• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 1992

Glucosinolates, containing indole glucosinates in Chinese cabbage, cabbage, radish and kale were analyzed as 6, 5, 5 and 2 types of glucosinolates, respectively, Four types of glucosinolates from mustard was identified, but indole glucosinolates were not detectable. In Chinese cabbage, the content of glucosinolates showed higher amount in the bottom, stalk and leaf part in the order, Total amounts of glucosinolates, in dry basis, were higher amount in Chinese cabbage, cabbage, radish, kale and mustard in the Order, and also in processing conditions, showed higher amount in fresh, sun dried, oven dried and cooked samples in the order. During the storage in Chinese cabbage and cabbage, total amounts of glucosinolate decreased gradually as time goes by.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.542-548
• /
• 2017

Two different races of Botryris cinerea were selected by the response of plant leaves to the pathogen infection. Based on lesion size of the pathogen on the leaves, turnip showed susceptible response to 'Grape-01' race, and resistant to 'Orange' race. Turnip leaves infected with resistant pathogen race, "Orange", showed significantly higher content of indole-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate (I3M) than those infected with susceptible race, 'Grape-01'. Contents of I3M in the leaves with resistant 'Orange' race was 2.5 times as high as that in uninfected leaves, whereas I3M in the leaves infected with susceptible 'Grape-01' race showed lower content than in untreated leaves. Growth of turnip suspension cells was significantly inhibited by the treatment of MeOH extract or water extract of 'Orange' race as compared with the treatment of susceptible race, 'Grape-01'. Treatment of MeOH or water extract from 'Orange' race to turnip suspension cells, strongly inhibited cell viability up to 22.7% or 16.5%, respectively. However, plant cells treated with MeOH or water extract from resistant race, 'Orange' showed higher I3M content than that from susceptible race, 'Grape-01'. These results suggest that accumulation and degradation of I3M glucosinolate in turnip cells closely related to the resistance and susceptibility of turnip cells to Botrytis cinerea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
• /
• 1993.12a
• /
• pp.12-13
• /
• 1993

십자화과 채소에는 여러종류의 glucosinolate가 존재하며 이들 중 특히 indolw형 glucosinolate는 여러가지 요인에 의해 분해되어 항암효과를 나타내는 물질들을 생성한다고 보고 되고 있다. 이에 다라 우리나라 농가에서 대량 생산되고 있는 십자화과 채소인 배추 및 무에서 항암전구물질인 indole glucosinolate를 포함한 glucosinolate를 분석 및 동정하고 가공처리조건에 따라 항암물질인 indoleacetonitrile과 indolemethanol의 함량을 측정하였다. 1. GC 및 GC-MS를 이용하여 배추, 무의 품종별 ; 이들 씨에서 4-8종류의 glucosinolate를 동정하였다. 2. Thymol에 의한 총 glucosinolate의 함량은 배추 및 무에서는 복돌이 배추와 왕관무가 3.21, 2.0$\nu$mole/g으로 가장 많았고 배추씨, 무씨에서는 각각 6.38, 4.07$\nu$mole/g이었다. 3. 배추 및 무의 저장중 총 glucosinolate함량은 저장 기간이 지남에 따라 점차 감소하는 경향이였다. 4. 열처리 시간에 따른 배추와 무의 indoleacetonitrile함량은 열처리 시간이 지남에 따라 증가하며 40분 열처리시 최대치를 나타내었다. 5. indolemethanol이 생성될때 방출되는 배추, 무, 배추씨 및 무씨의 Thiocyanate ion의 함량은 열처리 시간이 지남에 따라 증가하며 40분 열처리시 최대치를 나타내었으며 자가분해에 따른 함량도 분해시간이 경과함에 따라 증가하며 30분경과시는 최대치를 나타내었고 이는 40분 열처리시보다 많은 함량이였다.함량이였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 1993

