• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2006

Cerebral palsy(CP) is one of the most common motor disease, due to brain injury during fetal and neonatal development which results in neuromotor paralysis and associated neuromuscular symptoms. Features of CP include motor disability due to the lack of muscle control, often accompanied by sensory disorders, mental retardation, speech disorders, hearing loss, epilepsy, behavior disorders, etc. There are increasing chances of treatment of dental patients with cerebral palsy, as the occurrence of CP is increasing with the decrease in infant mortality and an increase in immature birth and premature birth and also, there is a trend to pursue of higher quality of life. Reports on the relationship between CP and maxillofacial deformity are uncommon, but it is well known that the unbalance and discontrol of the facial muscles, lip, tongue and the jaws leads to malocclusion and temporomandibular joint disorders, and statistics show that class 2 relationship of the jaws and open bite is frequently reported. However, it is difficult to perform maxillofacial deformity treatment, which consists of orthodontic treatment, maxillofacial surgery and muscle adaptation training, due to difficulties in communication and problems of muscle adaptation caused by difficulties in motor control which leads to a high recurrence rate. This case report is to trearment of maxillofacial deformity in CP patient. A 26 year old female patient came to the department with the chief complaint of prognathism of the mandible and facial asymmetry. According to the past medical history, she was diagnosed as cerebral palsy 1 week after birth, classified as GMFC, classII accompanied with left side torticollis. The patient's intelligence was moderate, and there were no serious problems in communication. For two years time, the patient underwent lingual frenectomy, pre-operation orthodontic treatment and then bimaxillary orthognathic surgery to treat mandibular prognathism and facial asymmetry followed by rehabilitatory exercise of facial muscle. After 6 months of follow up, there was a good result. This is to report to the typical signs and symptoms of DFD in CP patient and the limitation of the usual method of the treatment of DFD in CP patient with literature review.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권9호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Montelukast sodium in the prevention of bronchopulmonarydysplasia (BPD). Methods: The Interventional study was designed as a multicenter, prospective, and randomized trial, with open labeled and parallel-experimental groups, 66 infants were enrolled and allocated to either the case group (n=30) or the control group (n=36) based on gestational age (GA). Infants in the case group were given Montelukast sodium (Singulair) based on their body weight (BW). Zero week was defined as the start time of the study. Results: The incidence of moderate to severe BPD was not different between the groups (case group: 13 of 30 [43.3%] vs. control group: 19 of 36 [52.8%], P=0.912). Additionally, secondary outcomes such as ventilation index, mean airway pressure and resort to systemic steroids were not significantly different. There were no serious adverse drug reactions in either group, and furthermore the rate of occurrence of mild drug related-events were not significantly different (case group: 10 of 42 [23.8%] vs. control group: 6 of 48 (15.8%), P=0.414). Conclusion: Montelukast was not effective in reducing moderate or severe BPD. There were no significant adverse drug events associated with Montelukast treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.209-212
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• 2007

장병성 선단 피부염은 위장관에서 아연 흡수가 제대로 되지 않아 발생하는 질환으로서 주로 이유기의 영 유아에 호발하고 상염색체 열성 유전하는 질환이다. 홍반, 인설, 가피, 건선양 피부와 습진의 특징적인 피부 병변이 개구부와 사지 말단 부위에 대칭적으로 나타나고, 만성 설사, 탈모증, 조갑 주위염, 그리고 성장 장애가 나타나는 드문 질환이다. 혈중 아연 농도가 대부분에서 떨어져 있지만 정상 혈중 농도에서도 말초 조직 내의 아연 농도가 떨어지면 증상이 나타난다. 다른 원인 질환이 없고 만삭으로 정상 분만한 모유 수유 영아에서 조직학적으로 일치하며, 혈중 아연 농도는 정상이지만 모발에서 아연 농도가 떨어진 장병성 선단 피부염 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2003

