• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2012

The coflow velocity effect on the minimum extinguishing concentration(MEC) was investigated experimentally in heptane cup-burner flames. Various inert gases($N_2$, Ar, $CO_2$, He) were added into the oxidizer to find the critical concentration and the effectiveness of the agents on flame extinction. The experimental results showed that the MECs were increased with increasing coflow velocity for most inert gases except helium, but the higher coflow velocity induced the lower burning rates of heptane. This indicated that the increase of coflow velocity resulted in the decrease of fuel velocity evaporated from fuel surface, and hence the stain rate on the reaction zone was also decreased. In the case of helium as a additive, the extinguishing concentration was independent of the coflow velocity because the heat conductivity was ten times larger than the other inert gases and flow effect by a strain rate might be compensated for heat loss to the surroundings.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2009

Extinguishing limits of laminar ethylene/oxygen flames in both normal and inverse co-flow jet burner have been determined experimentally and computationally. An inert gas($N_2$, Ar, $CO_2$) was added into the oxidizer to find the critical concentration and the effectiveness of the agents on flame extinction. The experimental results showed that the physical aspect of inert gases was main mechanism for flame blow-out as same as cup burner test, but the flow effect should be considered to determine the extinction concentration. The numerical prediction was performed with modified WSR model and the result was in good agreement with the measurements. The experimental and numerical methods could be used for the assessment of various flame suppression agents such as minimum extinguishing concentration.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.541-546
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• 2003

문헌에 보고된 기존의 비활성 기체의 증기압 측정값을 이용하여 환원증기압과 환원온도 형태의 아래와 같은 식의 상수 A, B, C, D와 지수 n을 구하는데 사용하였다: $InP_r=A+{\frac{B}{T_r}+CInT_r+DT_n^r}$ 오차분석법에 의해 위 식에 적용되는 비활성 기체의 각 기체 Ar, Kr, Xe, He과 Ne에 대한 가장 정확한 지수와 4개의 상수를 얻었다. 위 식을 통해 각 기체의 증기압을 계산하기 위해서 필요한 것은 정상 끓는점, 임계압력 및 임계온도뿐이며 5개의 비활성 기체의 406개 증기압 실험값에 적용하여 본 결과 전체 평균편차가 0.31% 였다. Ar, Kr, Xe에 대한 평균편차는 각각 0.24%, 0.09%, 0.22%였으며, Ne은 1.31%, He은 0.61%이다. 이러한 결과는 He과 연관된 큰 양자효과와 Ne에 대한 적은 양자효과 때문에 예상된 것이다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2004

불활성기체 중 할론의 대체소화제로 쓰이는 Ar, N2, CO2의 물성값을 실험식을 통하여 계산값을 구하였다. 문헌에서 얻은 실험값을 실험식에 대입하여 얻은 계산값과 비교하여 상관계수를 구하였다 회귀분석을 통하여 실험식에 의한 계산값과 실험값과의 일치성과 정확성을 검증하였으며 일치성이 낮은 실험식에 대하여서는 새로운 실험식을 제안하였다. 1대기압일 때, Ar, $N_2$, $CO_2$의 점도, 밀도, 열용량, 표면장력에 대한 실험값을 통하여 실험식을 검증하였으며 새로 제안된 실험식에서는 이상의 물성을 온도에 의한 함수로 표시하고 비교하였다. Ar, $N_2$, $CO_2$의 포화압력도 온도에 의한 함수로 표시하고 기존에 제안된 실험식과 비교하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 실험식의 상관계수는 0.99이상이었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to assess the extinguishing concentration of inert gases in engine nacelle fire. The experiment was performed with a two dimensional rectangular bluff body stabilized flames, where the fuel was ejected to counter flow and co-flow against an oxidizer stream. Two inert gases, $CO_2$ and $N_2$, were used for extinguishing agent in the oxidizer and methane was used for fuel. The main experimental parameters were the direction of injecting fuel, the kinds of agent and the velocity ratio between air and fuel streams, which controlled the mixing characteristic near bluff body and the strength of recirculation zone in the downstream. The result shows the flame structure and the mode were strongly dependent with fuel/air ratio and the fuel jet direction. For both flow configurations, the extinguishing concentration of $CO_2$ was smaller than the $N_2$ because of the large heat capacity of $CO_2$. However, the concentration of inert gasesat blowout was much smaller than those in the cup burner and coflow jet diffusion flames, which implies that the extinction mechanism of bluff body stabilized flames was mainly due to the aerodynamic aspect. Compared to co-flow fuel injection, the extinguishing concentration of inert gases under counter flow configuration was lower. The effect of direction might result from the mixing characteristic and strength of recirculation zonearound a bluff body. More details should be investigated for the characteristic of recirculation zone in the wake of bluff body using the LES(Large Eddy Simulation).

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2004

지구 환경 보호를 고려한 불활성가스계의 혼합물인 IG-541소화제가 개발되었다. 소화제는 물성에 의한 특성 및 효율성, 환경에 미치는 영향뿐만 아니라 안정성, 경제성을 고려해야한다. 이러한 불활성 가스계의 대체 소화제에 사용되는 $N_2$, Ar, $CO_2$의 순수 및 혼합물의 물성을 수집하여 비교하였다. 불활성 가스계 대체소화제의 물성 중 밀도, 점도, 표면장력을 온도에 대한 변화와 혼합물에서 몰 분율의 변화에 관해 비교하였다. 3성분계 혼합물 중 50% $N_2$, 40% Ar, 10% $CO_2$(mol. %)의 조성인 혼합물에서 밀도가 높고, 점도가 낮으며, 표면장력이 순수 성분 보다 높지 않아 소화제로서 유리하다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2009

An experimental study on the unsteady effect of the extinction limit was performed in ethene jet diffusion flames. To impose the unsteadiness on jet flames, the amplitude and frequency of a co-flow velocity was varied, and the two inert gases, $N_2$ and $CO_2$, were used to dilute the oxidizer for extinguishing concentration. The experimental results shows that large amplitude of velocity induces a low extinguishing concentration, which implies that flow variation affects the blow out mechanism. Also, the flow oscillation effects under high frequency attenuates the flame extinction. These results means that flow unsteadiness extends the extinction limit and finally minimum extinction concentration by inert gases. When the Stoke's 2nd Problem is introduced to explain the flow unsteadiness on extinction concentration, the solution predicts the effect of amplitude and frequency of velocity well, and hence it is concluded the effect of low frequency velocity excitation was attributed only to flow effect.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2007

The experiment was done to investigate extinguishing concentrations of different inert gases of verying concentrations made in contact with Kerosene. The experimental results obtained are as follows; at a standard amount of air flow was 40L/min, the extinguishing concentration of Argon, Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide and Helium for Kerosene were 36.5%, 27.3%, 17.4%, 12.3%, respectively. And, according to these results, Helium of 12.3% showed the lowest extinguishing concentration.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2013년도 제46회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.73-76
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• 2013

The inert gas dilution effect for the stability of a stratified propane premixed flame has been experimentally studied. The addition of inert gases to a stratified premixed flame, which used to be very stable without dilution, makes a flame unstable. The lower equivalence ratio on the outer premixed flame and the lower fuel flow rate through the inner nozzle were observed to be the more stable conditions for the stratified premixed flame with nitrogen or argon dilution. It has been interpreted with the flame structure change such as shift of stoichiometric ratio region in a flame.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1996년도 제11회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.149-149
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• 1996