• 한국기계연구소 소보
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• 통권19호
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• pp.31-42
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• 1989

To investigate design factors of dilution ventilation system, numerical analysis of air contamination flow and concentration distribution have been made, by using the low Reynolds number turbulent model. And flow visualization and measurement of particle concentration for that model also have been made. By comparing of these results we have secured the essential data for the adequate counterplan of dilution ventilation system. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Inlet should be located near the wall for the prevention of the formation of the recircula¬tion zone. 2) In case of natural exhaust, air contamination flow is driven to the far outlet from the inlet. 3) It is favorable for dilution to make turbuence as much as possible.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.268-276
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• 2018

본 연구는 일반인에게 안전한 실내공기질 개선수단으로 인식되는 공기정화식물의 효율적 적용을 위해 실내공조에 요구되는 총풍량 확보가 가능한 식생기반 바이오필터 시스템을 제안하고자 했다. 시스템의 정량적 성능평가는 강의실형태의 실험실 체적 $332.73m^3$ 내 16명의 재실자 조건에서 목업단위 시스템의 공조 성능, 실내공기질 및 쾌적지표 개선효과에 대한 시계열 분석으로 진행되었다. 우선, 시스템 구동을 통해 총 $1,411.22m^3/h$의 유출 총풍량을 확보하여, 4.24 ACH의 환기율을 제공할 수 있었다. 실내온도는 $1.6^{\circ}C$, 흑구온도는 $1.0^{\circ}C$ 감소가 확인되었으며, 상대습도는 24.4% 상승한 최대 82.0%까지 증가하였다. 상대습도 급증에 따른 쾌적도 감소현상은 송풍기 구동에 따라 발생되는 실내기류로 상쇄되는 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 시스템 가동에 따른 공기질 개선지표 중 $PM_{10}$은 39.5% 감소한 평균 $22.11{\mu}g/m^3$을 기록하였다. 반면, $CO_2$는 최대 1,329 ppm까지 지속적으로 농도가 상승했는데, 이는 광도조건이 광보상점을 만족하지 못해 적용 식물과 재실자에서 방출되는 $CO_2$가 처리되지 못한 것으로 해석된다. 실내쾌적지표의 경우 PMV는 평균 83.6 % 감소된 -0.082, PPD는 평균 47.0% 감소된 5.41%에 수렴하여 식생기반 바이오필터 구동에 의해 높은 쾌적범위의 실내공간조성이 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구의 한계는 소수 참여인원과 단기간 실험으로 인하여 시스템의 성능 규명이 제한적인 부분이었으며, 보다 장기간의 실험을 통해 바이오필터에 도입된 식생의 생육상태에 따른 압력손실 변화, 미세먼지 저감에 대한 구체적인 메커니즘 규명 등의 후속연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.855-864
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• 2006

This study introduces a method to eliminate formaldehyde and benzene, toluene from indoor air by means of a photocatalytic oxidation reaction. In the method introduced, for the good performance of the reaction, the effect and interactions of the $TiO_2$ catalyst and ultraviolet in photocatalytic degradation on the reaction area, dosages of catalysts, humidity and light should be precisely examined and controled. Experiments has been carried out under various intensities of UV light and initial concentrations of formaldehyde, benzene and toluene to investigate the removal efficiency of the pollutants. Reactors in the experiments consist of an annular type Pyrex glass flow reactor and an 11W germicidal lamp. Results of the experiments showed reduction of formaldehyde, benzene and toluene in ultraviolet $/TiO_2/$ activated carbon processes (photooxidation-photocatalytic oxidation-adsorption processes), from 98% to 90%, from 98% to 93% and from 99% to 97% respectively. Form the results we can get a conclusion that a ultraviolet/Tio2/activated carbon system used in the method introduced is a powerful one for th treatment of formaldehyde, benzene and toluene of indoor spaces.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.529-533
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• 2013

Heat-recovery ventilators are being adopted in most newly built apartment houses for energy reduction and indoor environment improvement. In winter, however, the dew condensation resulting from the difference between the indoor and outdoor temperatures may reduce the ventilator's performance and threaten the health of indoor residents. This study analyzes the occurrence of dew condensation according to the ventilator's operational conditions and the changes of temperature and products. The experimental results show that condensations is formed at $26^{\circ}C$ and 60%R.H, which is an unfavorable climatic condition, and when the damper is not closed tightly. Therefore it is important to ensure damper performance to prevent back flow.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제29권
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• pp.14.1-14.8
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• 2014

Objectives Some plants were placed in indoor locations frequented by asthmatics in order to evaluate the quality of indoor air and examine the health benefits to asthmatics. Methods The present study classified the participants into two groups: households of continuation and households of withdrawal by a quasi-experimental design. The households of continuation spent the two observation terms with indoor plants, whereas the households of withdrawal passed the former observation terms with indoor plants and went through the latter observation term without any indoor plants. Results The household of continuation showed a continual decrease in the indoor concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the entire observation period, but the household of withdrawal performed an increase in the indoor concentrations of VOCs, except formaldehyde and toluene during the latter observation term after the decrease during the former observation term. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) increased in the households of continuation with the value of 13.9 L/min in the morning and 20.6 L/min in the evening, but decreased in the households of withdrawal with the value of -24.7 L/min in the morning and -30.2 L/min in the evening in the first experimental season. All of the households exhibited a decrease in the value of PEFR in the second experimental season. Conclusions Limitations to the generalizability of findings regarding the presence of plants indoors can be seen as a more general expression of such a benefit of human-environment relations.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2007년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.161-166
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• 2007