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is usually a disease of premature infants, but occasionally it affects the term neonate. Twenty-five infants with NEC were treated at Asan Medical Center between January 2000 and December 2002, and 13 of them were term infants. In each case, the diagnosis of NEC was established by a clinical illness fulfilling the Bell's stage II or III NEC as modified by Walsh or by surgical findings. There were six males and seven females. The birth weight was from 1,960 to 3,700 g. The age at diagnosis was from 1 to 40 days. Four patients had congenital heart disease: one of who had hypothyroidism and cleft palate. Abdominal distension was present in all, and bloody stools in four. One patient had history of hypoglycemia, three had Rota viral infection. Eight patients had leucopoenia (<$5.0{\times}10^9/L$), seven had thrombocytopenia (<$100{\times}10^9/L$), and three severe thrombocytopenia (<$50{\times}10^9/L$). Laparotomy was required in 10 of the 13 patients. Indications for operation in the acute phase were failure to respond to aggressive medical therapy in five, and perforation in three patients. There were two late phase operations for intestinal stricture and fistula. There were no operative complications. Ten of thirteen patients survived (76.9%). Two patients died of septic complication. There was a delayed death due to heart failure. There was a significant difference in survival according to platelet count ($50{\times}10^9/L$) (p<0.05). Congenital heart disease and Rota viral infection are associated with NEC in term infants and thrombocytopenia and leucopoenia may be surgical indications.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1990

저자들은 1986년 7월부터 1990년 6월까지 만 4년간 영남대학교 의과대학 외과학교실에 입원하여 수술로서 확진된 선천성 십이지장 폐쇄증 환자 16명을 대상으로 임상분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 총 16명중 남아 11 명, 여아 5명으로 남아에서 2.2배 호발하였으며 입원시 연령은 생후 1개월 이내가 13예로 81%를 차지하였다. 2. 선천성 십이지장폐쇄의 원인으로는 중장 이상회전이 8예(50%)로 가장 많았으며, 환상 췌장 6예, 제1형 십이지장폐쇄와 wind-sock기형이 각 1예였다. 그리고 환상췌장 1예에서 장이상회전이 공존하였다. 3. 총 16명중 미숙아 2명, 저체중아 6명이었으며, 2예에서 산모의 양수과다증이 존재하였다. 형제중 발생순위는 초산아가 9예로 가장 많았다. 4. 주요 임상증상으로는 구토가 15예로 거의 전례에서 나타났고 이중 12예가 담즙성이었다. 증상발현으로 전체환자의 56%가 생후 첫주내에 입원하였다. 5. 진단은 주증상과 단순복부촬영상 특징적인 쌍기포 소견을 봄으로 가능했으며 부분폐쇄가 의심되는 경우는 중장염전과의 조기감별을 위해 상부위장관 조영술 및 대장조영술을 시행하였다. 6. 중장이상회전 8예에서는 Ladd 술식 6예, Ladd술식에 장절제문합 1예, 염전을 풀고 Ladd술식 1예를 시행하였으며, 나머지 8예에서는 십이지장십이지장 문합술 4예, 십이지장공장 문합술 2예, Ladd술식에 십이지장십이지장 문합술 1예, 십이지장 격막 제거술 1예를 시행하였다. 술후 고농도 영양주입법은 5예에서 시행하였다. 7. 동반된 기형은 6명의 환자에서 10예가 발견되었으며, Down's 증후군 및 십이지장 전방 문맥이 각 2예로 가장 많았다. 8. 수술합병증은 총 5예(51%)로 창상감염 2예, 폐염 1예, 장폐쇄증 2예였다. 술후 사망하였던 경우는 단 한명도 없었으며 16명 모두 현재까지 특별한 문제없이 건강하게 자라고 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권9호
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• pp.480-488
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• 2021

