• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.400-406
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• 2013

Water footprint means the direct and indirect water resource amount used for the life cycle of different goods, services and industries. In this study, the direct and indirect water resource consumption in industrial sectors were calculated by using water footprint evaluation method. As a result, agriculture and marine product industry takes part of 93% of whole water resource amount, showing the greatest amount of basic unit of water coefficient (637 $m^3/won$) following by petroleum and cool products industry of about 13 $m^3/won$. In the agriculture and marine product industry, the direct water consumption was only 25 billion $m^3$ compared to the indirect water, which is 130 billion $m^3$. The next highest industry was chemical product industry, which consists of 2 billion $m^3$ of the direct water and 4.5 billion $m^3$ of the indirect water consumption. In case of industries which have high direct water, it would be more effective to reduce amount of water related to the industry than to reduce water in actual process. This water footprint of each industry and evaluation method will be useful tool and method for development of national water management policy and regulation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.125-135
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• 2004

Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) in Korea has been used to improve environmental conservation and decision-making. Since environmental impact statement(EIS) was introduced in 1981 with the promulgation of the Environmental Preservation Act in 1977, which replaced the Pollution Control Act legislated in 1963. With a rapid growth of environmental perception as well as the diversification of development activities, however, it has recently bring about a strong demand for a new assessment process related to the strategic level of policies, plan, programs. Method of this study includes analyses of the situation of local EIA and its problematic issues through survey and analysis of information and data, analysis of the level of environmental awareness of professionals and case studies including analysis of foreign strategic environmental assessment. Accordingly, I have elicited a concept of SEA. In addition, I have studied on costs of environmental assessment, and efficiency of internalization of HIA. The survey was carried between September and November 2003, and 177 professionals were asks to complete a questionnaire. As a result of questionnaire survey of environmental pundits, it revealed that 83.8% of participants were in favor of introduction of strategic assessment. This result demonstrated more or less higher approval rate than those of awareness survey done by the Ministry of Environment, i.e. 86.0% ayes, and 14.0% nays. 22.8% of participants agreed to the opinion; "For introduction of this system, earlier is better," 50% reported having an opinion such as, "Will introduce this system in an earliest possible time after correcting problems," 26.3% reported having an opinion such as, "Let's decide the time for introduction of this system after correcting problems first,' and 0.9% reported having an opinion, "it's too early to introduce this system." Specifically, the ratio of ayes on introduction of the system marked 72.8%, and it revealed that a majority of respondents have an opinion such as, "Will introduce this system in an earliest possible time after correcting problems." As means of solutions for the problem regarding the limits of applications that existed in SEA System, factors, such as collecting a wide variety of opinions, securing experts, and faithful implementation, etc. were reported important, and in addition to these factors, respondents revealed having opinions such as, consistent research and development, reflection of public interest, establishment of professional organization, enforcement of after-management service, expanding investments in large, systemizing reference materials, and encouraging public participation, etc. To improve problems involving with present EIA system, it has been identified through this study that SEA is efficient and useful. In order to have SEA introduced successfully, it has been cleared that internalization of effectiveness of environmental cost together with HIA must be accomplished.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.199-234
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• 2012

Technology roadmaps (TRMs) are considered to be the essential tool for strategic technology planning and management. Recently, rapidly evolving technological trends and severe technological competition are making TRM more important than ever before. That is because TRM plays a role of "map" that align organizational objectives with their relevant technologies. However, constructing and managing TRMs are costly and time-consuming because they rely on the qualitative and intuitive knowledge of human experts. Therefore, enhancing the productivity of developing TRMs is one of the major concerns in technology planning. In this regard, this paper proposes a technology roadmapping approach based on function of which concept includes objectives, structures and effects of a technology and which are represented as Subject-Action-Object structures extractable by exploiting natural language processing of patent text. We expect that the proposed method will broaden experts' technological horizons in the technology planning process and will help to construct TRMs efficiently with the reduced time and costs.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2017

