• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.41-45
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• 2023

Currently, the method of loading items in the warehouse, the worker directly decides the loading location, and the most used method is to load the product at the location closest to the entrance. This can be effective when there is no difference in the required amount for goods, but when there is a difference in the required amount for goods, it is inefficient because items with a small required amount are loaded near the entrance and occupy the corresponding space for a long time. Therefore, in order to minimize the release time of goods, it is essential to select an appropriate location when loading goods. In this study, a method for determining the loading location by predicting the required amount of goods was studied to select the optimal loading location. Deep learning based bidirectional long-term memory networks (Bi-LSTM) was used to predict the required amount for goods. This study compares and analyzes the release time of goods in the conventional method of loading close to the entrance and in the loading method using the required amount for goods using the Bi-LSTM model.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.199-220
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• 1996

Our courtry's distribrtion business is on the luring point by opening the market to foreign countries from this year. It can be said that industrial goods are intermediated goods for the production of other goods or service So it requires quality and specialty than any other things. But the lack of understanding, small scale and classification by non-productive industry by government bring about difficulty to the distribution itself and other fields. Industrial goods have a long distribution channel. This distribution stracture can be reduce the channel by establishment of distribution complex. Establishment of distribution complex will strengthen the role of quality management and go far toward quality improvement. This study examine the distribution status of industrial goods, problems and study the extablishment of complex and expected affect.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2011

In this paper, we investigate an inventory system where a single manufacturer purchases and processes raw materials in order to deliver finished goods to multiple retailers. Earlier study in this type of supply chain only consider a single raw material in order to produce finished goods, but we consider multi-raw materials in order to produce finished goods. Also, we develop an iterative solution procedure to find the order quantity for the finished goods and raw materials, and the number of shipments between manufacturer and retailers that minimizes the total cost per unit time of the raw materials ordering and holding, manufacture's setup and finished goods holding, the retailer's ordering and inventory holding. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate that jointly considering the total cost results in less total cost than that of considering them separately.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.25-31
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• 2013

Purpose - This study aims to determine the effects of marketing factors on the long-term purchasing behavior regarding industrial goods, using data from wholesalers and retailers. Research design, data, and methodology - We used multiple regression analysis and 3-step regressions to investigate causality. We used 177 questionnaires targeting wholesalers and retailers of industrial goods. Results - First, long-term purchasing behavior is positively related only with advertising and marketing factors. Second, the relationship between marketing factors and brand value show that the physical environment, word-of-mouth advertising, and publicity are positively related, except advertising and sales promotion, respectively. Third, brand value and long-term purchasing behavior are positively related. Finally, brand value is not a mediator between marketing factors and long-term purchasing behavior. Conclusion - This study suggests that industrial goods providers should use marketing strategies that are different from those used in the consumer market. Further, if they want to maintain long-term relationships, they should increase their brand value.

• Archives of design research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-162
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• 1980

The Design Society of Korea. It is our urgent task that we should map out our detailed guiedlines for the improvement of export-oriented industries and of the design of export goods in preparation for our export goal of $30 billion in the upcoming 1980s. The government, university design researchers, and most entrepreneurs have confronted diverse kinds of racking issues: how much do most export industries take advantage of the indus-trial design for the improvement of the quality of export goods\ulcorner, structural defects of most export industries, chronic and vicious cycle of overlooking the value of the industrial design in the process of manufacturing export goods and etc. In other words, the recent trend of slighting the industrial design is to speed up the sales of only unsophisticated goods on the international markets. Although Koreans have been plagued by scantiness of natural resources under these circumstances, most Korean people have showed off their strong will for today's growth. Furthermore, most exporters should do their best to sweep overseas markets by manufacturing sophisticated goods outranking those commodi-ties made by the United States, Japan, West Germany and the other developed countries. In this respect, we have to make our best efforts for the expensive application and practical use of the industrial design, one of the comprehensive sciences, in the face of the hard realities and conditions which we have confronted until now. For example, it can be attributed to the practical application of the industrial design that the neighboring Japan, West Germany, France, the United Kingdom in Europe, and the United States in North America have formulated a highly advan-ced cultural zone and braced up for their own trade protection-ism and tightened their embargoes on EEC goods. Unless any export goods take the best advantage of the industrial design, one of the behavioral sciences capable of satisfying the material mental needs of modern men and of promoting cultural growth, I am convinced that they will not infiltrate into any countries that have enjoyed their own highly cultural lives. It is absolutely important that most Korean universities, state-run, private corporations and research institutes should work out the improvement strategy for the development and practical use of the industrial design as will as the revision of the present curricula of the departments of design. However, most design researchers have come to grips with several difficult problems such as the correlation of export oriented industries and the industrial design and the development of the design of export goods. The improvement of the industrial design is our urgent assignment that we have to solve in the 1980s. Accordimgly, I cannot too much emphasize the value the recognition of the industrial design in our industrial communities because we have never witnessed the prosperity of those countries which have taken little notice of the importance of the industrial design. Hopefully, most entrepreneurs will take much consideration of the value of the industrial design and then can defeat their rival businessmen on the international markets by exporting goods of highly sophisticated design. In this respect, the main purpose of the research paper which this society presented is to underline the fact that the improvement and development of the industrial design is our common assignment to be studied from the viewpoints of national dimension as well as in conformity with our immediate goal for the export-oriented prosperity of state. In conclusion, I would like to highlight the fact that our export goods shall be continually developed in pace with the correlative improvement of the indudtrial design so as to pave the way for their bright prospect and to enhance their best impression of the first-class goods on the international markets.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2020

