• 한국연초학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.79-97
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• 1995

On the basis of the literature, which is at present still scientific information improvable, the results of research done so far into the occurrence and analytical methodology of major markers of environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) have been summarized. Key areas addressed are: differences in physicochemical composition between mainstream smoke, sidestream smoke and ETS: techniques for field measurement of ETS: relationship between indoor air quality with ETS and its distribution view of US EPA and its problems: biological effects and concerning estimation of ETS exposure.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.170-176
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• 1996

This paper describes the generation and decay phenomena of gas, vapor and particulate phase components of environmental tobacco smoke in 18 m3 controlled experimental atmosphere chamber. Real time-weighted average concentration ratios of markers were determinated at no ventilation rates and sampling durations of starting to smoking 45 min. Average concentration of major ETS markers was no significant on the mainstream smoke contents of commercial cigarette and decay ratios were dependent on first order kinetic. RSP/nicotine, solanesol and 3-EP were good predictors of ETS concentration in the public indoor field. The concentration ratio of vapor phase and particulate phase components is highly variable to assessment of indoor air quality with ETS. Key words : ETS, chamber study, ETS markers.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.715-727
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• 2004

This study was carried out to evaluate non-smoker's exposure levels to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the air of offices in urban areas. A total of 65 offices were selected from two large cities, i.e. Daegu and Daejeon. The field sampling was conducted repeatedly in summer (1999) and winter (1999～2000). The measured ETS markers included respirable suspended particles (RSP as PM$_{40}$ ), vapor and particulate phase ETS markers, including nicotine, 3-ethnyl pyridine (3-EP), ultraviolet absorbing particulate matter (UVPM), fluorescing particulate matter (FPM), and solanseol in ETS particles (SolPM). RSP was measured gravimetrically by a microbalance. The particle samples were then used for the determination of particulate ETS markers by HPLC, while vapor phase markers determined by GC/NPD. The analytical methods were validated for repeatability, linearity, detection limits, and duplication precision. The concentrations of RSP and other ETS markers were significantly higher in smoking offices than non-smoking offices. Despite the similar smoking strength in each office for different seasons, the concentration levels of ETS components appeared to be higher in winter than summer. The contributions of ETS to RSP concentrations based on SolPM, FPM, and UVPM methods were estimated to be in the range of 15.2 ～ 25.3% in smoking offices, whereas 2.4 ～ 15.9% in non-smoking offices. The cooling and heating types did not affect significantly the concentrations of RSP and other ETS markers. Finally, further research issues were suggested to obtain more scientific information on the non-smoker's exposure to ETS with respect to the frame of risk assessment..

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2014

본 연구는 흡연기작을 모사한 시료채취장비를 이용하여 환경담배연기를 주류연기와 비주류연기로 구분하여 채취하고, 환경담배연기 중의 미량원소성분을 중성자방사화분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 또한, 실내공기 중 PM2.5를 집중적으로 채취하고 인체 영향이 큰 As, Cr, Mn, Se, V, Zn를 비롯한 약 20종의 미량원소를 분석하여 그 화학적 특성을 파악하며 환경담배연기가 실내공기질에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 담배개피 당 미량원소 발생량은 Cl, K, Na 등을 제외한 대부분의 원소에서 비주류연기에서 더 높게 나타났고, K, Cl, Na, Al의 발생량은 개피 당 $1{\mu}g$ 이상으로 가장 많았고, Br, Fe, Zn도 높은 배출량을 보여 외부오염원과 독립적으로 실내 환경에서의 Br, Cl, Fe, K, Zn의 농도 증가에 환경담배연기가 기여하는 것으로 판단된다. PM2.5의 농도는 흡연 사무실은 $58.7{\pm}18.1{\mu}g/m^3$인 반면, 비흡연 사무실은 $38.6{\pm}12.7{\mu}g/m^3$를 보여 ETS에 의해 흡연 사무실에서 1.5배 정도 높게 나타났고, 미량원소의 농도비는 Cu (1.0)를 제외한 모든 원소에서 농도비의 평균값이 1.1~6.0으로 흡연 사무실의 원소 농도가 비흡연 사무실의 원소 농도보다 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 환경담배연기가 실내 공기 중 PM2.5와 미량원소의 농도 증가의 한 원인인 것을 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제16권E호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2000

In this study, the concentrations of particulate organic constituents of environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) were determined using an environmental smog chamber, where ETS is the sole source of target compounds. ETS was generated in a 30 ㎥ environmental chamber by a number of different cigarettes, including the Kentucky 1R4F reference cigarette and eight commercial brands. A total of 12 experimental runs was conducted, and target analytes included a group of ETS markers both in vapor and particulate phase and a class of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbos(PAHs) associated with ETS particles. The mass concentrations of PAH in ETS particles were also determined. The average contents of benzo(a) pyrene and benzo(a) anthracene in ETS particles for the commercial brands were 12.8 and 21.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/g, respectively, There values are all somewhat higher than those determined previously by other studies. Results form the chamber study are further used to estimate the average and variability of cigarette yields for target compounds associated with ETS. Finally, ratios of RSP to the surrogate standards of UVPM, FPM and solanesol were calculated for each sample. The average conversion factors factors for the eight commercial brands were 7.3, 38, and 41 for UVPM, EPM, and solanesol, respectively. The UVPM and FPM factors are in good agreement with the recently published values. Whereas there might be a substantial difference in the solanesol content among cigarettes produced in different countries, the variability is somewhat greater than those of UVPM and FPM, Unfortunately, comparison of the PAH yield data from this study with literature values was complicated by a lack of consistency in cigarette smoke generating methodology. Validation of the PAH yields was also difficult due to a lack of information on the ETS related PAH in the literature. From and engineering viewpoint , however, these data on the cigarette yields of ETS components may still provide useful information to studies on the mathematical modeling of indoor air quality management regarding tobacco smoke as a source of interest, or to studies on the assessment of human exposure to ETS.