With the rise of internet of things (IoT), there have been several studies to analyze the technological trend and technological convergence. However, previous work have been relied on the qualitative work that investigate the IoT trend and implication for future business. In response, this study considers the patent information as the proxy measure of technology, and conducts a quantitative and analytic approach for analyzing technological convergence using patent co-classification analysis and text mining. First, this study investigate the characteristics of IoT business, and characterize IoT business into four dimensions: device, network, platform, and services. After this process, total 923 patent classes are classified into four types of IoT technology group. Since most of patent classes are classified into device technology, we developed a co-classification network for both device technology and all technologies. Patent keywords are also extracted and these keywords are also classified into four types: device, network, platform, and services. As a result, technologies for several IoT devices such as sensors, healthcare, and energy management are derived as a main convergence group for the device network. For the total IoT network, base network technology plays a key role to characterize technological convergence in the IoT network, mediating the technological convergence in each application area such as smart healthcare, smart home, and smart grid. This work is expected to effectively be utilized in the technology planning of IoT businesses.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.202-210
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine clean room(C/R) structure, air conditioning and contamination control systems and to provide basic information for identifying a correlation between the semiconductor work environment and workers' disease. Methods: This study was conducted at 200 mm and 300 mm semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities. The C/R structure and air conditioning method were investigated using basic engineering data from documentation for C/R construction. Furthermore, contamination parameters such as airborne particles, temperature, humidity, acids, ammonia, organic compounds, and vibration in the C/R were based on the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors(ITRS). The properties of contamination control systems and the current status of monitoring of various contaminants in the C/R were investigated. Results: 200 mm and 300 mm wafer fabrication facilities were divided into fab(C/R) and sub fab(Plenum), and fab, clean sub fab and facility sub fab, respectively. Fresh air(FA) is supplied in the plenum or clean sub fab by the outdoor air handling unit system which purifies outdoor air. FA supply or contaminated indoor air ventilation rates in the 200 mm and 300 mm wafer fabrication facilities are approximately 10-25%. Furthermore, semiconductor clean rooms strictly controlled airborne particles(${\leq}1,000{\sharp}/ft^3$), temperature($23{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$), humidity($45{\pm}5%$), air velocity(0.4 m/s), air change(60-80 cycles/hr), vibration(${\leq}1cm/s^2$), and differential pressure(atmospheric pressure$+1.0-2.5mmH_2O$) through air handling and contamination control systems. In addition, acids, alkali and ozone are managed at less than internal criteria by chemical filters. Conclusions: Semiconductor clean rooms can be a pleasant environment for workers as well as semiconductor devices. However, based on the precautionary principle, it may be necessary to continuously improve semiconductor processes and the work environment.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.153-163
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of life of clients who treated and equipped prosthesis in Eulji University Hospital in Dae-Jun City. The results of this study were as follows. The oral status of Female had more carious tooth than male had. Carious tooth(p<0.05) and losed tooth(p<0.001) was more popular in older female. The frequency of treated tooth was higher under 59 years old female than over 60 years old(p<0.01). In education category, carious tooth(p<0.05) and losed tooth(p<0.000) was more popular in low education than high education In the score of relation of OHIP-14 category and general characteristic, female was significantly higher than male in dysfunction( p<0.05), physical disorder(p<0.001) and activity disorder(p<0.05). The score was significantly higher in older than younger in dysfunction(p<0.05), physical disorder(p<0.001) and activity disorder(p<0.001). The score of education was significantly higher in low education group than high education group in physical pain (p<0.001), mental discomfort (p<0.001). The score of marriage status was significantly higher in marriaged group than other group in dysfunction (p<0.05) and mental discomfort (p<0.05). In the score of relation of OHIP-14 category and oral status, the score of carious tooth group was significantly higher in dysfunction(p<0.05), physical disorder(p<0.05) and activity disorder(p<0.05). The score of losed tooth group was significantly higher in dysfunction(p<0.05), physical pain (p<0.05), mental discomfort(p<0.05), physical disorder(p<0.05) and activity disorder(p<0.01). The score of non treated tooth group was significantly higher in dysfunction(p<0.05), mental discomfort(p<0.05), social disorder(p<0.05) and activity disorder(p<0.05). In the score of relation of OHIP-14 category and the sort of prosthesis, the score of being bridge group was significantly higher than being crown group in activity disorder(p<0.05). The OHIP-14 category and the number of prosthesis was not significant relationship. These results suggest that the information and services of the process of dental prosthesis based on subjective evaluation should be provided to clients rather than based on clinical evaluation. The continued system of oral management should be developed and provided.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.241-250
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• 2018

