• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.32 no.10
• /
• pp.803-811
• /
• 2022

Despite the importance of traditional Korean fermented foods, little is known about the microbial communities and diversity of fermented soy products. To gain insight into the unexplored microbial communities of both Doenjang (DJ) and Ganjang (GJ) that may contribute to the fermentation in Korean traditional foods, we carried out next-generation sequencing (NGS) based on the V3-V4 region of 16S rDNA gene analysis. The alpha diversity analysis results revealed that both the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were significantly different between the two groups, whereas the richness indices, including ACE, CHAO, and Jackknife, were not significant. Firmicutes were the most dominant phylum in both groups, but several taxa were found to be more abundant in DJ than in GJ. The proportions of Bacillus, Kroppenstedtia, Clostridium, and Pseudomonas and most halophiles and halotolerant bacteria, such as Tetragenococcus, Chromohalobacter, Lentibacillus, and Psychrobacter, were lower in DJ than in GJ. Linear discriminant effect size (LEfSe) analysis was carried out to discover discriminative functional biomarkers. Biomarker discovery results showed that Bacillus and Tetragenococcus were identified as the most important features for the classification of subjects to DJ and GJ. Paired-permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) further revealed that the bacterial community structure between the two groups was statistically different (p=0.001).

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2023

This study proposes an integrated use of region and industry as a way to classify firms' innovation activities by type. Existing studies have used the method of determining innovative activities according to the components of the technological regimes and aggregating them by industry classification, but this method cannot fully reflect the heterogeneity within industries in an increasingly sophisticated innovation environment. Therefore, this study divides firms by region and industry and conducts a cluster analysis on the proportion of innovative activities by the components of the technological regimes to derive a total of four innovation types. Using the 2016 Korean Innovation Survey to classify innovation types in the manufacturing industry, we found that innovation activities are concentrated in Seoul, Busan, Incheon, and Chungnam/ Sejong/ Daejeon area, with different deviations by region and industry. The results of the aggregation of industrial innovation activities, weighted by corporate activity by region, show that the level of innovation activity in some manufacturing industries, such as petrochemicals, manufacturing of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks, is high, but the level of innovation in other sectors within the manufacturing industry is generally low.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2013

With remarkable development of industry and technology, various chemical articles are developed to improve the quality of human life, yet some of chemicals are hazardous to human and the environment. However, safety control of chemical articles such as transportation, storage, and handling is emerging as a major issue lately. The road transportation needs well-organized safety management system, especially it has high probability of accidents. In this research, we point out problems in current state and related regulation of transportation of dangerous goods to compare the regulation in UN-RTDG. In addition, we suggest the enhancement law, the plan for standardization of classification in road transportation of dangerous goods and harmonization of labeling in transportation of dangerous goods to contribute to human health and environment protection.

• Plant Journal
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 2020

This study analyzes the requirements for international standardization by studying the approach to international standardization of equipment and bulk materials in the offshore oil & gas industry, and describes the prioritization of standardized equipment and the result of standardization in the first stage. Currently, international standardization activities can be classified into three activities. First, international standardization activities of bulk materials led by three major domestic shipbuilders, second, JIP33 equipment standardization activities led by IOGP, and finally, And standardization activities of UEJIP equipment centered on classification society. This study classifies various international standards applied in the offshore oil & gas industry, and introduces the activities of standardization activities of class-leading equipment and actual application examples.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.133-145
• /
• 2015

Objectives: Food safety has become one of the major public-concerning issues in Korea. In order to set guidelines to create manuals for the response to a food safety crisis by food industry, this paper classified food safety crises and suggested techniques to determine crisis level. Methods: This study clarified common terminologies and definitions including in food safety crises. It reviewed various food safety crises and described characteristics, types, and states of crises. Results: The results of this study suggested that a food safety crisis implied a situation in which hazards/risk spreading in the food supply chain was widely described, causing strong public concern followed by a socioeconomic impact, and therefore, requiring the implementation of a prompt and full response regarding the situation. In terms of seeking response plans, food safety crises might be classified according to the penalties resulting from violations of laws and regulations, causative substances, stages of the food supply chain, and first contact point for incidents. The crisis level for a food safety crisis could be classified according to its severity parameters. The guideline matrix was divided into four major stages: Blue/guarded, Yellow/elevated, Orange/high, and Red/severe. This study also suggested several methods for determining the crisis level, such as the simple judgement method, scoring methods using a check-list and a weighted check-list. Conclusion: The severity of related parameters might be of great importance in understanding a crisis and determining response options/challenges for crisis levels.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.208-216
• /
• 2020

