• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2012

The free muscle-sparing transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (MS-TRAM) and deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps involve transferring skin and subcutaneous tissue from the lower abdominal area and have many features that make them well suited for breast reconstruction. The robust blood supply of the free flap reduces the risk of fat necrosis and also enables aggressive shaping of the flap for breast reconstruction to optimize the aesthetic outcome. In addition, the free MS-TRAM flap and DIEP flap require minimal donor-site sacrifice in most cases. With proper patient selection and safe surgical technique, the free MS-TRAM flap and DIEP flap can transfer the lower abdominal skin and subcutaneous tissue to provide an aesthetically pleasing breast reconstruction with minimal donor-site morbidity.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.198-202
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• 2021

Super-selective renal artery embolization is an increasingly popular technique for the management of traumatic, low-grade renal trauma. When performed in distal arterial branches, this intervention enables tissue preservation and arrest of hemorrhage, but it may not be practical in cases of multifocal, high-grade renal injuries. In such cases, surgical nephrectomy remains the more common treatment modality to ensure hemodynamic control. We present the unique case of a patient who presented in hemorrhagic shock following a major trauma that resulted in a grade 5 renal injury treated with complete renal artery embolization using Gelfoam, resulting in hemodynamic stabilization. Interestingly, imaging 1 month after embolization revealed residual enhancement of the inferior pole of the kidney, suggesting reconstitution of flow and partial renal salvage. Ultimately, transcatheter "nephrectomy" with careful selection of a temporary embolic agent may serve as a safe and efficient alternative to surgical nephrectomy with the added possibility of preserving partial renal perfusion and function in the emergent setting.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2009

소나무 수형목 풍매차대를 대상으로 수고생장에 대하여 일반조합능력을 평가하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 가계는 총 232가계로 각 수령별 10년생 230가계, 20년생 184가계, 30년생 122가계를 대상으로, 차대검정림에서의 수고 생장 조사 자료를 이용하였다. 차대검정림은 1975년부터 조성하기 시작하여 1987년까지 모두 7회에 걸쳐 1~4 지역에 조성하였다. 이러한 조성 년도, 지역의 차이를 표준화를 통하여 균일한 수치로 보정하여 가계선발을 하였다. 각각의 차대검정림에서 10년, 20년, 30년생을 대상으로 조사한 수고생장 자료를 이용하여 각 수령에서 우수가계와 불량가계를 선발하였다. 상대수고생장속도는 초기 10년생 까지는 가계간 차이가 있었으며 최고 0.6 정도의 높은 값을 나타낸 반면 15년생 이후 0.04로 낮은 값으로 가계간에 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 현재 가장 수령이 많은 차대검정림은 35년생이며 가장 적은 수령은 23년생이다. 이러한 수령의 차이에 따른 선발 오차를 줄이고자 가계간 큰 차이가 나타나지 않은 15년생 이후의 평균상대수고생장속도를 이용하여 각 가계의 수고를 35년생으로 변형시켰으며, 검정림수를 고려하여 가계별 조합능력을 산출하였다. 이러한 선발 방법에 의하여 수고생장이 우수한가계로 충북2호, 강원2호 등의 가계를 선발할 수 있었으며, 불량가계로 경기1호, 강원158호 등을 선발 할 수 있었다. 각 선발 수령간 순위 상관을 분석한 결과 추정된 35년생과 30년생의 상관계수는 0.881이었으며, 20년생은 0.653, 10년생은 -0.222로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해서 소나무 풍매 차대 232 가계의 수고생장에 대한 일반조합능력을 산출하였으며, 이를 이용하여 향후 환경에 대한 가계간 즉 유전적 영향의 상호작용을 구명할 수 있을 것이다. 순위 상관에 있어서 우수가계의 경우에는 30년생과 추정된 35년생에서는 유사하게 나타났지만 10년생과 20년생에서의 순위와는 많은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 불량가계의 경우에는 각 수령에서 모두 유사한 것으로 나타나 우수가계에 비하여 불량가계가 빨리 고정되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2007

