• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.115-149
• /
• 1991

In evaluating current environmental protection policy, economists often note that current regulations are more costly than necessary to meet environmental quality standards. While the a priori case can be made that current regulatory approaches entail higher-than-necessary costs to attain environmental standards, there is relatively little empirical evidence to support this claim in Korea. The purpose of this analysis is to supply some of the missing evidence by presenting the results of one study that assesses some of the potential savings associated with implementing economic, rather than command-and-control regulatory approaches to abate one type of air pollution in one region, in Korea, Specifically, the analysis examine the costs of meeting a long-term standard for TSP under the alternative control strategies for stationary sources of TSP in Ulsan Industrial Complex region. The alternative strategies that are considered are current command-and-control and various marketable permit designs. The analysis shows that the most efficient policy of emissions control is economic approaches, supporting results of previous empirical studies conducted in other countries.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제27권
• /
• pp.8.1-8.10
• /
• 2012

Objectives: The goal was to model and quantify the atmospheric concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as the result of the Hebei Spirit oil spill, and to predict whether the exposure levels were abnormally high or not. Methods: We developed a model for calculating the airborne concentration of VOCs that are produced in an oil spill accident. The model was applied to a practical situation, namely the Hebei Spirit oil spill. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the results with previous observation data. The concentrations were compared with the currently used air quality standards. Results: Evaporation was found to be 10- to 1,000-fold higher than the emissions produced from a surrounding industrial complex. The modeled concentrations for benzene failed to meet current labor environmental standards, and the concentration of benzene, toluene, orthometa- para-xylene were higher than the values specified by air quality standards and guideline values on the ocean. The concentrations of total VOCs were much higher than indoor environmental criteria for the entire Taean area for a few days. Conclusions: The extent of airborne exposure was clearly not the same as that for normal conditions.

• 한국지리정보학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.30-47
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 경상남도 창원시 도시지역을 대상으로 공간유형에 따른 찬공기 유동 특성을 분석하였다. 공간유형은 창원시 도시생태현황지도의 토지이용현황도와 건물 정보, 지형 특성을 활용하여 군집분석을 통해 분류하였다. 찬공기 유동은 KLAM_21 모델링을 활용하여 시간의 경과에 따른 찬공기 양과 풍속으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 공간유형은 건물의 밀집도와 높이, 토지이용 유형, 그리고 지형 특성인 평지, 계곡, 능선, 경사지가 고려되어 총 14개 유형으로 분류되었다. 찬공기 유동은 도시 외곽의 산림지역 계곡부에서 찬공기가 생성되어 도로와 평지를 통해 이동하여 저지대인 창원국가산업단지에 축적되기 시작하고, 이후 도시지역 전반에 찬공기가 확산되는 것으로 나타났다. 건물이 높은 지역은 찬공기의 유동이 많았고, 경사지와 능선부는 찬공기 축적이 적어 유동량이 상대적으로 작았다. 본 연구결과는 건물 밀집도와 토지이용 유형, 지형 형태에 따른 찬공기 유동 특성 파악이 가능하였고, 이는 도시지역의 기후 완화 및 대기질 개선을 위한 도시 바람길 조성의 기초자료로 유용하게 활용될 것이다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.104-112
• /
• 2023

Agriculture plays an industrial and economic role, as well as an environmental and ecological conservation role, group harmony and the inheritance of traditional culture. However, no matter how advanced the industry is, the basic food necessary for human life can only be produced through the photosynthesis of plants with natural resources such as the sun, water, and air. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) predicts that the world's population will increase by another 2 billion people by 2050, and it faces a myriad of complex and diverse factors to consider, including climate change, food security concerns, and global ecosystems and political factors. In particular, in order to solve problems such as increasing productivity and production of agricultural products, improving quality, and saving energy, it is difficult to solve them with traditional farming methods. Recently, with the wind of the 4th industrial revolution, ICT convergence technology and artificial intelligence have been rapidly developing in many fields, but it is also true that the application of new technologies is somewhat delayed due to the unique characteristics of agriculture. However, in recent years, as ICT and artificial intelligence utilization technologies have been developed and applied by many researchers, a revolution is also taking place in agriculture. This paper summarizes the current state of research so far in four categories of agriculture, namely crop cultivation environment management, soil management, pest management, and irrigation management, and smart farm research data that has recently been actively developed around the world.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제17권7호
• /
• pp.743-753
• /
• 2008

