• 해양안보
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.71-123
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• 2021

한국 정부는 미국 주도의 인도-태평양 전략 (Indo-Pacific Strategy, IPS)과 중국의 일대일로 계획 (Belt and Road Initiative, BRI) 간 양자택일이라는 점차 커져가는 압박을 마주하고 있다. 이에 따라, 이 연구는 한국 국가 정책 과제의 맥락에서 IPS와 BRI를 상세히 분석해 본다. Daniel Nexon and Thomas Wright (2007)의 네트워크 구조 연구를 기반으로, 이 연구는 IPS와 BRI에 각각 특정한 네트워크 구조를 규정하고자 한다. 이 분석을 통해 핵심국과 참가국 간의 관계를 설명할 수 있다. IPS 와 BRI의 특정 구성에 대한 이해는 참가국이 각 네트워크에서 기대할 수 있는 바를 나타내므로 중요하다. Nexon and Wright에 따르면, 네트워크 구조에는 단극성 무정부 상태, 헤게모니적 질서, 헌법적 질서, 제국적 질서의 네 가지 유형이 있다. 이를 바탕으로 IPS는 헌법적 질서를, BRI는 제국적 질서를 가지고 있는 것으로 분석된다. 따라서, 이 연구는 IPS 참여가 중국과의 BRI 파트너십보다 독립적인 외교 정책을 가능케 할 여지가 크다는 점을 한국 정부에 제안한다. IPS 참여를 통해 한국은 국가 안보 측면에서 이익을 누릴 수 있고, 보다 유리한 지역 권력 균형을 달성할 수 있을 것이다.

• 해양안보
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.83-107
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• 2023

인도-태평양 국가인 대한민국에게 이 지역의 안정과 번영은 국가의 생존과 이익에 직결된다. 현재 인태지역은 미국과 중국의 전략적 경쟁으로 안보환경이 불안정하며, 초국가· 비전통적 위협도 상존하고 있어, 소자/다자 간 공동의 대응을 요구하고 있다. 이에 따라 미국, 일본, ASEAN 및 역외의 EU, NATO까지 자체 인태전략을 발표하며, 이 지역 현안에 개입하고자 노력 중이다. 한국도 2022년 12월 28일, 독자적인 인태전략을 공개하였는데, 이는 이전 신남방정책의 균형외교(전략적 모호성)를 벗어나, 광범위한 인태지역의 현안에 적극적으로 개입·기여하겠다는 의미로 받아들여진다. 이제 해군은 정부의 인태전략을 뒷받침하기 위해 준비해야 한다. 첫째, 역내 안보현안 관련 소자/다자 간 군사협력을 강화하고, 둘째, 이 협력의 메시지를 전파하기 위해 해군력 현시, 연합훈련 등 실제 전력을 운용하여 잠재적 위협에 대해 거부적 억제를 달성해야 한다. 셋째, 인태지역에 상존하는 초국가·비전통적 위협에 대응하는 한편, 선진국으로 발돋움한 한국의 해군으로서, 개발도상국의 해양력 증강을 지원하는 기여 외교도 실시해야 할 것이다. 이러한 역할을 수행함에 있어, 해군 고유의 작전특성(기동성, 융통성, 지속성, 현시성, 투사성)이 발휘될 것이며, 이를 구현하기 위해 해군 내·외부 작전환경(SWOT)을 분석하고, 발전방안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2019

We have conducted faunistic study of sea lice collected from marine plankton samples of western and southern coasts of Korea. These specimens were identified as Caligus undulatus Shen and Li, 1959, belonging to family Caligidae and order Siphonostomatoida with worldwide distribution. The range extension of C. undulatus is reported in addition to the previously known distributional range from the Northwest Pacific (China, Japan, and Korea), India, Brazil, and Mexico. This species can be distinguished from all previous reports with characteristics such as overall body proportions of both sexes, structure details of mouth appendages, armature of legs, and some variation in body size. The distributional range of C. undulatus is now given with its northern and south hemisphere limit being 40 to $10^{\circ}N$ in the Indo-Pacific and $30^{\circ}S$ in the Southwest Atlantic. This is the first record of its female occurring in Korea.

• Strategy21
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• 통권44호
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• pp.28-53
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• 2018

The U.S. has recently developed Free and Open Indo-Pacific strategy and Distributed Lethality strategy based on a common perception that they are responding to China's threats. In the future, it is anticipated the following. Strengthen cooperation of the U.S.-India-Vietnam navy, Maximizing the combined combat power between the U.S. and regional navies, Improving its ability to restore damage control, Economic cooperation between the Pacific and Indian countries. The meanings given to the Korean navy are as follows. First, South Korea should pursue cooperation with the Indian Navy, which will grow into a regional balance on China's growth. The growth of the Indian navy is expected to increase cooperation with other Pacific countries. The government should seek ways to promote cooperation with india navy in various fields. Secondly, it is a joint drill between the U.S. Navy and the Korean Navy. Recently, the Korea-U.S. joint drill has not been conducted and many changes are expected to be made regarding the implementation of the joint drill in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to respond to possible changes in the naval relationship between Korea navy and the U.S. navy Also, due to distributed lethality strategy, preparations for operations and training with U.S.navy will be necessary. Lastly, it should contribute to cooperation among regional countries in preparation for maritime territorial disputes. The growth of the Chinese navy and the territorial disputes in the East and South China sea has raised the possibility of accidental military clashes at sea. Therefore, the government should make efforts to create multilateral security cooperation systems that can continue to promote the prevention of armed conflict.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3505-3508
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• 2015