Glucosinolates from radish (Wangkwan, Daejangkun, Taebaek, Daebooryeung and No. 364) and its seed (Wangkwan) were identified, and their degradation product by heat treatment was analyzed. The Wangkwan variety contained much more types of glucosinolates than other radish varieties. Total glucosinolate contents of Wangkwan, Daejangkun, Taebaek, Daebooryeung, No. 354 and Wangkwan seed by GC method were 1.25, 1.10, 0.97, 0.96, 0.90 and 2.14 ${\mu}mole/g$, respectively. The indoleacetonitrile contents after 20 minutes' heat treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ from Wangkwan, Daejangkun, Taebaek, Daebooryeung, No. 364 and Wangkwan seed were 0.28, 0.20, 0.23, 0.21, 0.24 and 0.58 ${\mu}mole/g$, respectively. The heat treatment increased the thiocyanate ion contents in radish and its seed, and the contents were maximum at 30 min.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.371-379
• /
• 2014

In order to determine the response of turnip leaves to various races of Botrytis cinerea, fourteen different races were infected to the leaf surface and measured the lesion size. Based on lesion size of the pathogen on the leaves, turnip showed susceptible response to four races, moderate to seven races and resistant to three races. Four glucosinolate (GLS) compounds, such as butenyl GLS, indole-3ylmethyl GLS (I3M), 4-methoxy-indole-3-ylmethyl GLS (4MOI3M) and normal methoxy-indole-3ylmethyl GLS (NMOI3M) were identified in turnip leaves infected with Botrytis cinerea. Leaves infected with resistant races showed higher GLS contents as compared with the leaves infected with susceptible races. Contents of I3M in the leaves with resistant races were 2.5 times as high as those in uninfected leaves, whereas I3M in the leaves with susceptible races showed lower contents than those in untreated leaves. Leaves infected with resistant races showed 4MOI3M and NMOI3M contents 2.3 and 2.7 times as high as those in uninfected leaves, respectively. GLSs in the infected leaves were most abundant at 5~10 mm area from center of the lesion. However, the GLSs in 5~10 mm area were rapidly degradated at leaves with susceptible races which resulted in continuous expansion of the lesion on the leaves, whereas no degradation was obseveved at leaves with resistant races. These results suggest that accumulation and degradation of GLS compounds in turnip leaves closely related to the susceptibility and resistance of turnip leaves to Botrytis races.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.231-241
• /
• 2008

Indole glucosinolates (IG) play important roles in plant defense, plant-insect interactions, and stress responses in plants. In an attempt to metabolically engineer the IG pathway flux in Chinese cabbage, three important Arabidopsis cDNAs, CYP79B2, CYP79B3, and CYP83B1, were introduced into Chinese cabbage by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Overexpression of CYP79B3 or CYP83B1 did not affect IG accumulation levels, and overexpression of CYP79B2 or CYP79B3 prevented the transformed callus from being regenerated, displaying the phenotype of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) overproduction. However, when CYP83B1 was overexpressed together with CYP79B2 and/or CYP79B3, the transformed calli were regenerated into whole plants that accumulated higher levels of glucobrassicin, 4-hydroxy glucobrassicin, and 4-methoxy glucobrassicin than wild-type controls. This result suggests that the flux in Chinese cabbage is predominantly channeled into IAA biosynthesis so that coordinate expression of the two consecutive enzymes is needed to divert the flux into IG biosynthesis. With regard to IG accumulation, overexpression of all three cDNAs was no better than overexpression of the two cDNAs. The content of neoglucobrassicin remained unchanged in all transgenic plants. Although glucobrassicin was most directly affected by overexpression of the transgenes, elevated levels of the parent IG, glucobrassicin, were not always accompanied by increases in 4-hydroxy and 4-methoxy glucobrassicin. However, one transgenic line producing about 8-fold increased glucobrassicin also accumulated at least 2.5 fold more 4-hydroxy and 4-methoxy glucobrassicin. This implies that a large glucobrassicin pool exceeding some threshold level drives the flux into the side chain modification pathway. Aliphatic glucosinolate content was not affected in any of the transgenic plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 1992

