• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.85-86
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• 2001

스모그는 다양한 경로를 통해 생성된 에어로졸에 의해 시정이 감소되는 현상으로 대도시 대기오염의 대표적인 예이다. 서울 스모그 현상은 잘 알려져 있지 않지만, 1차 오염물질에 의한 런던형 스모그 및 광화학 반응에 의한 로스엔젤레스형 스모그와는 다른 양상을 나타내고 있다. 스모그에 관한 연구는 크게 자연적으로 발생되는 스모그 현상에 대한 현장조사 연구와 스모그 생성과정을 인위적으로 밝혀내기 위한 스모그 챔버 연구로 구분된다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.137-138
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• 2002

입자상 물질은 자연적 또는 인위적인 오염원에 의해 직접 대기로 배출되거나 가스상 물질의 전환 과정을 통해 생성된다. 서울을 비롯한 우리나라 시정(visibility)은 맡은 부분이 가스상 물질의 전환을 통해 생성된 미세 입자에 영향을 받고 있기 때문에 미세 입자의 생성(formation)과 성장(growth) 변화를 연구하는 것은 시정(visibility)의 원인을 밝히는 중요한 과정이라고 할 수 있다. (중략)

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.541-547
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• 1998

공기 중에 존재하는 미생물(바이오에어로졸, bio-aerosol)은 많은 질병 발생의 원인이다. 의학계에서는 바이오에어로졸과 공기 매개성 질병의 전파와의 연관성이 잘 알려져 있다. 특히 결핵, 수두, 홍역, 천연두의 발병은 공기를 통한 질병 전파의 중요성을 확인시켜 준다. 그러나 IAQ(indoor air qualify)의 영향은 최근에서야 조사되었다. 보건의료기관과 연구실험실에서는 세균과 진균의 감염이 HVAC 시스템을 통해서 종종 일어난다. 유사한 IAQ연구에서는 바이오에어로졸이 빌딩증후군과 같은 빌딩과 관련된 질병(building-related illness, BRI), 감염, 중독성 증상, 민감성 질병과 1차적으로 연결되어 있음을 발견되었다.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.139-147
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• 2013

The performances of indoor air cleaners including particle cleaning capacity and collection efficiency are usually tested at the condition of the maximum air flow rate of the air cleaners. However, the power consumption of the air cleaners is highly dependent on the air flow rate of the individual air cleaners. Therefore, there seems to be an optimized air flow rate for the air cleaning capacity considering power consumption. In this study, clean air delivery rate(or standard useful area as suggested room size) and power consumption have been investigated for different maximum air flow rates of 15 air cleaners and then compared those for different air flow rate modes of the individual 5 air cleaners selected from the 15 cleaners. For the maximum air flow rate conditions of 15 air cleansers, the power consumption per unit area was less related to the maximum air flow rate. However, for the different air flow rate modes of the selected 5 air cleaners, the lower power consumption per unit area was corresponding to the lower air flow rate mode of the individual air cleaners. When considering the operation time to the desired particle concentrations, there was an optimized one in the medium air flow rate modes for the individual air cleaners. Therefore, not only the maximum air flow rate but also lower air flow rates of individual air cleaners should be considered for estimating air cleaning capacity based on energy consumption per unit area.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.115-123
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• 2021

The emission gas from meat grilled restaurants has unpleasant odor and sticky particulate matters (PM) in form of oil mist. This affects the residents living nearby. In oder to decrease the odor and PM, electrostatic precipitators (ESP) were installed at several restaurants by support of Seoul metropolitan government and emission characteristics of PM and odor were investigated. The removal efficiency of odor and PM at before- and after-ESP was that total hydrocarbon (THC), NH₃, H₂S, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde were not much decreased. Total suspended particles (TSP) emitted from the vent was below the value of 7 mg/m³ regardless of the concentration of before-ESP and removal efficiency was in the range of 64 ~ 86%. The ratio of PM_1.0 to PM₁₀ of emission gas was over 0.9. So it was revealed that most PM of emission gas was PM1.0. The PM concentration in the air of the street near the vent was higher than another street due to the emission gas and the PM of indoor air of restaurant grilling meats was measured very high compared to outdoor air. So it needs more powerful ventilation of indoor air.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.543-553
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• 2010

