• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1987

The Performance of Pre-combustion Chamber Diesel Engine mainly depends upon the compression, combustion and Expansion Processes. The analysis of varying tendency of the work factors for crank angles during these processes, which are consisted of 5 items such as exothermic energy, flow work, work in nozzle part, kinetic energy and cooling energy, are considered important as basic elements for effective combustion and performance improvement. In this paper, varying tendencies of the theoretical factors are investigated with pressure data through experiments. By the results, the trends of work factors are presented as basic data for comparing the influencing effects on work.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1168-1173
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• 2004

The alignment design is one of the most influencing elements in earth work for the railway design. The amount of earth work mostly depends on the route, and the construction cost for railway construction largely depends on it. For this reason. it is necessary to develop a program for the construction cost estimation by route alternatives. This study introduces a program for the estimation of the earth work amount including the logics and the way to use.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.283-291
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the main factors influencing the culture of social welfare agencies and to find out the types of culture that they are combining through. The research method has two major processes. The first step was to conduct long-term surveys on one agency and find out the factors influencing the organizational culture. In the second step, we found a type of organizational culture by combining the elements in six agencies. As a result of research, we found leadership, openness, and locality as factors influencing organizational culture, and found that they were restricted-care, expanded-participatory, change-mixed, and stable-mixed. The results of this study are meaningful in that it reflects the complex situation of Korean social welfare organization. Future research will need to expand to the whole country in order to improve the generalization of typification.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to determine the actual state of indoor environments of solitary elderly houses in the rural district during winter and to analyze the relationship between the influencing factors and indoor physical elements. Field surveys consisted of measurements of physical elements, observations of living factors, and resident's responses in interviews. Field surveys were carried out in 4 houses from $28^{th}$ of February to $2^{nd}$ of March 2008. The elements measured were air temperature, relative humidity, floor temperature, seating-place temperature, CO2 concentration, CO concentration, and illumination. The results showed that the average indoor temperature for houses was $13.5{\sim}22.5^{\circ}C$, relative humidity was 30.6~55.4%, floor temperature was $13.9{\sim}24.0^{\circ}C$, temperature when seated was $27.6{\sim}51.1^{\circ}C$, $CO_2$ concentration was 1434.6~3305.5 ppm, CO concentration was 2.8~8.4 ppm, and illumination was 31.0~96.7 lux. The residents' clothing values were 1.10~1.78 clo. The environment was evaluated as being in an unsuitable state, and it was revealed that the main reason was the lack of heating and ventilation.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 2024

This paper explores the factors influencing the degree of freedom in open-world games, taking <The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom> as a case study, it is carefully analyzed in comparison to similar well-known games such as <Genshin>,<Elden Ring>, and <Far Cry>. It also analyzes how the player skill system and its synergy with the combination of interactive elements can effectively enhance the freedom of the game. The results show that the diversity of player skill systems not only significantly enhances the in-game strategy and depth of exploration, but also the rich combination of interactive elements further enhances players' tactical flexibility. This paper also points out that simply expanding the map size while neglecting the content richness and balance of quest design can have negative impacts on the game. This study aims to provide game developers with insights that emphasize the application of skill diversity and interactive elements to improve players' gameplay freedom and overall experience.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.105-109
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• 2004

In this study, we analyzed the influences of appraising elements such as weight, color and clarity of natural diamonds on their value in the round brilliant cut diamonds. To analyze the influences of these elements on the value of diamonds, data were made from a Rapaport Diamond Report which is the most reliable source of diamond prices. As the result of this study, it is clearly understood that color and clarity equally influenced the value of diamonds as a whole, but there were some partial variations according to grades of both elements. That is, value of clarity was higher than that of color in higher-quality diamonds but value of clarity was lower than that of color in lower-quality diamonds. Also, value of diamonds were closely co-related by three main elements which were weight, color and clarity, but weight was the most influencing element on the value of natural diamonds.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.6 s.22
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• pp.80-89
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• 2004

