• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Objective: Chronic otitis media is an inflammation and infection of the middle ear which is persistent. Chronic otitis media occurs when the eustachian tube becomes blocked repeatedly, multiple infections, ear trauma, or swelling of the adenoids. A chronic ear may be the result of an acute ear infection that does not clear completely, or the result of recurrent ear infections. A chronic ear infection may be more destructive than an acute ear infection because its effects are prolonged, and it may cause permanent damage to the ear. Methods : Experimental animals made use of 4-5 weeks age(weight 20-25g) ICR(male)mouse. In the breeding farm, the lighting time was controlled from 7:00 am until 7:00 pm, the temperature was controlled within $22{\pm}0.5{\circ}$ and water and food were not limited. The extracts which were extracted from Hwangginaetak-san devided low dose group( 1.0g/kg-HN) and high dose group(3.0g/kg-HN), they were intragastrically administered to the mouse of sample A and sample B prior to LPS I.P injection. Compared with inflammation induced group which were induced by LPS, we measured the WBC count, IL-6 level in plasma and TNF-${\alpha}$ level in plasma. Results: 1. Hwangginaetak-san decreased WBC count in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS 2. Hwangginaetak-san decreased IL-6 level in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS. 3. Hwangginaetak-san didn't decreased TNF-${\alpha}$ level in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS Conclusion: According to above results, Hwangginaetak-san was improved its suppression effect to the inflammatory reaction through WBC count and IL-6 level. So Hwangginaetak-san is considered to be used for treatment of chronic otitis media by controlling the WBC count and IL-6 level in plasma.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1980

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pulpal response against calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide containing various concentration of formocresol (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30%). The experiment was performed on dog's teeth (75 teeth from 5 dogs: Table 1.) and the teeth were routinly treated in laboratory procedures. Followings are the results obtained through microscopical examination. 1. In zinc oxide group, intlammatory reaction was severe in low concentrated formocresol and the (higher the concentration of formocresol the milder the inflammatory reaction was more evident. 2. In zinc oxide group, inflammatory change was milder at 3 weeks than 1 week, and proliferation of young connective tissue was seen at 3 weeks. 3. In calcium hydroxide group, inflammatory change in relation to the concentration of formocresol was not noticeable. 4. In calcium hydroxide group, repair process with decreased inflammatory reaction and fibrosis, and dentin bridge like layer was found at 3 weeks.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2010

In this study, we evaluated the effect of fibrin, a natural material, on the local inflammatory reaction of PLGA in vivo. PLGA degradation products can decrease the pH in the surrounding tissue, causing local inflammatory reaction. To solve this problem, fibrin/PLGA scaffolds were implanted in 5-week-old Wister rats. To evaluate the influence of fibrin content on inflammatory cytokine expression induced by PLGA, RT-PCR analysis was used. Fibrous wall thickness and macrophage infiltration were evaluated by H&E and ED-1 immunohistochemical staining, respectively. In this study, we showed that fibrin/PLGA scaffolds reduced inflammatory reaction as compared to PLGA scaffold. We concluded that fibrin could reduce inflammatory response of PLGA.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of resorbable plate in the healing process of mandibular fracture. Reduction and rigid fixation was carried out on the artificial mandibular fracture site of the rabbits, using a resorbable screw, 1.5mm in diameter and 4.0mm in length, and an absorbable plate 1.5mm in thickness(Lactosorb$^{(R)}$). En block tissue specimens with plate were taken from the rabbits at 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks intervals and specimen were observed with light microscope under the hematoxylin-eosin staining, to observe the inflammatory reaction and tissue healing process. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. The subject displayed good healing with no signs of detachment of the fixation plate. 2. At 4 weeks, the plate was covered by the connective tissue. Then at 6 weeks, bone regeneration was discovered around the plate. 3. During the period of healing, no inflammatory reaction or foreign body reaction, as a result of using resorbable plate, were observed. 4. At 8 weeks, the initial phase of the absorption of the plate was observed. Then at 10 weeks, macrophage were observed around the plate, indicating the absorption phase was in process. From the above results, it can be determined that when the resorbable plate is applied to rabbit, full recuperation occurs naturally in the absence of inflammatory reaction and foreign body reaction. The selected study is clinically valuable in proving this procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.87-90
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• 2006

The complication caused by a bioabsorbable interference screw is rare after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. We report a case of delayed inflammatory reaction at the tibial tunnel and femoral tunnel where the graft tendon had been fixed with a bioabsorbable interference screw ($Bioscrew^{(R)}$) for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2015