진동원을 포함하고 있는 제품이 불량품일 경우 비정상 소음진동이 발생하게 된다. 최근 자동차 부품업계 등에서 생산되는 제품의 진동소음 관련 품질을 판별하는데 있어 주로 사람의 청각을 사용하여 판별하는 소음감각 판정방법을 개선하여 제품의 진동신호를 계측 및 분석하여 판별하는 시스템의 도입이 시도되고 있다. 이러한 추세에 따라 Window Regulator Module에 대한 판별과정에 자동화된 품질 판단시스템의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이를 위해 LabVIEW를 이용한 진동모니터링 프로그램을 개발하였으며, 가속도계를 이용하여 Sector gear 이음부분의 진동신호를 계측 및 분석하여 모니터링 하였다. 양품과 불량품의 진동신호 특성을 분석하여 모니터링 함으로써 보다 정확하게 양품여부를 판명할 수 있게 되었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.775-793
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• 2023

Human decision-making is a complex behavior. A replication of human decision making offers a potential to enhance the capacity of intelligent systems by providing additional user assistance in decision making. By reducing the effort and task complexity on behalf of the user, such replication would improve the overall user experience, and affect the degree of intelligence exhibited by the system. This paper explores individuals' decision-making processes when using recommender systems, and its related outcomes. In this study, human decision-making (HDM) refers to the selection of an item from a given set of options that are shown as recommendations to a user. The goal of our study was to identify IS constructs that contribute towards such decision-making, thereby contributing towards creating a mental model of HDM. This was achieved through recording Electroencephalographic (EEG) readings of subjects while they performed a decision-making activity. Readings from 16 righthanded healthy avid readers reflect that reward, theory of mind, risk, calculation, task intention, emotion, sense of touch, ambiguity and decision making are the primary constructs that users employ while deciding from a given set of recommendations in an online bookstore. In all 10 distinct brain areas were identified. These brain areas that lead to their respective constructs were found to be cingulate gyrus, precentral gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, posterior cingulate, medial frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate, postcentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus (also referred to as dorsolateral prefrontal gyrus (DLPFC)). The identified constructs would help in developing a design theory for enhancing user assistance, especially in the context of recommender systems.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.41.1-41.23
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various local anesthesia (LA) in vital asymptomatic teeth. Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing pulpal anesthesia of various LA on vital asymptomatic teeth were included in this review. Searches were conducted in the Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar and 3 field-specific journals from inception to May 3, 2019. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool were done by 2 independent reviewers in duplicate. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed within the frequentist setting using STATA 15.0. The LA was ranked, and the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) line was plotted. The confidence of the NMA estimates was assessed using the CINeMA web application. Results: The literature search yielded 1,678 potentially eligible reports, but only 42 were included in this review. For maxillary buccal infiltration, articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 was more efficacious than lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000 (odds ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-3.89). For mandibular buccal infiltration, articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 was more efficacious than various lidocaine solutions. The SUCRA ranking was highest for articaine 4% with epinephrine when used as maxillary and mandibular buccal infiltrations, and lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:80,000 when used as inferior alveolar nerve block. Inconsistency and imprecision were detected in some of the NMA estimates. Conclusions: Articaine 4% with epinephrine is superior when maxillary or mandibular infiltration is required in vital asymptomatic teeth.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the first branch of the bladder meridian (FBBM) as determined by the proportional bone measurement method (PBMM), to the line formed by the erector spinae muscle group, and to establish an academic basis for selection of acupuncture points and needling. Methods: Sixty participants were divided into 3 groups based on body mass index (BMI) and into 2 groups based on waist/height ratios. The distance from the midline of the spine to the first branch of the bladder meridian with PBMM (DFBBM), and the distance from the midline of the spine to the most elevated fleshy region of the erector spinae (DMEFR), at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous processes of L1-L5, were measured. The DFBBM and the 5 DMEFRs were then analyzed according to BMI and the waist/height ratio. Results: DFBBM was statistically different from DMEFR in all back-shu points in the lumbar region. DFBBM was not significantly different from DMEFR in the groups with a high BMI or waist/height ratio. However, there was a statistical difference in the groups with a low or moderate BMI or low waist/height ratio. Conclusion: Since the location of the most elevated fleshy region of the erector spinae does not coincide with the location of the FBBM, the selection of back-shu points in the lumbar region must be performed precisely by PBMM.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.174-181
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• 1999

