• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제76권2호
• /
• pp.80-83
• /
• 2014

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are at higher risks of bacterial pneumonia than the general population, and the pathogen is the most commonly involved Streptococcus pneumoniae. We hereby report a case of pneumococcal pneumonia associated with leptomeningitis, osteomyelitis and epidural abscess in a patient with AIDS. He is being successfully treated with ampicillin/sulbactam and clindamycin. And because the pneumococcal infection is usually associated with morbidity and mortality rates in the setting of AIDS, we should consider for pneumococcal vaccinations among the AIDS populations.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제60권1호
• /
• pp.2.1-2.5
• /
• 2018

Infectious Bursal Disease is a severe viral disease of chicken responsible for serious economic losses to poultry farmers. The causative agent, Infectious Bursal Disease virus, is inhibited by nitric oxide. Root extract of the Indian ginseng, Withania somnifera, inhibits Infectious Bursal Disease virus in vitro. Also, Withania somnifera root extract is known to induce nitric oxide production in vitro. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine if the inhibitory activity of Withania somnifera against Infectious Bursal Disease virus was based on the production of nitric oxide. We show that besides other mechanisms, the inhibition of Infectious Bursal Disease virus by Withania somnifera involves the production of nitric oxide. Our results also highlight the paradoxical role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of Infectious Bursal Disease.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.56-64
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the practices of preventing infectious diseases by daycare center teachers. The focus was on the mediating effects of self-efficacy in the relationship between communication skills and practices of preventing infectious diseases. Methods: This study used a descriptive correlational design. The participants were 164 daycare center teachers. Hierarchical regression was used to test the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between communication skills and practices of preventing infectious diseases. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression. The mediation effect was analyzed using an SPSS Macro program, PROCESS. Results: Significant relationships were found between communication skills and practices of preventing infectious diseases (β=.19, p<.001), self-efficacy and practices of preventing infectious diseases (β=.59, p<.001), and communication skills and self-efficacy (β=.27, p<.001). Self-efficacy had a significant mediating effect (β=.17, 95% confidence interval=0.07~0.29) on practices of preventing infectious diseases. Conclusion: In order to improve practices of preventing infectious diseases among daycare teachers, it is necessary to develop and apply interventions and methods that can increase effective communication skills and self-efficacy.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.88-96
• /
• 2022

Widespread infectious diseases are a concern for workers working in confined spaces. However, there is no risk assessment index for the risk of infectious disease in the workplace. Therefore, we propose a simple but effective index model to assess the risk of infectious diseases in the workplace. The proposed model identifies the risk of each workplace through an evaluation sheet comprising the frequency and intensity of the infectious disease. The intensity of an infectious disease is generally governed by the density of workers, whereas frequency is the sum of physical-e nvironmental and human management factors. By multiplying intensity and frequency, the risk of the workplace is derived. Through the proposed model, we evaluate the risks of workers at 15 different work sites. The proposed model clearly reveals what should be improved to keep workers safe from infectious diseases and will be helpful in assessing the risk of contagious disease at the work place.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2024

Chronic infectious diseases refer to diseases that require a long period of time from onset to cure or death, the use of therapeutic vaccines has recently emerged to eradicate diseases. Currently, clinical research is underway to develop therapeutic vaccines for chronic infectious diseases based on various vaccine formulations, and the recent success of the messenger RNA vaccine platform and efforts to apply it to therapeutic vaccines are having a positive impact on conquering chronic infectious diseases. However, since research on the development of therapeutic vaccines is still relatively lacking compared to prophylactic vaccines, there is a need to focus more on the development of therapeutic vaccines to overcome threats to human health caused by chronic infectious diseases. In order to accelerate the development of therapeutic vaccines for chronic infectious diseases in the future, it is necessary to establish a clear concept of therapeutic vaccines suitable for the characteristics of each chronic infectious disease, as well as standardize vaccine effectiveness evaluation methods, secure standards/reference materials, and simplify the vaccine approval procedure.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.34-45
• /
• 2012

본 논문은 생물학적 바이러스의 특성과 감염 경로 및 감염 절차를 이용한 전염성 정보은닉(infectious information hiding, IIH) 기술 기반의 비디오 콘텐츠 보호 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 IIH 시스템에서는 비디오 콘텐츠 보호에 필요한 중요 정보들을 전염성 바이러스로 간주하며, 콘텐츠 및 코덱을 숙주 및 감염 매개체로 하는 새로운 패러다임의 비디오 콘텐츠 보호 기술을 제시하였다. 전염성 정보로써 병원체, 돌연변이 및 감염체 바이러스를 모델링 하였으며, 주요 기술도구로써 전염성 정보 인증, 커널 기반 IIH, 콘텐츠 기반 IIH 및 전염성 정보 생성 기술도구들을 정의하였다. 마지막으로 기존의 간단한 정보은닉 알고리즘들을 각각 커널기반 IIH 및 콘텐츠 기반 IIH로 간주하여 시뮬레이션 함으로써 제안한 IIH 시스템의 가능성을 검증하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제57권3호
• /
• pp.155-158
• /
• 2017