The Integrated Offshore Standard Specification (IOSS) involves Korean shipyards, classification societies, research institutes, the Korean industrial society, engineering companies, and oil companies with the objective of reducing costs and risks without compromising safety in international offshore engineering procurement construction (EPC) projects using new standardized bulk components and qualification procedures. The activities of the IOSS include the analysis of the existing rules and regulations to achieve the best standardization, which is reflected in the best practices, and minimize the variables in regulations and rules. In addition, a standard inventory of shapes and dimensions, referred to as specifications, is proposed in the IOSS. In this paper, the aluminum tertiary standardization part (IOSS S102-1/2 S104: Specification for Structural Tertiary Design) is presented with the details of the procedures, background reviews, and cost-benefit analyses of the design and verification methods for standard designs in the IOSS standardization items. Based on the cost-benefit analysis, the application of standardized aluminum tertiary items to offshore projects has significant advantages in terms of maintenance and repair compared to the carbon steel tertiary items utilized in current industrial practices.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.644-646
• /
• 2007

On-line game industry had accomplished much growths and development. One in pain of the game enterprises according to quality of on-line comes to be short Game production pipeline and it is suitable in quick production schedule and to be easy to the standard research of form by of 3D game character animations which are various the game production at the time of application is possible, operation by and type by in necessity. Element by model classification of the digital base game character which is used in game it set from the research which it sees and research it analyzed and the fundamental data which is necessary to 3D game character animation productions escape it tried. And the digital motioncapture it applies a cap department system and real picture of the character animation which is various at real-time the control research moving and it advances at the time when the effectiveness is short highly in game industry and digital contents industry application the character animation production process which is possible and production pipeline escape the reporter to do it does.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.107-127
• /
• 2013

In the 21st century, The service industry is becoming a new core business. In the modern industrial society, it escapes from supporting the manufacturing industry and finally leads to the growth of the manufacturing industry. Although many companies have met a variety of customer requirements through the existing service process, an organization or service developer has been failed because they had depended on intuitive judgment. Therefore, in this paper, we suggests CSIM(Case-based Service Improvement Methodology) to support improvement direction. This methodology is based on 120 cases and developed by utilizing the TRIZ concepts. As a result, CSIM will be a creative tool to support a developer to solve the problems.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.16 no.6_2
• /
• pp.3-22
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to study ways to improve the welfare of private security guards. For this reason, it was analyzed the actual situation of the private security guards' wage and welfare system. As a result of the analysis, the most important factors that affect the wages and welfare system of private security guards was such as contracting costs, the minimum wage level, professional duties. In particular, a private security guards have been recognized as the most low-level professionalism sorted by the simple laborers standard classification. Wages of guards in accordance with this recognition is only about 47% of major company on average, about 80% of the small business average. If the proposed future improvements include: First, we need to improve the professionalism of a private security. Second, It is established a mutual-aid project about private security guards. Third, It shall regulate the wage of private security guards on Private Security Industry Act. Fourth, we should adopt a selective welfare system.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.644-651
• /
• 2008

The health of foot is connected with individual's health and affects men's activity. In order to develope comfort socks, both foot size and foot shape must be considered. The purpose of this study was to categorize men's foot shape according to age using men's foot scan data (with 2005 Size Korea). Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan's test were performed for statistical analysis of the data by SPSS Win 12.00 program. The results are as follows. 1. Nine factors constituting the men's foot were extracted through factor analysis and those factors comprised 77.7% of total variance. 2. On the basis of the cluster analysis, four different foot shapes were categorized. Cluster 1 was characterized by large in toe and ankle size. Cluster 2 was characterized by short foot length, low foot height, and small foot breadth/girth. Cluster 3 was characterized by large and high in foot height. Cluster 4 was characterized by short in foot length and large in foot breadth/girth. 3. Distribution of four foot shape clusters from 20 to 70 years in age above were categorized. For the 20 to 29 years in age, cluster 2, while for the over 30 years in age cluster 4 or cluster 3 is the most dominant foot type. A foot breadth in the 50 years over is wider size range than that in the below 49 years. The foot figures of elderly men over 60 years were smaller than those of below 60 years.