• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.22-32
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• 1995

A partial characteristics and pathogenicity of Aeromonas salmonicida strain isolated from diseased cultured eel were studied. On the biochemicial characteristics of the isolate strain was classified into atypical Aeromonas salmonicida : the characteristics of the isolate strain differed from those of the subspecies of Achromogenes, masoucida and salmonicida. It strain was named atypical Aeromonas salmonicida EL-1 and it grew at optimal pH 7.5 and l% Nacl. In the pathogenicity test, at one to two days post infection, the motality of artificially infected eels with $1{\times}10^8$ and $1.0{\times}10^7$ cfu/fish group was 100%, and at three days pos-infection, in the $1.0{\times}10^6$ /cfu /fish infected group, the epizootic haemorrhagic ulcer was developed, and haemorragic red sports were formed around abdomen and fins and its died (40%). Total cell protein peptide bands of the A. salmonicida EL-1 were presented betweeon 11.8~102 Kd in molecular weight by the electrophoretic analysis and appeared 28 bands in all. Drug sensitivity of atypical A. salmonicida EL-1 strain was sensitivity to chlorampenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole /trimethoprim and intermidiate to ampiclin and neomycin resistant to cephalotin, erythromycin, lincomycin and tetracycline.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.607-613
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• 2004

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infection is an important pathogen of stomach cancer after chronic gastritis and ulceration in the stomach and duodenum. However, the virulences of H. pylori strains have not been well-defined between clinical isolates. This study was designed to establish water-immersion-restraint stress (WIRS) model in mongolian gerbil for comparison of pathogenicity of H. pylori strains. To determine an optimal duration time for WIRS model in gerbil, 5-week-old Mongolian gerbils were divided into different groups by WIRS duration time. After graded duration of WIRS, the macroscopic ulcer index (UI) was measured with the stomach and duodenum of sacrificed animal. There were no significant differences between male and female in same duration group. However, the UI increased significantly in a time-dependent fashion. The group of 6 hours-WIRS animals showed severe hemorrhage and ulceration in their stomach and duodenum. On the other hand, the very mild lesions induced in 2 hours-treated animals. Therefore, we determined an optimal duration time for WIRS model in gerbil as 4 hours. Thereafter, we evaluated whether this WIRS model in gerbil could be used as an useful tool for in vivo comparison of pathogenicity of H. pylori strains by enhancement of pathological severity in H. pylori-infected gerbils. Mongolian gerbils were divided into H. pyloriinfected and PBS-inoculated groups. Thereafter, they were divided again into 4 hours-WIRS and no WIRS subgroups. After treatment, the severity of pathological changes was evaluated in a same manner with previous duration-determining experiment. When the animals were exposed to WIRS, the UI was significantly higher in the infected group than in the uninfected group. These results suggested that the established gerbil-WIRS model in this study enhanced effectively the severity of pathogenic changes in the H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils and could be used as an useful tool for in vivo comparison of pathogenicity of H. pylori strains.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.93-119
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• 2004

Acanthamoeba and Naegleria are widely distributed in fresh water, soil and dust throughout the world, and cause meningoencephalitis or keratoconjunctivitis in humans and other mammals. Korean isolates, namely, Naegleria sp. YM-1 and Acanthamoeba sp. YM-2, YM-3, YM-4, YM-5, YM-6 and YM-7, were collected from sewage, water puddles, a storage reservoir, the gills of a fresh water fish, and by corneal washing. These isolates were categorized into three groups based on the mortalities of infected mice namely, highly virulent (YM-4), moderately virulent (YM-2, YM-5 and YM-7) and nonpathogenic (YM-3). In addition, a new species of Acanthamoeba was isolated from a freshwater fish in Korea and tentatively named Korean isolate YM-4. The morphologic characters of its cysts were similar to those of A. culbertsoni and A. royreba, which were previously designated as Acanthamoeba group III. Based on experimentally infected mouse mortality, Acanthamoeba YM-4 was highly virulent. The isoenzymes profile of Acanthamoeba YM-4 was similar to that of A. royreba. Moreover, an anti-Acanthamoeba YM-4 monoclonal anti-body reacted only with Acanthamoeba YM-4, and not with A. culbertsoni. Random amplified polymorphic DNA marker analysis and RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA and of a 188 small subunit ribosomal RNA, placed Acanthamoeba YM-4 in a separate cluster based on phylogenic distances. Thus Acanthamoeba YM-4 was identified as a new species, and assigned Acanthamoeba sohi. Up to the year 2002 in Korea, two clinical cases were found to be infected with Acanthamoeba spp. These patients died of meningoencephalitis. In addition, one case of Acanthamoeba pneumonia with an immunodeficient status was reported and Acanthamoeba was detected in several cases of chronic relapsing corneal ulcer, chronic conjunctivitis, and keratitis.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.827-836
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• 1999