Among the various factors influencing construction productivity, weather conditions or elements become very important factors in planning and executing construction project. It is especially true in Korea where the weather changes dramatically through few seasons. In this study, relationship between construction productivity of the reinforced concrete structure we for the high-rise apartment buildings and 5 weather elements including temperature, humidity, day time, rainfall, and wind velocity have been analyzed The results trough regression analysis showed that weather elements explain $58.8\%$ of productivity in total and temperature and day time were more important factors among them.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.105-115
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• 2016

PURPOSES : This study was initiated to analyze the characteristics of bus traffic accidents, by bus types, using the decision tree in order to establish customized safety alternatives by bus types, including the intra-city bus, rural area bus, and inter-city bus. METHODS : In this study, the major elements involved in bus traffic accidents were identified using decision trees and CHAID algorithm. The decision tree was used to identify the characteristics of major elements influencing bus traffic accidents. In addition, the CHAID algorithm was applied to branch the decision trees. RESULTS : The number of casualties and severe injuries are high in bus accidents involving pedestrians, bicycles, motorcycles, etc. In the case of light injury caused by bus accidents, different results are found. In the case of intra-city bus accidents, the probability of light injury is of 77.2% when boarding a non-owned car and breaching of duty to drive safely are involved. In the case of rural area bus accidents, the elements showing the highest probability of light injury are boarding an owned car, vehicle-to-vehicle accidents, and breaching of duty to drive safely. In the case of intra-city bus accidents, boarding owned car, streets, and vehicle-to-vehicle accidents work as the critical elements. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, the bus accident data were categorized by bus types, and then the influential elements were identified using decision trees. As a result, the characteristics of bus accidents were found to be different depending on bus types. The findings in this study are expected to be utilized in establishing effective alternatives to reduce bus accidents.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1274-1290
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• 2010

This study analyzed the design elements and fashion images of women's knitwear in collections of Paris, Milan, London and New York between 2003 and 2008, and examined knitwear trends in an effort to verify whether knitwear trends are repeated in certain cycles, whether they show complicated patterns in cycles and yet occur in quasi cycles, or whether they occur non-periodically in complicated forms of chaotic cycles. Trend cycle analysis results are deemed to identify the time series attribute of knit fashions. It also sought to categorize the attribute of various factors influencing knitwear trends with a view to determining relevancy between design elements, and to present the direction of predicting knitwear fashion trends and the progression of short-term knitwear trends. This study reached the following conclusion. According to design elements or fashion images, knitwear fashion trends occur in cycles, quasi cycles, non-periodical cycles. These cyclic characteristics can be used as scientific data for planning knitwear products. The study confirmed close relevancy between fashion images and fashion elements. It identified close relevancy between designs with similar fashion elements and images through coordinates by year and season, and it is possible to make short-term prediction of trend direction through the flow of coordinates. Time series data were insufficient, thereby making it difficult to perfectly verify chaos indices and giving limitations to this study. A study with more time series data will produce a more effective method of predicting and using knitwear fashion trends.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.37-44
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• 2009

This study conducted an evaluation of the streetscape improvement project of the Gwangbok Street through analysis of correlations between psychological consciousness and physical elements in the street by comparing selected pictures of streetscape before and after the project. This work has conducted an analysis of Psychological characteristics by semantic differential method and an analysis of physical elements which influence psychological characteristics by regression analysis. According to the results of psychological analysis, the senses of interest, orderliness, esthetic and preference were highly improved in A district and the senses of openess, stability, orderliness were highly improved in B district. The results of analyzing physical elements influencing the improvement of these psychological consciousness in A district elucidated ; 1) the works of improving signboard and elevation of the building affected the whole these psychological consciousness, 2) the work of planting trees, making plant rests in the street improved the senses of orderliness, esthetic, 3) the work of changing finishing materials in the street enhanced the senses of esthetic, preference, 4) the work of adjusting the width between the road and the pavement, the work of improving traffic enhanced the senses of interest, preference. In the meantime in B district, the works of improving signboard and elevation of the building and those of planting trees, making plant rests in the street improved the senses of openess and orderliness. Also the work of improving traffic enhanced the senses of openess, stability and the work of expanding the pavement, that of changing finishing materials in the street improved the senses of openess, stability, orderliness.