Background: An adequate large-scale pediatric cohort based on nationwide administrative data is lacking in Korea. Purpose: This study established the National Investigation of Birth Cohort in Korea study 2008 (NICKs-2008) based on data from a nationwide population-based health screening program and data on healthcare utilization for children. Methods: The NICKs-2008 study consisted of the Korean National Health Insurance System (NHIS) and the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children (NHSPIC) databases comprising children born in 2008 (n=469,248) and 2009 (n=448,459) in the Republic of Korea. The NHIS database contains data on age, sex, residential area, income, healthcare utilization (International Classification of Diseases10 codes, procedure codes, and drug classification codes), and healthcare providers. The NHSPIC consists of 7 screening rounds. These screening sessions comprised physical examination, developmental screening (rounds 2-7), a general health questionnaire, and age-specific anticipatory guidance. Results: During the 10-year follow-up, 2,718 children (0.3%) died, including more boys than girls (hazard ratio, 1.145; P<0.001). A total of 848,048 children participated in at least 1 of the 7 rounds of the NHSPIC, while 96,046 participated in all 7 screening programs. A total of 823 infants (0.1%) weighed less than 1,000 g, 3,177 (0.4%) weighed 1,000-1,499 g, 37,166 (4.4%) weighed 1,500-2,499 g, 773,081 (91.4%) weighed 2,500-4,000 g, and 32,016 (5.1%) weighed over 4,000 g. There were 23,404 premature babies (5.5%) in 2008 compared to 23,368 (5.6%) in 2009. The developmental screening test indicated appropriate development in 95%-98% of children, follow-up requirements for 1%-4% of children, and recommendations for further evaluation for 1% of children. Conclusion: The NICKs-2008, which integrates data from the NHIS and NHSPIC databases, can be used to analyze disease onset prior to hospitalization based on information such as lifestyle, eating habits, and risk factors.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2018

Purpose: We assessed the influence of antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) on the inhospital outcomes of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) infants. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with singletons born at $23^{+0}$ to $33^{+6}weeks$ of gestation at Seoul National University Hospital from 2007 to 2014. We compared clinical outcomes between infants who received ACS 2 to 7 days before birth (complete ACS), at <2 or >7 days (incomplete ACS), and those who did not receive ACS in IUGR and AGA infants. Multivariate logistic regression using Firth's penalized likelihood was performed. Results: 304 neonates with 91 IUGR neonates were eligible. Among AGA neonates, mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02 to 0.78), hypotension within 7 postnatal days (aOR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.64), and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death (aOR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.77) were lower in complete ACS group after adjusting for pregnancy induced hypertension and uncontrolled preterm labor. Mortality (aOR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.78), hypotension (aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.70), and severe BPD or death (aOR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.92) were also lower in the incomplete ACS group. Among IUGR infants, after adjusting for birth weight and 5-minute Apgar score, inhaled nitric oxide use within 14 postnatal days was lower in both complete ACS (aOR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.67) and incomplete ACS (aOR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.37) groups. Conclusion: ACS was not effective in reducing morbidities in IUGR preterm infants.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2021

목적: 산모의 산전 항생제 사용은 여러가지 면에서 태아 및 신생아에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 극소 미숙아 또는 극소 저체중출생아에서 산모의 산전 항생제 투여 기간이 신생아 예후에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 방법: 2015년 9월부터 2020년 12월까지 고려대학교 안암병원에서 출생한 재태주수 32주 미만 또는 출생 체중 1,500 gram 미만인 신생아 및 산모를 대상으로 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 산모의 산전 항생제 투여 기간에 따라 미투여 군, 7일 이하 군, 7일 초과 군의 세 군으로 나누어 산모의 특성, 환아의 특성 및 합병증 등을 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 총 145명 중 93명의 환아가 산전 항생제에 노출되었으며, 그 중 35명(37.6%)는 7일 이하 군, 58명(62.4%)는 7일 초과 군이었다. 7일 초과 군은 미투여 군에 비해 재태 연령에 따른 출생체중의 Z-score가 교란변수 보정 후에도 유의미하게 높았다(beta, 0.258; standard error, 0.149; P<0.001). 다변량 로지스틱 회귀 분석에서 7일 초과 군은 사망(adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.926; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.482-53.775), 그리고 사망, 괴사성 장염, 후기 패혈증의 복합 평가 결과와 연관이 있었다(aOR, 2.375; 95% CI, 1.027-5.492). 결론: 산모의 장기간 산전 항생제 투여는, 극소 미숙아 또는 극소 저체중출생아에서 재태 연령에 따른 출생체중의 Z score을 증가시키며, 사망 뿐 아니라 사망, 괴사성 장염, 후기 패혈증의 복합 평가 결과의 위험도를 증가시킬 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.316-323
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• 2023