The released amount of thiocyanate ion in Cruciferous vegetables treated by wet heat, increased as the reaction time goes by and was maximum value after treatment for 30min, but it was not changed by dry heat treatment. When samples were autolyzed by myrosinase, the amount of thiocyanate ion increased gradually as time goes by, was maximum value after 3hrs and much higher than those in the sample treated by wet. The released amount of thiocyanate ion in each sample showed much in cabbage, Chinese cabbage, radish, kale and mustard in the order. The generated amount of indoleacetonitrile by heat treatment increased as time goes by and the generated amount in each sample determined was high in the order of cabbage, Chinese cabbage and radish.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.35 no.3 s.138
• /
• pp.259-263
• /
• 2004

Twelve constituents were isolated from the MeOH extract of the root of Brassica campestris L. ssp rapa. They were identified as linoleic acid methylester (1), palmitic acid (2), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (3), 1-methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile (4), indole-3-acetonitrile (5), linolenic acid (6), goitrin (7),4-hydroxycinnamyl alcohol (8), coniferyl alcohol (9), p-coumaroylglucose (11) and feruloylglucose (12), on the basis of spectral data respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.35 no.3 s.138
• /
• pp.255-258
• /
• 2004

Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp pekinensis) is one of the most popular green vegetables in Cruciferae family, which consisted in many Korean food. All kinds of Chinese cabbage are used both fresh and cooked with certain varieties being more suitable than others for some uses. A unique dish, Kimchi, has been developed in Korea and elsewhere by fermenting Chinese cabbage and pickling it in salt solution. Though lots of beneficial effect of Kimchi on human health has been published before, it is still debatable and in vague on the active origin of the Kimchi or of the Chinese cabbage responsible for the corresponding biological activities. We have recently conducted photochemical investigation of the Chinese cabbage, which is the main ingredient of the Korean traditional food, Kimchi. The MeOH extract of Chinese cabbage was partitioned with ethylacetate and BuOH, successively. The ethyl acetate soluble part was subjected to column chromatography with silica gel and RP-18, which gave finally five minor components, i.e., ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (1), indole-3-acetonitrile (2), 4-methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile (3), methyl ferulate (4), glycerol 1-(9,12,15-octadecatrienoate) (5). The structures of them were established on the basis of spectral $(^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR)$ evidences.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.189-204
• /
• 2019

In this study, we analyzed the changes in glucosinolate content and gene expression in TO1000DH3 and Early big seedling upon methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Analysis of glucosinolate contents after MeJA treatment at $200{\mu}M$ concentration showed that the total glucosinolate content increased by 1.3-1.5 fold in TO1000DH3 and 1.3-3.8 fold in Early big compared to those before treatment. Aliphatic glucosinolates, progoitrin and gluconapin, were detected only in TO1000DH3, and the changes in the content of neoglucobrassicin were the greatest at 48 hours after MeJA treatment in TO1000DH3 and Early big. The transcriptomic analysis showed that transcripts involved in stress or defense reactions, or those related to growth were specifically expressed in TO1000DH3, while transcripts related to nucleosides or ATP biosynthesis were specifically expressed in Early big. GO analysis on transcripts with more than two-fold change in expression upon MeJA treatment, corresponding to 12,020 transcripts in TO1000DH3 and 13,510 transcripts in Early big, showed that the expression of transcripts that react to stimulus and chemical increased in TO1000DH3 and Early big, while those related to single-organism and ribosome synthesis decreased. In particular, the expression increased for all transcripts related to indole glucosinolate biosynthesis, which is associated with increase in glucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin contents. Upon MeJA treatment, the expression of AOP3 (Bo9g006220, Bo9g006240), TGG1 (Bo14804s010) increased only in TO1000DH3, while the expression of Dof1.1 (Bo5g008360), UGT74C1 (Bo4g177540), and GSL-OH (Bo4g173560, Bo4g173550, Bo4g173530) increased specifically in Early big.