Numerous persons complained dyspepsia even though no specific objective findings are revealed by imaging study, laboratory examinations and other clinical research. To find out of so many symptoms what they are, I would to approach by two ways. One way is oriental medical literatural study and the other is Helicobacter pylori infection that is accepted as one of most important causal factors of many gastric diseases. Background/Aims: Recently, the role of Helicobacter pylori as a causal factor in the etiology of gastric cancer, peptic ulcer, gastritis and low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma is well known. Using endoscopy, biopsy urease testing and histology are recommanded as the tests of choice. Serological test is not recommanded at the moment because of its low sensitivity and espicially low specificity. The urea breath test is more sensitive and specific noninvasive test than serologic test, but it is not widely available yet. Methods/Results: We studied 90 cases by diagnostic endoscopy as a screening test for the persons complaining gastrointestinal symptoms. As a result eighteen persons are revealed to be Helicoacter pylori infected histologicaly. Conclusion: More specific literatural studies are requied.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2011

Herpes simplex is caused by viruses of the herpesvirus hominus family. HSV have four categories: type 1, 2, 6, and 8. Generally HSV-1 affects the mouth. Once infected by HSV, the person's infection is permanent. Retrograde transport through adjacent neural tissue to sensory ganglia leads to a lifelong latent infection. Recently, we treated a patient with recurrent herpes-stomatitis mimicking acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG). The results were satisfactorty so we report this case. 31 years old male patient showed sore throat, gingival ulceration, palpable both submandibular lymph node, and sulcular pus formation around posterior decayed teeth. This is the third time he has suffered from this symptom. Tentative diagnosis was acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Antibiotic therapy was started. But, intraoral symptom got worse in process of time. Especially ulcer of marginal gingiva got worse. Viral disease was suspected. We carried out viral cultivation. At the same time topical application of antiviral ointment (herpecid$^{(R)}$) was performed on oral ulcer unilaterally for the purpose of diagnosis and reducing pain experimentally. The next day pain was decreased dramatically on application area. Basing on the viral cultivation and clinical effect of antiviral ointment (herpecid$^{(R)}$), we have diagnosed it as a recurrent herpes-stomatitis and concluded that viral infection was major cause of disease and bacterial infection was secondary.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to present the clinical significance of rectus abdominis free muscle flap for large sized diabetic ulcer and necrosis of the foot to salvage limb. From June 2000 to February 2006, eleven patients were included in our study. There were seven males and four females with a mean age of 58.3 years (48~65) at the surgery. All had a history of diabetics and subsequent huge soft tissue defect caused by necrotizing abscess formation around the foot and the ankle. After complete debridement of large sized, infected necrotic tissue, susceptible intravenous antibiotics and wound care were done. After control of infection, confirmed by clinical and laboratory findings, the rectus abdominis free muscle flap was applied to cover remained large soft tissue defect and to prevent the recurrence of infection. All flaps survived and it provided satisfactory coverage for the soft tissue defect on the foot and the ankle area for a mean of 41.1 months (24~85) follow up period. All except of one patients did not have any recurrence of infection on the operation site and could salvage their limbs. The rectus abdominis free muscle flap could be recommended for large sized soft tissue defect after necrotizing abscess in diabetic foot to salvage major limb.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2020

