for 30 minutes. The therapy pad was composed of an array of 60 diodes. MIRE unit was set at bar 8, that corresponds to a diode power of 10 mW and a power density of $63mW/cm^2$. The placebo group received sham MIRE. Peak blood flow velocity (PBFV), mean blood flow velocity (MBFV), and skin temperature (ST) were measured pre- and post-MIRE irradiation. Results: There was a significant difference in PBFV (p<0.001), MBFV (p<0.001), and ST (p<0.001) between the pre- and post-treated values in the MIRE group. In contrast, no significant difference was found between the pre- and post-treated values in the placebo group. There was significant difference in mean change values from baseline of PBFV (p<0.001), MBFV (p<0.001), and ST (p<0.001) between the MIRE group and the placebo group. There was a significant increase in PBFV (p<0.001), MBFV (p<0.001), and ST (p<0.001) following MIRE irradiation. Conclusion: The arterial blood flow and local skin temperature of the forearm in the healthy subjects were significantly increased following MIRE irradiation.