Various thermostatic valves have been used widely in Korea for conservation of heating energy and enhancement of thermal comfort in residential buildings. But heating control performances of thermostatic valves extensively vary with the design and operational conditions of the heating system, climate condition and others. An experimental method was carried out in this study to analyze heating control characteristics by temperature sensing methods of thermostatic valves for various parameters, such as supply temperatures and flow rate of hot water, the position of room thermostats and outdoor air temperatures. As a result, the heat flow rate per day of S-Valve($34^{\circ}C$-Type) of water temperature sensing method was liked that of C-Valve of indoor air temperature sensing method with stage 3.3 of room thermostat in case supply temperature of hot water was $45^{\circ}C$, flow rate was 1.3 L/min and outdoor air temperature was $7.8^{\circ}C$.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.359-369
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• 2018

A model has been developed to predict natural ventilation in a single zone building with large openings. This study first presents pressure-based equations on natural ventilation, that include the combined effect of wind and thermal buoyancy. Moreover, the concept of neutral pressure level(NPL) is introduced to consider the two-way flow through a large opening. The total pressure differences across the opening and the NPL are calculated, and nonlinear equations are solved to find the zonal pressure to satisfy mass conservation. For this analysis, an iterative technique of successively approximating the zonal pressure is used. The results of applying this study model to several simple cases are as follows. When there is no wind and only the stack effect is caused, a one-way flow occurs in both the top and bottom openings in the case of two openings of equal-area, and a one-way flow occurs in the top opening; however, a two-way flow occurs in the bottom opening in the case of two openings of unequal-area. When there is a wind effect, regardless of whether the outside air temperature is lower or higher than the indoor air temperature, air flows into the room through the bottom opening and out of the room through the top opening. As the wind velocity increases, the wind effect appears to be more influential than the stack effect owing to the temperature difference.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.705-706
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• 2008

When heat generated inside a large factory building is not discharged due to a stagnant flow, the working environment of workers becomes worse and the cooling of high-temperature products such as hot-rolling coils is delayed. To investigate the natural ventilation inside a large factory building, experimental studies were carried out using wind-tunnel tests. The scale-down factory building models were placed in an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and the mean and fluctuating velocity fields were measured using a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. For the prototype factory model, the outdoor air is only entrained into the factory building through the one-third open windward wall, and stagnant flow is formed in the rear part of the target area. In order to improve the indoor ventilation environment of the factory building, three different louver-type ventilators were attached at the upper one-third open windward wall of the factory model. Among the three louver ventilators tested in this study, the ventilator model #3 with the outer louver (${\theta}_o$ = 90$^{\circ}$) and the inner louver (${\theta}_i$ = -70$^{\circ}$) was found to improve the natural ventilation inside the factory building model effectively. The flow rate of the entrained air was increased with aligning the outer louver blades with the oncoming wind and guiding the entrained air down to the ground surface with elongated inner louver blades.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.1789-1794
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 핀-관 열교환기와 평행류(PF) 열교환기를 실외 열교환기로 적용한 공조기의 실내외 온도/습도와 같은 환경변화에 대한 냉방성능을 비교 조사하고자 하였다. KS C 9306의 냉방표준 온도조건을 기준으로 핀-관, 2종류의 PF 열교환기를 적용한 공조기 성능변화를 이해하기 위하여 냉방능력과 COP를 획득하였다. 실험을 위해 공기엔탈피 방식의 칼로리미터를 사용하였다. PF 열교환기는 핀-관 열교환기보다 우수한 열전달 능력을 보였다. 그리고 사각형 핀을 적용한 PF형 공조기의 성능이 삼각형 핀의 경우보다 우수하였다. 실내 토출공기의 유속, 실내온도 그리고 실내상대습도가 높아질수록 냉방능력과 COP는 증가를, 실외온도가 높아질수록 냉방능력과 COP는 감소를, 그러나 실외 상대습도 증가에 따른 성능변화는 미미하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.386-395
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• 2005

With the development of a living standard, the importance of indoor air conditioning system in all kinds of buildings and vehicles has increased. A lot of researches on energy losses in a duct and various kinds of flow pattern in branches or junctions have been carried out over many years, because the primary object of a duct system used in HVAC is to provide equal flow rate in the interior of each room by minimizing pressure drop. In this study, to get equal flow distribution in each branch, a blockage is applied to the rectangular duct system. The flow analysis for flow distribution of a rectangular duct with two branches was performed by CFD. By using SIMPLE algorithm and finite volume method, flow analysis is performed in the case of 3-D, incompressible, turbulent flow. Also, the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model and wall function method were used for analysis of turbulent fluid flow. The distribution diagrams of static pressure, velocity vector, turbulent energy and kinetic energy in accordance with variation of Reynolds number and blockages location in a rectangular duct show that flow distribution at duct outlets is improved by a blockage. In this rectangular duct system, mean velocity and flow rate distribution in two branch outlets are nearly constant regardless of variation of Reynolds number, and a flow pattern of the internal duct has a same tendency as well.