Purpose: Gastric delta cells (D-cells), which are somatostatin-secreting cells, are the main paracrine inhibitor of acid secretion. The number of D-cells was studied in children presenting with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) disease. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the number of D-cells in the gastric body and antrum through immunofluorescence examinations according to symptoms, endoscopic findings, and Helicobacter pylori infection in 75 children who visited Hanyang University Hospital Pediatrics. Results: The mean patient age was 12.2±3.3 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.4. The mean D-cell number per high-power field in the antrum and body was 20.5 and 12 in children with substernal pain, 18.3 and 10.3 in vomiting, 22.3 and 6 in diarrhea, and 9.3 and 6 in abdominal pain, respectively (p>0.05). According to endoscopic findings, the mean D-cell number in the antrum and body was 14.3 and 6 with gastritis, 14 and 9.3 with reflux esophagitis, 16.7 and 8.7 with duodeno-gastric reflux, 19.3 and 12.7 with gastric ulcer, 16 and 13.7 with duodenitis, and 12.3 and 4 with duodenal ulcer, respectively (p>0.05). The D-cell number in the gastric body was 2.7 and 8.7 in children with current H. pylori infection and non-infected children, respectively (p=0.01), while those in the antrum were 15.5 and 14, respectively, with no statistical significance. Conclusion: The D-cell number was lower in the gastric body of children with current H. pylori infection. Further studies concerning peptide-secreting cells with a control group would provide information about the pathogenic pathways of UGI disorder.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.492-499
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• 2008

목 적 : H. pylori의 감염은 세균의 병독 인자, 숙주 인자, 환경 인자가 복합적으로 작용하여 다양한 위장관 병변을 일으킨다. H. pylori의 병리 기전으로 지금까지는 주로 세균의 병독성에 초점을 맞추었으나 최근에는 숙주의 위점막 면역반응이 주목을 받고 있다. 소아는 술, 담배, 약물과 같은 환경 인자의 영향이 적어 연구에 적합한 대상이며 감염 초기를 반영한다는 측면에서 중요한 의의가 있음에도 불구하고 소아에서 위점막 면역반응에 관한 연구가 거의 없다. 이에 H. pylori 감염 소아에서 위점막 림프구를 분석하여 소아에서 H. pylori 감염으로 인한 국소 면역반응의 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : H. pylori 양성 소화궤양군 10명, H. pylori 양성 위염군 15명, H. pylori 음성 대조군 20명에서 얻은 위전정부 생검조직에서 hematoxylin-eosin 염색과 modified Giemsa 염색을 시행하여 개정된 시드니 체계에 따라 위염의 정도를 점수화하였다. 위점막에서 림프구 면역표현형을 알기 위해 CD3, CD4, CD8 T세포와 CD20 B세포에 대한 면역조직화학염색을 시행하였으며 점막 고유층에서는 400배 고배율 현미경 하에서 $0.0625m^2$ 당 양성 림프구 수를 기록하였고, 상피세포 내에서는 100개 상피세포 당 양성 림프구 수를 기록하였다. 결 과 : 림프구 침윤은 점막 고유층에서 상피세포 내보다 확연히 많았다. 점막 고유층에서 H. pylori 양성군에서 대조군에 비해 CD3, CD4, CD8 T세포와 CD20 B세포가 유의하게 증가하였고(P<0.01) H. pylori 양성 소화궤양군은 위염군과 달리 대조군에 비해 CD8 T세포가 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.01). 한편, 상피세포 내에서는 H. pylori 양성 소화궤양군과 위염군 모두 대조군에 비해 CD4 T세포가 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.01). H. pylori의 밀도, 다핵형 중성구의 활동성, 만성 염증 정도와 림프구 수는 점막 고유층에서 상피세포 내보다 더 밀접한 상관관계가 있었다. 결 론: H. pylori에 감염된 소아의 국소 면역반응은 주로 위점막 고유층에서 일어나며 T세포와 B세포가 함께 관여하였다. H. pylori 양성 소화궤양군에서 점막 고유층의 CD8 T세포가 유의하게 증가하여 임상질환과 점막면역의 연관성을 추정할 수 있었다. 향후 H. pylori 감염에서 국소 면역반응으로 야기되는 점막 손상, 연령과 인종에 따른 차이, 임상질환과의 연관성 등에 대하여 더 많은 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2007