The palatine tonsils(tonsils) and pharyngeal tonsils(adenoids) are situated at the entrance of the respiratory and alimentary tracts and represent the first site of contact with a variety of microorganisms and other antigens present in food and inhaled air. They are known as lymphoid organs carrying out the function of cellular and humoral immunity, and so they form a local protective barrier. And the expression of the vascular endothelial adhesion molecules is known to play an important role for the inflammatory reaction in tonsils and adenoids as well as in other inflammatory tissues, by binding with the receptors on the surface of leukocytes. But although several scientific hypotheses on the role of these lympoid tissues have been suggested, their complete functions have remained unknown. The purpose of this study is to present an basic data of the knowledge on the immunologic physiology of the tonsils and adenoids and their role as active immunologic organs that reinforce the mucosal immunity of the entire upper aerodigestive tract. We examined 16 human tonsils and adenoids and the expression of three endothelial adhesion molecules, vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), and E-selection, in tissue sections using immunohistochemistry. We used the inferior turbinate mucosa obtained from 9 patients getting septal surgery as a control group. The expressions of vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were significantly higher in the tonsils and adenoids. But respectively, there were no significant differences between the tonsils and adenoids. The expression of E-selection was significant higher in the tonsils, but not in the adenoids. We observed that tonsils and adenoids showed significantly higher expressions of vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), and E-selection (in the case of E-selection, only in the tonsils). We propose that these adhesion molecules play an important role for the immunologic reaction by the transendothelial migration of lymphocytes and binding with the receptors on the surface of leukocytes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.241-244
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• 2013

The authors describe the use of a self-expandable stent in a temporary deployment for treatment of a very wide-neck A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysm following incomplete clipping. A 39-year-old hypertensive man presenting with seizure-like movement underwent computed tomography, which showed acute subarachnoid hemorrhage and an A1 segment of ACA aneurysm with superior and inferior projection. He underwent surgical clipping of the aneurysm, but superior and posterior portion of wide-neck aneurysm remained. We decided to treat the remnant aneurysm using an endovascular modality. After selection of the aneurysm, coil packing was performed assisted by the temporary semi-jailing technique. The Enterprise stent (Cordis Neurovascular, Miami, FL, USA) was deployed and recaptured repeatedly for angiography to ensure safety of the small caliber parent artery. Successful semi-deployment and recapture of the stent allowed subtotal coil occlusion of the aneurysm with good anatomic and clinical results. No complications were encountered. The stent could be recaptured up to the point where the proximal end of the stent marker was aligned with distal marker band of the microcatheter, approximately 70% of the stent length. The temporary semi-jailing technique is feasible for wide-neck aneurysm with small caliber parent artery.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1771-1781
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• 2018

The emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, as well as fungal infectious diseases that further threaten health, especially in immunodeficient populations, is a major global problem. The development of new antifungal agents in clinical trials is inferior to the incidence of drug resistance, and the available antifungal agents are restricted. Their mechanisms aim at certain characteristics of the fungus in order to avoid biological similarities with the host. Synthesis of the cell wall and ergosterol are mainly targeted in clinical use. The need for new approaches to antifungal therapeutic agents or development alternatives has increased. This review explores new perspectives on mechanisms to effectively combat fungal infections and effective antifungal activity. The clinical drug have a common feature that ultimately causes caspase-dependent cell death. The drugs-induced cell death pathway is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cytochrome c release. This mechanism of action also reveals antimicrobial peptides, the primary effector molecules of innate systems, to highlight new alternatives. Furthermore, drug combination therapy is suggested as another strategy to combat fungal infection. The proposal for a new approach to antifungal agents is not only important from a basic scientific point of view, but will also assist in the selection of molecules for combination therapy.