Objectives : Allergic disease has been well known as an IgE-dependent immunologic response. Recently, interest about the late inflammatory reaction has grown up as well as early allergic reaction characterized by IgE and mast cell. The purpose of this study was to find the anti-inflammatory effect of Gamiyunjo-tang(GMYJT) in allergic reaction. Methods : The experiment was performed using Raw 264.7 cells pretreated with GMYJT extracts. In this study, we observed the toxicity of cells by MTT analysis and measured the production of LPS-induced NO, $PGE_2$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ at a concentration of 50, 100, 200 and $400{\mu}g/ml$. Results : No toxicity of GMYJT (50, 100, 200, $400{\mu}g/ml$) on RAW 264.7 cells was found after 24 hours incubation. LPS-induced NO production was reduced after treatment with GMYJT (100, 200, $400{\mu}g/ml$)(P<0.05). $PGE_2$ was reduced after treatment with GMYJT (100, 200, $400{\mu}g/ml$)(P<0.05). IL-$1{\beta}$ did not decrease at any dose. IL-6 decreased at 200, $400{\mu}g/ml$(P<0.05). TNF-${\alpha}$ production decreased only at $400{\mu}g/ml$(P<0.05). Conclusions : These data suggest that GMYJT has anti-inflammatory effects in late allergic reaction.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.42-65
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• 2010

Objectives : Betula platyphylla var. japonica extract (BPE) was used to determine the modulation of cytokine secretion, the activation of inflammatory and allergic factor and the inhibition of gene expression. Inflammatory and allergic cytokines as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-${\alpha}$, NO and COX-2 were measured to use effectively on improvement or treatment of atopic dermatitis. Methods : We used NC/Nga mouse induced by atopic dermatitis to observe the effects of BPE on the weight, water and feed, blood test, weight of organs, histological change, total IgE and histological change of main organs. Results : BPE is effective on anti-inflammatory and allergic reaction. However, further study is needed to prove which component of BPE indicates effective pharmacological action. Conclusions : The above results suggest that Phellinus igniarius Quel extract could be applicable for improvement of several skin functions.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 2002

In the age of puberty or 20-30th young people who are sensitive to outward appearance, acne is serious problem at beauty and has social and psychological influence on that people. So this experiment is carried out for test whether the addition temperament drugs of Yungyopaedock-san(YP) have an anti-inflammatory effect and have suppression effect on immunocyte in the state of inflammation which induced by acne. The results was as follows. 1. YP has suppress inflammatory reaction induced by carageenan. 2. YP has suppress increasing activation of abdominal cavity macrophage in the carageen and zymosan induced inflammation. 3. YP has suppress increasing activation of spleen cell in the carageenan and zymosan induced inflammation. Based on the above result, YP was improved its suppression effect to the inflammatory reaction through the suppression of spleen cell and macrophage activation. So we concluded that YP is prospected as a anti-inflammatory agent to cure inflammation induced by ance.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.500-514
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to observe the tissue response in applying staples and various suture materials to both scalp and buccal mucosa in rabbits. 18 rabbits were divided into 6 groups. The incised wounds of both scalp and buccal mucosa were sutured with staples, polyglactin 910, chromic catgut, mer silk and nylon. The experimental animals were sacrificed after 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 days posto peratively 3 animals at one time. The tissue was stained with Hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson's Trichrom. In light microscopic examinations, the sutured sites were examined histologi cally according to 6 degrees about inflammation and collagen deposit. The results were obtained as follows, 1. The chromic catgut, an absorbable suture material, was absorbed by 7 days, whereas polyglactin 910 and mersilk began to get absorbed after 7 days. 2. Mersilk manifested a broad range of inflammation in the scalp, and both staple and nylon showed a severe inflammatory reaction in the buccal mucosa. 3. With polyglactin 910, both tissue samples showed only minor foreign body reaction, however in the scalp, the process of fibrosis took place compara tively slowly, whereas in the buccal mucosa, it occurred promptly and manifested active fibrosis by 7 days. 4. Mersilk showed widespread a matrix formation in both scalp and buccal mucosa, and showed the most severe inflammatory reaction by 3 days, which did not seem to decrease even after 7 days. 5. Both staple and nylon showed relatively a severe inflammatory reaction, however fibrosis took place rather promptly compared to the other groups. 6. Generally, in the buccal mucosa fibrosis occurred more promptly than in the scalp in both control and experimental groups. 7. Retention of the suture material and stability of the knot were the best with the staple, and better stability was manifested by the multi-stranded poly glactin 910 and mersilk than singlestranded chromic catgut and nylon. From above results, in the buccal mucosa absorbable suture materials especially polyglactin 910 showed better response in the aspect of inflammatory reaction, while in the scalp monofilament suture materials such as staple and nylon manifested a early fibrosis and collagen formation.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2010

Mast cell-mediated allergic disease is involved in many diseases such as anaphylaxis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. The discovery of drugs for the treatment of allergic disease is an important subject in human health. In the present study, the effect of water extract of Gleditsiae Spina (WGS) (Leguminosae), on compound 48/80-induced systemic allergic reaction, anti-DNP IgE antibody-induced local allergic reaction, and histamine release from human mast cell line (HMC-1) cells were studied. In addition, the effect of WGS on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187 (A23187)-induced gene expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines were investigated using HMC-1 cells. WGS was anally administered to mice for high and fast absorption. WGS inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic allergic reaction. WGS dose-dependently decreased the IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. WGS reduced histamine release from HMC-1 cells. In addition, WGS decreased the gene expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in PMA plus A23187-stimulated HMC-1 cells. These findings provide evidence that WGS could be a candidate as an antiallergic agent.