Aftermarket refers to a market in which a company sells complementary goods, replacements of parts, and upgrade or maintenance services to consumers after selling them main durable goods. Intuitively, consumers who purchase main durable goods become major potential customers in subsequent aftermarket. Thus the existence of the aftermarket has a significant impact on pricing of the main durable goods as well as the aftermarket products. In this study, we analyze the effect of aftermarket on the pricing strategy for a company selling both main durable goods and aftermarket products. To do this we first divided the market into markets where the aftermarket products are indispensable and optional. Based on the proposed market types, the profit maximizing solutions are derived using two-period model, and the impacts of consumers' undervaluation of aftermarket product prices on pricing strategy are analyzed. The results can be summarized as follows : (1) Regardless of the market type, the total profits were found to be inversely proportional to the consumer's awareness accuracy of product prices in the aftermarket. This is in line with marketing efforts that sales companies have made intuitively to make consumers underestimate the cost of the aftermarket. (2) If aftermarket product is indispensable, only revenue from the aftermarket is sought. On the other hand, if aftermarket product is optional, revenue from the main durable good as well as the aftermarket product will be sought simultaneously. (3) Moreover, when aftermarket product is optional, the lower the awareness accuracy of consumers, the higher the price and profit of the main durable goods, while the lower the price and profit of the aftermarket products. This is contrary to the intuition that the lower the consumer's valuation of the costs of aftermarket, the more advantageous it would be to rely on aftermarket products rather than on main durable goods.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.205-214
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• 2007

This paper aimed to exam the influence factor of purchasing decision making of industrial buyer and analyze their effects on success. To accomplish this purpose, this study examined previous studies and summarized influence factors of purchasing decision making of industrial buyer. From previous studies, we drew influence factor. influence factor is buying center, character of industrial goods provider, perceive risk.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.43
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• pp.297-336
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• 2009

In modern industrial society carriage of dangerous goods by sea becomes more increasing than ever before. Dangerous goods are required for special care and handling in that shipment of dangerous goods could affect safety of the vessel and other cargoes. It is also true that dangerous goods could be used as a means of terrorism. his article investigates allocation of risk and liabilities between parties involved in the carriage of dangerous goods by sea. More specifically, this study examines principles of strict liability of the shipper in shipment of dangerous goods with some limitations based upon recent cases. Furthermore this article investigates the issues on identity of shipper who bears strict liability to the carrier where there exist actual or documentary shipper other than the contractual shipper. Lastly, whether it is reasonable that the transfer of strict liability to the transferee, who does not have opportunity to verify dangerous nature of the goods before shipment, by endorsing bills of lading will be discussed critically.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.223-228
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• 2004

As industries developed, industrial goods have got bigger and more precise. It led producers to feel like having a way to confirm whether the goods are good enough for the needs of consumers or not. Because of that, producers got interested in industrial photogrammetry that can get accurate data quickly without coming cotact with customers directly. Based on the need, this study is examined by photographing an O-2A aircraft which is a large and precise one to check the application of Industrial Photogrammetry.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.121-134
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• 2015

This study empirically analyzed the effects of international entrepreneurial proclivity of exporting small and medium enterprises on corporate capability and export performance according to product type of industrial and consumer goods. International entrepreneurial proclivity of exporting small and medium enterprises consists of risk-taking, proactiveness, and innovativeness, and corporate capability consists of technological capability and product differentiation capability. Risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness had a significant impact on technological capability in case of industrial goods, and in case of consumer goods, only risk-taking and innovativeness had significant impact. Product differentiation capability of consumer goods was significantly influenced by the order of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking while only innovativeness had a negative impact on industrial goods. When the impact of corporate capability on export performance was examined, only technological capability had a significant impact on both financial and strategic performance in case of industrial goods while both technological capability and product differentiation capability had significant impact in case of consumer goods. After examining the direct impact of international entrepreneurial proclivity on financial performance, it was found that financial performance in the case of industrial goods was significantly influenced by the order of proactiveness and risk-taking, and in the case of consumer goods by the order of innovativeness and proactiveness. However, the impact of international entrepreneurial proclivity on strategic performance showed different results. In case of industrial goods, only risk-taking had a significant impact on strategic performance while in the case of consumer goods it was significantly influenced by the order of innovativeness, proactivenesspro, and risk-taking. The direct impact of international entrepreneurial proclivity on export performance was different in case of financial and strategic performance, and there was difference regarding product type as well. It suggests that different approach is needed according to product type in order to increase export performance since the impact of international entrepreneurial proclivity on corporate capability, the impact of corporate capability on export performance, and the impact of international entrepreneurial proclivity on export performance were all different according to product type.