Almost five million citizens a day are using subways as a means of traffic communication in the Seoul metropolitan. As the subway system is typically a closed environment, indoor air pollution problems frequently occurs and passengers complain of mal-health impact. Especially $PM_{10}$ is well known as one of the major pollutants in subway indoor environments. The purpose of this study was to compare the indoor air quality in terms of $PM_{10}$ and to quantitatively compare its source contributions in a Seoul subway platform before and after installing platform screen doors (PSD). $PM_{10}$ samples were collected on the J station platform of Subway Line 7 in Seoul metropolitan area from Jun. 12, 2008 to Jan. 12, 2009. The samples collected on membrane filters using $PM_{10}$ mini-volume portable samplers were then analyzed for trace metals and soluble ions. A total of 18 chemical species (Ba, Mn, Cr, Cd, Si, Fe, Ni, Al, Cu, Pb, Ti, $Na^+$, $NH_4^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Cl^-$, and ${SO_4}^{2-}$) were analyzed by using an ICP-AES and an IC after performing proper pre-treatments of each sample filter. Based on the chemical information, positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to identify the source of particulate matters. $PM_{10}$ for the station was characterized by three sources such as ferrous related source, soil and road dust related source, and fine secondary aerosol source. After installing PSD, the average $PM_{10}$ concentration was decreased by 20.5% during the study periods. Especially the contribution of the ferrous related source emitted during train service in a tunnel route was decreased from 59.1% to 43.8% since both platform and tunnel areas were completely blocked by screen doors. However, the contribution of the fine secondary aerosol source emitted from various outside combustion activities was increased from 14.8% to 29.9% presumably due to ill-managed ventilation system and confined platform space.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2015

Objectives: The Korean government implemented a smoke-free regulation for pubs with a net indoor area of ${\geq}100m^2$ on January 1, 2014. The purpose of this study was to determine the indoor levels of concentrations of particulate matter smaller than $2.5{\mu}m$ ($PM_{2.5}$) in implemented and non-implemented pubs in Seoul and Changwon. Methods: $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in fifty-two $100-150m^2$ (implemented) and fifty-seven < $100m^2$ (non-implemented) pubs were measured. A real-time aerosol monitor was used to measure $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations. Field technicians recorded characteristics of the pubs including net indoor area, indoor volume and presence of smoking rooms and counted the number of burning cigarettes, patrons and vents. Results: Differences between indoor and outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in $100-150m^2$ and < $100m^2$ pubs were not significantly different in each city. Smoking was observed in 33% of $100-150m^2$ pubs and 51% of < $100m^2$ pubs. Average differences between indoor and outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in the $100-150m^2$ and < $100m^2$ pubs were $79.2{\mu}g/m^3$ and $155.6{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. When smokers were not observed, differences between indoor and outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations ware $12.4{\mu}g/m^3$ in $100-150m^2$ pubs and $24.5{\mu}g/m^3$ in < $100m^2$ pubs. Conclusion: Although the regulation was implemented only in ${\geq}100m^2$ pubs, a higher difference between indoor and outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations was observed in implemented and non-implemented pubs with smokers. Strict implementation of the regulation in all pubs is needed for better indoor air quality.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.115-140
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• 2010

Great concerns about atmospheric aerosols are attributed to their multiple roles to atmospheric processes. For example, atmospheric aerosols influence global climate, directly by scattering or absorbing solar radiations and indirectly by serving as cloud condensation nuclei. They also have a significant impact on human health and visibility. Many of these effects depend on the size and composition of atmospheric aerosols, and thus detailed information on the physicochemical properties and the distribution of airborne particles is critical to accurately predict their impact on the Earth's climate as well as human health. A single particle analysis technique, named low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis (low-Z particle EPMA) that can determine the concentration of low-Z elements such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in a microscopic volume has been developed. The capability of quantitative analysis of low-Z elements in individual particle allows the characterization of especially important atmospheric particles such as sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, and carbonaceous particles. Furthermore, the diversity and the complicated heterogeneity of atmospheric particles in chemical compositions can be investigated in detail. In this review, the development and methodology of low-Z particle EPMA for the analysis of atmospheric aerosols are introduced. Also, its typical applications for the characterization of various atmospheric particles, i.e., on the chemical compositions, morphologies, the size segregated distributions, and the origins of Asian dust, urban aerosols, indoor aerosols in underground subway station, and Arctic aerosols, are illustrated.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.173-182
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• 2019

Since airborne viruses have been known to aggravate indoor air quality, studies on the development of anti-viral air filter increase recently. In this study, the pressure drop and anti-viral efficiency of TiO₂ coated ceramic ball filter were evaluated. After the filter being inserted into a commercial room air cleaner, chamber test with aerosolized bacteriophage MS2 was performed. The porosity of TiO₂ coated ceramic ball filter was 0.85, and pressure drop was about 13 Pa for 1 m/s of air velocity. The anti-viral efficiency was about 93% when the reaction time was 25 minutes in a 1 ㎥ chamber.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2021

In this study, the clean air delivery rate (CADR) of ceiling air circulator (CAA) was determined under indoor environmental simulation conditions. An air filter was used to provide air cleaning ability to the CAA. The CADR of filter adapted CAA was evaluated and compared with the value of commercial air purifier. The installation of mesh-shaped filter on the CAA showed particle reduction effect on the particles over 0.4 ㎛ in diameter, but the CADR was up to 0.25 m³/min. When the filter having 99.9% in collection efficiency was installed on the CAA, its CADR was 1.52 m³/min, while the CADR of commercial air purifier was 3.19 m³/min.