Marjolin's ulcer is a rare and often-aggressive cutaneous malignancy that arises in previously traumatized or chronically inflamed skin, particularly after burns. We experienced two cases after burns. Case I involved a forty eight year-old man who had suffered from a flame burn at the parietal scalp area, where had been initially described three years earlier as a full-thickness wound including the pericranium. The man consulted us for a persistent ulcerative and infected wound on the burned lesion during the last 24 months, which turned out on the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be the squamous cell carcinoma with involving the skull and the dura mater. Although the posterior auricular lymph node was enlarged on the ipsilateral side, recent positron emission tomography (PET) CT did not show any metastatic lesion. It was impossible for us to resect the intracranial involvement of the tumor radically, and the postoperative PET CT still showed a focal fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake around the wall of the superior sagittal sinus. We think that an aggressive combined approach is essential for treatment in early stages for a high success rate, before the intracranial structures are involved because there is no consensus on the treatment for advanced disease, and the results are generally poor. Case 1 also did not involve a radical resection because of the intracranial invasion to the wall of superior sagittal sinus and the possibility of damage to the major cortical veins. He received adjuvant radiotherapy and must be followed periodically. Case 2 involved an eighty six year-old women who suffered from a painful scalp ulcer lesion after flame burns three years earlier. Unlike case 1, neither tumor infiltration into the dura nor lymph node enlargement was observed on the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or positron emission tomography (PET) CT. We did a radical resection of the tumor, including the involved bone, and a cranioplasty with bone cement.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2009

목 적: H. pylori는 소아기에 감염되어 대부분 무증상으로 지내나 소수에서 위장질환을 일으킨다. 정확한 기전은 아직 밝혀지지 않았으나 세균의 병독성 인자, 숙주 인자, 환경 인자가 복합적으로 작용한다. 소아에서 H. pylori 유전형과 임상질환의 연관성은 지역과 인종에 따라 다양하고 위점막 림프구에 관한 연구도 일치된 보고가 없다. 이에 H. pylori 감염 소아에서 H. pylori 유전형과 위점막 림프구의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: H. pylori 감염 소화궤양군 10명과 H. pylori 감염 위염군 15명에서 채취된 후 냉동보관 되었던 위전정부 생검 조직에서 DNA를 분리하고 cagA, cagE, vacA, babA2의 특이적인 시발체로 중합효소연쇄반응을 시행하여 H. pylori 유전형을 분석하였다. 유전형과 임상질환, 조직 소견 및 위점막 림프구의 상관성을 비교하였다. 결 과: H. pylori 유전형 중 cagA 양성률은 80%, cagE 양성률은 60%였다. vacA는 s1m1이 84%, s1m2가 16%였으며 babA2 양성률은 88%였다. 가장 흔한 유전형 조합은 cagA+/vacA s1m1+/babA2+ 조합으로 68%에서 관찰되었다. cagA, cagE, vacA, babA2의 유전형에 따른 임상질환과 조직 소견 및 CD3, CD4, CD8 T세포 수와 CD20 B세포 수는 점막 고유층과 상피세포 내 모두에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론: 소아 H. pylori 감염에서 cagA, cagE, vacA 및 babA2 유전형과 위점막 림프구는 유의한 상관성이 없었다. 향후, H. pylori가 숙주의 면역을 회피하고 지속적으로 살아남아 다양한 위장질환을 일으키는 병인을 규명하기 위해 H. pylori 감염 소아를 대상으로 위점막 면역반응에 대한 대단위 연구가 필요하다.