Surgical castration performed to reduce male-associated problems results in pain and microbial infections in male animals. Therefore, immunocontraception, which is mediated by the animal's own antibodies against reproductive hormones, has been recommended as an alternative to surgical castration when considering the animal's welfare. In this study, a new immunocontraceptive vaccine composed of six tandem copies of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) fused to rat granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was developed, and its efficacy was evaluated in male rats. Three different doses (10, 50, and $100{\mu}g$) of recombinant GM-CSF-GnRH protein were injected three times at intervals of two weeks into male rats. The rats vaccinated with three doses of GM-CSF-GnRH produced a significantly higher level of antibodies against GnRH than that in the negative control rats. Severe atrophy of gonads was observed in rats vaccinated with three doses of GM-CSF-GnRH but not in the negative control rats. The results reveal that the new GnRH vaccine conjugated with rat GM-CSF induces efficient immunocontraception in male rats. This formulation of the immunocontraceptive vaccine would be applicable to both domestic and pet male animals.

• Infection and chemotherapy
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.357-361
• /
• 2018

While carbapenems are the drug of choice to treat extended-spectrum-${\beta}$-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, some alternative carbapenem-sparing regimens are suggested for antibiotic stewardship. We experienced a case of ciprofloxacin treatment failure for acute pyelonephritis caused by an apparently susceptible Escherichia coli. A 71-year-old woman presented the emergency department with fever for 7 days and bilateral flank pain for 2 days. The laboratory results and abdominopelvic computed tomography finding were compatible with acute pyelonephritis. During 3-day ciprofloxacin therapy, the patient remained febrile with persistent bacteremia. After the change in antibiotics to ertapenem, the patient's clinical course started to improve. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were identified in all three consecutive blood samples. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, serotypes, and sequence types showed the three isolates were derived from the identical strain. The isolates produced CTX-M-14 type ESBL belonging to the ST69 clonal group. Despite in vitro susceptibility, the failure was attributed to a gyrA point mutation encoding Ser83Leu within quinolone resistance-determining regions. This case suggests that ciprofloxacin should be used cautiously in the treatment of serious infections caused by ciprofloxacin-susceptible, ESBL-producing E. coli, even in acute pyelonephritis because in-vitro susceptibility tests could fail to detect certain genetic mutations.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2024

Patients with acute respiratory diseases, such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) due to COVID-19, must wear masks, protective clothing, face shields, and gloves to prevent infection during treatment and performance. Even if it is applied to disabled people, families who protect them are severely mentally tired from severe physical fatigue and stress from exposure to high-risk infectious diseases. As such, the spread of infectious diseases such as respiratory diseases has not only caused difficulties in using existing welfare and medical services but also caused various problems throughout the daily life of disabled people due to the prolonged infectious disease, and its scope is gradually expanding. Therefore, it should not be overlooked that disabled people may experience various difficulties, from the spread of infectious diseases such as respiratory diseases to isolation, diagnosis, and treatment, and it is time to actively assess the life changes felt by families caring for disabled people and consider and research to provide adequate services. According to the survey of disabled people is being conducted in the context of the spread of infectious diseases such as respiratory diseases, while research on the spread of infectious diseases such as respiratory diseases is rare for parents with disabilities. There is a need for additional investigation into the characteristics in other areas of everyday life, including the health field, which is deteriorating through prior research. Therefore, through this survey, the purpose of this study is to investigate the life changes of parents with disabilities in the context of the spread of infectious diseases such as respiratory diseases and to compare and analyze them to find out how parents were affected by each type of disability. It will be used as evidence to identify more necessary needs and problems for parents with disabilities in the spread of infectious diseases such as respiratory diseases and to provide more appropriate health care and welfare services in the future.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 연령대에 따른 생애주기별 감염병에 대한 지식, 태도, 예방 및 관리에 대한 교육요구도를 파악하여 교육프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료의 제공이다. 2021년 2월 한 달 동안 한국갤럽의 온라인·모바일 조사를 통해 만 19세 이상 성인 328명을 조사하였다. 연구내용은 일반적 특성, 감염 관련 개인위생실천, 감염 관련 지각된 위험성, 감염병에 대한 중요도 및 지식정도, 감염병 예방 및 관리에 대한 교육요구도이다. 조사 자료는 PASW Statistics ver 20.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하였다. Borich 요구도 공식으로 환산하여 중요도와 지식정도를 합산하여 순위를 분석한 결과 1순위(Borich 3.11)는 감염병의 치료 방법, 2순위(Borich 2.15)는 감염병 의심 및 확진 시 처리절차, 3순위(Borich 1.75)는 감염병의 전파경로, 4순위(Borich 1.73)는 감염병의 예방 방법, 5순위(Borich 1.50)는 감염병의 진단 및 검사방법, 6순위(Borich 1.45)는 감염병의 특성, 7순위(Borich1.38)는 감염병의 주요 증상 등으로 조사되었다. 본 연구 결과는 감염병 예방 및 관리에 대한 교육요구도를 반영한 교육프로그램 개발을 통해 대상자의 신체건강, 정신건강 및 심리적 안녕감을 증가시키는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.