Gwangyang Bay is often severely confronted by photochemical pollutants due to its location and dense emissions. It is located in a basin on the south coast of the Korean peninsula and is crossed by a remarkable cluster of hills and mountains of a small horizontal scale that forms a channel. Clearly, the air flow field has a great influence on the dispersion of air pollutants. The characteristics of the wind flow patterns have an important effect on the dispersion of pollutants emitted. In these situations, the distribution of the ozone concentration is extremely complicated because of the superposition of circulations of the air flow fields, especially in complex coastal region. In this study, we examined the distribution of the high level ozone on Gwangyang Bay particularly during the episode day (for 5 years). Among these days, A high level ozone was induced by the development of a sea/land breeze local circulation system, as well as by an anabatic/catabatic flow from the mountains and valley with weakening of the synoptic wind. High level ozone distribution pattern(6 types) on Gwangyang bay is analyzed and the comparison of each pattern reveals substantial localized differences in intensity and distribution of ozone concentration from the site coherence and UPA analysis of ozone concentration. The observed VOC concentration had much difference in concentrations and daily variations between Jungdong and Samil.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2019

In the modern industrial period, the introduction of mass production was most important progress in civilization. Die-casting process is one of main methods for mass production in the modern industry. The aluminum die-casting in the mold filling process is very complicated where flow momentum is the high velocity of the liquid metal. Actually, it is almost impossible in complex parts exactly to figure the mold filling performance out with the experimental knowledge. The aluminum die-castings are important processes in the automotive industry to produce the lightweight automobile bodies. Due to this condition, the simulation is going to be more critical role in the design procedure. Simulation can give the best solution of a casting system and also enhance the casting quality. The cost and time savings of the casting layout design are the most advantage of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE). Generally, the relations of casting conditions such as injection system, gate system, and cooling system should be considered when designing the casting layout. Due to the various relative matters of the above conditions, product defects such as defect extent and location are significantly difference. In this research by using the simulation software (AnyCasting), CAE simulation was conducted with three layout designs to find out the best alternative for the casting layout design of an automotive Oil Pan_BJ3E. In order to apply the simulation results into the production die-casting mold, they were analyzed and compared carefully. Internal porosities which are caused by air entrapments during the filling process were predicted and also the results of three models were compared with the modifications of the gate system and overflows. Internal porosities which are occurred during the solidification process are predicted with the solidification analysis. And also the results of the modified gate system are compared.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.380-391
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess airborne particulate matter pollution and its effect on health of residents living near Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and its vicinities. Also, this study measured and analyzed the concentration of TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metals which influences on the environmental and respiratory disease in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex, Daegu, Korea. Methods: In this study, we analyzed various environmental pollutants such as particulate matter and heavy metals from Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex that adversely affected local residents's health. In particular, we verified the concentration distribution and characteristics of exposure for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ among particulate matters, and heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Mg). In that regard, the official test method on air pollution in Korea for analysis of particulate matter and heavy metal in atmosphere were conducted. The large capacity air sampling method by the official test method on air pollution in Korea were applied for sampling of heavy metals in atmosphere. In addition, we evaluated the concentration of seasonal environmental pollutants for each point of residence in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and surrounding area. The sampling measured periods for air pollutants were from August 11, 2013 to February 21, 2014. Furthermore, we measured and analyzed the seasonal concentrations(summer, autumn and winter). Results: The average concentration for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ by direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were 1.7, 1.4 and 1.9 times higher than reference region. In analysis results of seasonal concentrations for particulate matter in four direct influence and reference area, concentration levels for winter were generally somewhat higher than concentrations for summer and autumn. The average concentrations for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were $0.0008{\pm}0.0004{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0141{\pm}0.0163{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0248{\pm}0.0059{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0026{\pm}0.0011{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0272{\pm}0.0084{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.4855{\pm}0.1862{\mu}g/Sm^3$, and $0.3068{\pm}0.0631{\mu}g/Sm^3$, respectively. In particularly, the average concentrations for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were 1.9, 3.6, 2.1, 1.9, 1.4, 2.6, and 1.2 times higher than reference area, respectively. The continuous monitoring and management were required for some heavy metals such as Cr and Ni. Moreover, the average concentration in winter for particulate matter in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were generally higher than concentrations in summer and autumn. Also, average concentrations for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ were from 1.5 to 2.0 times, 1.2 to 1.8 times, and 1.1 to 2.3 times higher than reference area, respectively. In results for seasonal atmospheric environment, TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metal concentrations in direct influence area were higher than reference area. Especially, the concentrations in C station were a high level in comparison with other area. Conclusions: In the results, some particulate matters and heavy metals were relatively high concentration, in order to understand the environmental pollution level and health effect in surrounding area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex. The concentration of some heavy metals emitted from direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were relatively higher than reference area. In particular, average concentration for heavy metals in this study were higher than average concentrations in air quality monitoring station for heavy metal for 7 years in Deagu metropolitan region. Especially, the residents near Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex may be exposed to the pollutants(TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metals, etc) emitted from the factories in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.701-716
• /
• 2022