Objective : Owing to advances in critical care treatment, the overall survival rate of preterm infants born at a gestational age (GA) <32 weeks has consistently improved. However, the incidence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has persisted, and there are few reports on in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate trends surrounding in-hospital morbidity and mortality of preterm infants with severe IVH over a 14-year period. Methods : This single-center retrospective study included 620 infants born at a GA <32 weeks, admitted between January 2007 and December 2020. After applying exclusion criteria, 596 patients were included in this study. Infants were grouped based on the most severe IVH grade documented on brain ultrasonography during their admission, with grades 3 and 4 defined as severe. We compared in-hospital mortality and clinical outcomes of preterm infants with severe IVH for two time periods : 2007-2013 (phase I) and 2014-2020 (phase II). Baseline characteristics of infants who died and survived during hospitalization were analyzed. Results : A total of 54 infants (9.0%) were diagnosed with severe IVH over a 14-year period; overall in-hospital mortality rate was 29.6%. Late in-hospital mortality rate (>7 days after birth) for infants with severe IVH significantly improved over time, decreasing from 39.1% in phase I to 14.3% in phase II (p=0.043). A history of hypotension treated with vasoactive medication within 1 week after birth (adjusted odds ratio, 7.39; p=0.025) was found to be an independent risk factor for mortality. When comparing major morbidities of surviving infants, those in phase II were significantly more likely to have undergone surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (29.2% vs. 0.0%; p=0.027). Additionally, rates of late-onset sepsis (45.8% vs. 14.3%; p=0.049) and central nervous system infection (25.0% vs. 0.0%; p=0.049) were significantly higher in phase II survivors than in phase I survivors. Conclusion : In-hospital mortality in preterm infants with severe IVH decreased over the last decade, whereas major neonatal morbidities increased, particularly surgical NEC and sepsis. This study suggests the importance of multidisciplinary specialized medical and surgical neonatal intensive care in preterm infants with severe IVH.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.36-46
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• 2009

목적 : 본 저자들은 국내 57개 병원을 대상으로 2007년 한 해 동안 원내출생아의 특성과 분포 및 신생아 중환자실 입원 환자의 특성과 분포, 그리고 사망률을 조사하였다. 방법 : 2008년 3월 신샹아 중환자실을 갖춘 곳 중 전국 57개 개 병원으로부터 2007년 한해 동안 발생하였던 신생아 출생 및 사망에 관한 설문을 보내고 회신을 받아 그 결과를 분석하였다. 그 내용에는 1) 원내 총 출생아의 재태기간별, 출생체중별 분포, 2) 신생아중환자실 입원 환자의 재태기간별, 출생체중별 분포 및 사망률이 포함되어 있었으며, 이 결과를 1996년 및 2002년에 조사되었던 한국의 결과와 비교하였다. 결과 : 총 40,433의 신생아 원내출생이 57개 병원으로부터 조사되었으며, 미숙아, 만삭아, 과숙아는 각각 24.2%, 75.6%, 0.2%의 출생빈도를 차지하였다. 또한, 저체중 출생아, 정상체중아, 과체중아는 각각 22.0%, 74.6%, 3.4%로 조사되었는데, 특히 국소 저체중출생아와 초극소 저체중출생아는 각각 4.6%와 1.7%이었다. 2007년 한 해 동안 전국 57개 병원의 신생아 중환자실에서 입원치료를 받은 환자의 분포를 보면, 재태기간에 따라 조사된 총 인원수는 21,957명, 출생체중에 따라 조사된 총 인원수는 21,356명으로 조사되었다. 이들의 사망률은 미숙아, 만삭아, 과숙아에서 가각 4.5%, 0.7%, 3.7%이었고, 특히 재태기간 32주 미만에서는 11.3%, 보다 작은 재태기간 28주 미만에서는 26%의 높은 사망률을 보이고 있었다. 1996년과 2002년의 국내 자료와 비교하여 보면, 미숙아, 저체중출생아, 초극소 저체중출생아의 출생수는 현저히 증가하고 있었으며, 이들의 사망률은 감소하는 양상을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론 : 본 저자들은 과거 1996년과 2002년의 국내 조사 결과와 2007년의 본 연구 결괄ㄹ 비교해 보았을 때 미숙아, 저체중출생아와 초극소 저체중츨생아의 빈도가 증가하고 있으며, 이들의 사망률은 현저히 감소하고 있음을 확인하였다. 비록 한국 미숙아 진료의 결과가 개선되고 있는 것으로 조사되었으나, 아직도 초미숙아의 사망률은 높기 때문에 이들의 치료에 보다 많은 노력을 기울여야 할 것으로 생각된다.