• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2017

In this paper, the bifurcation criteria for inductive power transfer (IPT) systems is suggested considering the inductive power pad losses. The bifurcation criteria for series-series (SS) and series-parallel (SP) topologies are derived in terms of the main parameters of the IPT system. For deriving precise criteria, power pad resistance is obtained by copper loss calculation and core loss analysis. Utilizing the suggested criteria, possibility of bifurcation occurrence can be predicted in the design process. In order to verify the proposed criteria, 50 W IPT laboratory prototype is fabricated and the feasibilities of the switching frequency and AC load resistance shift to escape from bifurcation are identified.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2017

In this study, an inductive power transfer (IPT) charger for electric vehicles is proposed to improve the entire system efficiency and power density by eliminating the DC-DC converter in the secondary side. In the proposed IPT charger, the DC-link voltage is adjusted according to the coupling coefficient through cascade buck-boost converter in the front-end side, and the bridgeless rectifier performs the charging of battery. The control algorithm for the proposed IPT system is theoretically explained, and the validity of the proposed system is verified by informative simulation.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.327-333
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• 2019

This study analyzes the reverse recovery phenomenon of a semi-bridgeless rectifier (SBR) in an inductive power transfer (IPT) system for electric vehicles. Ideally, the reverse recovery phenomenon does not occur in a diode rectifier, however, in practical systems, the reverse recovery phenomenon occurs even when the SBR operates like a diode rectifier due to high operating frequency. Therefore, a practical analysis of operation modes for SBRs is presented in this study, considering the reverse recovery phenomenon, and the requirements for SBR switches are proposed. The analysis results are experimentally verified using a 3.3 [kW] IPT system prototype to which three different types of switches are applied.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1434-1447
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• 2018

The control design of inductive power transfer (IPT) systems has attracted a lot of attention in the field of wireless power transmission. Due to the high-order resonant networks and multiple loads in IPT systems, a simplified model of an IPT system is preferred for analysis and control design, and a controller with strong robustness is required. Hence, an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for IPT systems is proposed in this paper. To realize the employment of ADRC, firstly a small-signal model of an LC series-compensative IPT system is derived based on generalized state-space averaging (GSSA), then the ADRC is implemented in the designed IPT system. The ADRC not only provides superior robustness to unknown internal and external disturbances, but also requires few knowledge of the IPT system. Due to the convenient realization of ADRC, the designed IPT system retains its simple structure without any additional circuits. Finally, a frequency domain analysis and experimental results have validated the effectiveness of the employed ADRC, especially its robustness in the presence of frequency drifts and other common disturbances.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권8호
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• pp.1210-1215
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• 2012

Traction motors for driving and power conversion devices using semiconductor switch are equipped with a transportation systems such as an electrical railway system. Power conversion devices have the possibility of malfunction by external electromagnetic waves. As a result, these could affect the safe operation of the railway. Moreover, the electromagnetic waves above safe limits will be harmful to the passengers inside the railway vehicles or anyone working around the rail-track. For this reason, the importance and need about the reliability check and complement of electromagnetic waves generated from the IPT(Inductive Power Transfer) system have been suggested for the safe application of the IPT system to the railway system. In this study, prediction for the electromagnetic wave properties was conducted through FEM(Finite Element Method) analysis of 5kW-class IPT system design model. Next, the 5kW IPT system prototype was made and then the small-scaled railway vehicle was made to mount the IPT system and the energy management system. Finally, the electromagnetic waves generated from the real small-scaled IPT system were measured and analyzed, and then the reliability check of predictions by FEM analysis were carried out.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1440-1448
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• 2019

In wireless power transfer systems, it is important to design resonant energy links in order to increase the power transfer efficiency and to obtain desired system performances. This paper proposes a method for designing and analyzing the resonant energy links in a series-series configured IPT (inductive power transfer) system using the FOM-rd plane. The proposed FOM-rd graphical design plane can analyze and design the voltage gain and the power efficiency of the energy links while considering changes in the misalignment between the coils and the termination load condition. In addition, the region of the bifurcation phenomena, where voltage gain peaks are split over the frequency, can also be distinctly identified on the graphical plane. An example of the design and analysis of a 100 W inductive power transfer system with the proposed method is illustrated. The proposed method is verified by measuring the voltage gain and power efficiency of implemented hardware.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1545-1552
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• 2017

Identifying the load and mutual inductance is essential for improving the power transfer capability and power transfer efficiency of Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems. In this paper, a steady-state load and mutual inductance identification method focusing on series-parallel compensated IPT systems is proposed. The identification model is established according to the steady-state characteristics of the system. Furthermore, two sets of identification results are obtained, and then they are analyzed in detail to eliminate the untrue one. In addition, the identification method can be achieved without extra circuits so that it does not increase the complexity of the system or the control difficulty. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method has been verified by simulation and experimental results.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1245-1255
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• 2016

The single resonant inverter is widely employed in typical inductive power transfer (IPT) systems to generate a high-frequency current in the primary side. However, the power capacity of a single resonant inverter is limited by the constraints of power electronic devices and the relevant cost. Consequently, IPT systems fail to meet high-power application requirements, such as those in rail applications. Total harmonic distortion (THD) may also violate the standard electromagnetic interference requirements with phase shift control under light load conditions. A power regulation approach with selective harmonic elimination is proposed on the basis of a parallel multi-inverter to upgrade the power levels of IPT systems and suppress THD under light load conditions by changing the output voltage pulse width and phase shift angle among parallel multi-inverters. The validity of the proposed control approach is verified by using a 1,412.3 W prototype system, which achieves a maximum transfer efficiency of 90.602%. Output power levels can be dramatically improved with the same semiconductor capacity, and distortion can be effectively suppressed under various load conditions.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2017

This paper proposes a control methodology for a high efficiency operation of an inductive power transfer (IPT) converter by combining full bridge (FB) and half bridge (HB) controls. To apply the proposed control to the IPT converter, the characteristics of each control method are analyzed. By examining the output voltages of the IPT converter and a theoretical loss analysis, the control shifting points between FB and HB controls are evaluated in accordance with the coupling coefficients and the load. Based on the control shifting points, the FB-HB control algorithm is implemented. By applying FB-HB control, high efficiency operation at the light load condition can be achieved.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

Generally, a single phase H-bridge converter feeding a single primary track is employed in conventional inductive power transfer systems. However, these systems may not be suitable for some high power applications due to the constraints of the semiconductor switches and the cost. To resolve this problem, a novel dual coupled primary tracks IPT system consisting of two high frequency resonant inverters feeding the tracks is presented in this paper. The primary tracks are wound around an E-shape ferrite core in parallel which enhances the magnetic flux around the tracks. The mutual inductance of the coupled tracks is utilized to achieve adjustable power sharing between the inverters by configuring the additional resonant capacitors. The total transfer power can be continuously regulated by altering the pulse width of the inverters' output voltage with the phase shift control approach. In addition, the system's efficiency and the control strategy are provided to analyze the characteristic of the proposed IPT system. An experimental setup with total power of 1.4kW is employed to verify the proposed system under power ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 with a transfer efficiency up to 88.7%. The results verify the performance of the proposed system.