This study investigated the distribution behaviors of PM2.5 and PM10 at two air quality monitoring sites, Go-eup (GO) and Backseokeup (BS), located in Yangju City, South Korea. The amounts of emissions sources of pollutants were analyzed based on the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS), and the contribution rates of neighboring cities were enumerated in Yangju. Yangju has a geological basin structure, and it is a city with mixed urban and rural characteristics. The emission concentration of particulate matter was affected by geological and seasonal factors for all sites observed in this study. Therefore, these factors should be considered when establishing policies related to particulate matter. Because the official GO and BS station sites in Yangju are both situated in the southern part of the city, the representativeness of both stations was checked using correlation analysis for the measurement of PM2.5 and PM10 by considering two more sites-those of Bongyang-dong (BY) and the Gumjun (GJ) industrial complex. The data included discharge amounts for business types 4 and 5, which were not sufficiently considered in the CAPSS estimates. Because the 4 and 5 types of businesses represent over 92.6% of businesses in this city, they are workplaces in Yangju that have a significant effect on the total air pollutant emission. These types of businesses should be re-inspected as the main discharge sources in industry, and basic data accumulation should be carried out. Moreover, to manage the emission of particulate matter, attainable countermeasures for the main sources of these emissions should be prepared in a prioritized fashion; such countermeasures include prohibition of backyard burning, supervision of charcoal kilns, and management of livestock excretions and fugitive dust in construction sites and on roads. The contribution rates by neighboring cities was enumerated between 6.3% and 10.9% for PM2.5. Cooperation policies are thought to be required with neighboring cites to reduce particulate matter.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제11권7호
• /
• pp.2719-2726
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 포항지역 환경오염물질의 보건 환경 위해성 평가를 위한 기초연구의 일환이며, 이를 위하여 포항시에 소재한 지역대기자동측정 자료를 이용하여 연별, 계절별 $PM_10$ 농도분포에 대한 현황, 기상특성 및 오염물질 농도분포 분석을 수행하였고, 대기확산 모델(CALPUFF)을 이용하여 농도분포 특성에 대해 정성적, 정량적으로 확인하였다. 포항지역의 $PM_10$ 농도분포를 확인한 결과, 포항지역의 계절별 $PM_10$ 평균농도는 봄($75.7{\mu}g/m^3$)>여름($56.8{\mu}g/m^3$)>겨울($53.6{\mu}g/m^3$) >가을($52.7{\mu}g/m^3$) 순으로 봄에는 빈번히 발생하는 황사의 영향으로 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 포항지역 오염원별 $PM_10$ 배출량은 점오염원 62%>이동오염원 33%>면오염원 5% 순이며, 점오염원 중 전체 97%가 철강산업인 제철제강업에서 발생되었다. 포항지역은 $PM_10$의 영향을 많이 받고 있는 지역으로 포항철강공단지역에 대한 환경오염물질 원인배출원에 대한 감시체계의 보완 및 집중관리와 함께 포항지역 주민의 건강 보호를 위하여 보건 및 환경에 악영향을 미치는 위해인자 및 오염물질을 원천적으로 차단하는 작업이 지속적으로 수행되어야 할 시점이다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.319-326
• /
• 2014

Exhaust gas emitted as a result of the incomplete combustion of biomass in charcoal kilns includes odor compounds as well as other air pollutants such as particulate matters, sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. A number of offensive odor compounds affect quality of life. In this study, odor emissions were investigated from biomass burning in a pilot-scale charcoal kiln and a commercial-scale kiln. Complex odor from emission source reached up to 10,000 dilutions to threshold during the study period. Combustion fume was found to contain reduced sulfur compounds, aldehydes, and volatile organic compounds. Hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan were the major odorants which highly contributed to the offensive odor.