Recently, negative effects on human health such as disease caused by harmful environment have been dealt with seriously. In particular, studies on the effect of radon exposure, which is known as a primary carcinogen in lung cancer due to radioactive materials, have been actively studied. In Korea, since January 1, 2018, radon measurement is mandatory when building a new apartment, so it is necessary to measure the radon concentration and submit it to the local government and it should be posted where residents can see it. Radon has only recommended standards for multi-use facilities, but now it has decided to set recommendation standards for private homes. Therefore, it should now be possible to manage the radon in the environmental impact assessment phase as well as in the Post-environmental Impact Assessment. It should be possible to share health information such as the radon concentration and the risk of radon, and participation of health experts in the environmental impact assessment stage is required. Soil, air quality, hygiene and aerial items should be improved to take into account the effects of radon on human health during the environmental impact assessment process. If the level value of conncentration of radon shows above the recommended level, then alternative measures should be prepared and mitigation measures should be prepared as well.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2015

Recently many companies began to feel the pressures of cost savings due to the global recession, so they have been interested in the Cloud Computing. Cloud Computing is one of using method of IT resources through the network. Users can borrow softwares or hardwares instead of buying them. Many people expect remarkable growth in Cloud Computing industry because of it's effectiveness. But Cloud Computing industry is still at an early stage. Especially, people who in the public sector hesitate to adopt Cloud Computing Services due to security issues and their conservative views. Also, they just have limited understanding, so we need to investigate what they really know and understand. Researches about the Cloud Computing generally focus on technical issues, so we can hardly find researches reference for decision making in considering the services. The study aims to investigate diverse factors for agencies' adoption decisions, such as benefits, costs, and risk in developing the most ideal type of cloud computing service for them, and performs priority analyses by applying ANP (Analytic Network Process). The results identify that features pertaining to the risk properties were considered the most significant factors. According to this research, the usage of private cloud computing services may prove to be appropriate for public environment in Korea. The study will hopefully provide the guideline to many governmental agencies and service providers, and assist the related authorities with cloud computing policy in coming up with the relevant regulations.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect of customer acceptance of servicescape on customer satisfaction focusing in theme park service. In particular, the degree of usefulness and ease of use perceived for servicescape will ultimately have the impact on customer satisfaction through the process of service co-creation and shared values creation. In order to demonstrate this structural influence relationship, a survey of 247 undergraduate and graduate students taking service management course was conducted. The customer's acceptance of the servicescape affects the co-creation activities of the service. It creates value and contributes to the improvement of satisfaction. Looking at the results of this study in detail, it is necessary to take into consideration the usefulness of the theme park employees' clothes and symbols, etc. in servicescape, and the convenience of the facility itself is important. This servicescape reveals that customers should be comfortable with the use of real-time information on the site and that customer satisfaction can be improved by creating new shared value. This study has been limited to the theme park service which has a large-scale service field and the distribution status of many customers in real time, so it is limited to apply to the other services with detail reinterpreting.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.87-97
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• 2017

This paper examined how consumers' attitude toward the telecommunication expense was affected by news reports through the experiment. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four group (control group, high-expense-claimed-media group, low-expense-claimed-media group, and both-exposed-media group), and asked to indicate credibility & neutrality toward media report, similarity between media report, and their own thought, their attitude toward the telecommunication expense. The result of ANOVA showed that the high-expense-claimed-media was perceived more credible and neutral than the low-expense-claimed-media. ANCOVA was conducted to eliminate the impact of similarity between media report and their own thought on the evaluation of credibility & neutrality toward media report, and the result showed that there was no difference. Also, participants evaluated the telecommunication service so expensive, regardless of what kind of media reports they were exposed. We found that consumers' prior belief, which telecommunication service was expensive, might interrupt consumers' learning process for new information from media. To resolve the social pressure about mobile service rate-cutting, it is necessary to investigate how to dampen consumers' stereotype about the telecommunication expense. The future research using the framing effect could be considerable.