Background: Ras genes are thought to play an important role in human cancer since they have been found to be activated frequently in several types of tumors including breast cancer, where the overall incidence of K-RAS oncogene activation is 0-10%. Evaluation of K-RAS gene not only for mutational frequency but also for mutation types in this downstream signaling gene pathway is necessary to determine the mechanisms of action. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that K-RAS activation is involved in breast cancer risk of south Indian population. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 paired pathologically confirmed tumor and non-tumor tissues from the same breast cancer patients were analysed for most common K-RAS mutations of codon 12,13 and 61 by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction digestion and direct nucleotide sequencing method. Results: We found that a high rate of homozygous and heterozygous mutations of codon 12, but not codon 13 and 61, may influence the invasive ductal carcinoma of breast risk in this study. Conclusions: Our study indicated that only codon 12 may be involved in initiating breast carcinogenesis in India.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.91-110
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• 2020

This paper traces the trajectory of a variety of complicated economic and political developments between China and India - the world's most ancient civilizations connected by rich history. These recent developments, which are heavily acrimonious and include military clashes involving loss of lives, have greatly damaged bilateral relations. The paper examines the reasons behind the bilateral relations dipping to new lows. Aside from specific bilateral disputes like outstanding border problems, China-India relations have been affected by global and regional developments. The paper identifies rising tensions between the U.S. and China, the evolution of the Belt and Road Initiative, and the growth of the Indo-Pacific construct, as the reasons that have expanded distance and mistrust between the two countries. Both China and India are now part of country coalitions aiming to marginalize each other's strategic influences. The paper argues that such efforts by them are going to impact countries in their neighbourhood - such as in Central Asia - by forcing them to make complex choices in the areas of trade engagement and technological development.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.400-407
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• 2020

An epialtid spider crab, Naxioides robillardi (Miers, 1882), is known as widely distributed in Indo-West Pacific region include Japanese waters. Four specimens of epialtid crabs were collected from adjacent waters of Jejudo Island and identified as N. robillardi. This species can be grouped into two forms such as N. robillardi form typical and N. robillardi form mammillata according to morphological features of carapace, gastric spine, and chela. Morphological characters of all Korean specimens well agree with the form mammillata in general. In this paper, morphological diagnosis and illustrations of newly collected N. robillardi are provided. DNA barcode sequence of COI region is also determined for the first time.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.600-605
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• 2018

The Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins Tursiops aduncus are the only cetacean species that can be observed visually on coastal areas of Jeju Island and regarded as one of valuable tour resources. We attempted to figure out location and timing information of the dolphin sightings collected from two major social media, Naver $Caf{\acute{e}}$ and Instagram. 142 of dolphin sighting information were derived from 2,501 dolphin related postings on Naver $Caf{\acute{e}}$ between 2004 to 2017. 292 informative postings also were found on Instagram through hashtag searching. The number of posts about dolphin sighting was not frequent until 2014. Since 13 posts were found in 2014, dramatic increase of the sighting numbers was accelerated as 38 in 2015, 93 in 2016 and 269 in 2017. 195 (45.7%) from coastal area of Daejeong-eup, south-western part of the Island, were posted. The number of dolphin sightings also high from Gujwa-eup(n=50, 11.7%), Hangyeong-myeon (n=49, 11.5%), Seongsan-eup (n=38, 8.9%) and Seogwipo-si (n=34, 8.0%). Our results show that social media data has a high potential to be used as a data source for study of distribution pattern of the dolphins.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.56-65
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• 2019

남방큰돌고래(Tursiops aduncus)는 클릭음을 사용하는 이빨고래로써 국외에서 지속적인 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 그러나 남방큰돌고래의 클릭음에 대한 연구는 대부분 사육중인 개체에 대해 이루어졌으며 국내에서는 휘슬음에 관한 연구만 수행되었다. 본 논문에서는 제주 연안에 서식하는 야생개체의 남방큰돌고래 클릭음에 대한 음향특성을 분석하였다. 음향특성을 분석하기 위해 음향 파라미터인 신호 길이, 첫 번째 피크 주파수, 두 번째 피크 주파수, 3 dB 대역폭 및 10 dB 대역폭을 산출하였으며 호주 서식 종의 클릭음 음향특성과 비교하였다. 결과적으로, 신호 길이는 평균 $38{\mu}s$를 나타냈고 대부분의 클릭음이 $20{\mu}s-60{\mu}s$ 범위 내에 속하였다. 2종류의 대역폭의 경우 협대역과 광대역의 주파수 특성 모두 나타냈으며, 첫 번째 피크 주파수(평균 $96kHz{\pm}18kHz$)와 두 번째 피크 주파수(평균 $69kHz{\pm}19kHz$)를 통해 바이모달 신호 특성을 확인하였다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2015

The karyotypes of most species of crocodilians were studied using conventional and molecular cytogenetics. These provided an important contribution of chromosomal rearrangements for the evolutionary processes of Crocodylia and Sauropsida (birds and reptiles). The karyotypic features of crocodilians contain small diploid chromosome numbers (30~42), with little interspecific variation of the chromosome arm number (fundamental number) among crocodiles (56~60). This suggested that centric fusion and/or fission events occurred in the lineage, leading to crocodilian evolution and diversity. The chromosome numbers of Alligator, Caiman, Melanosuchus, Paleosuchus, Gavialis, Tomistoma, Mecistops, and Osteolaemus were stable within each genus, whereas those of Crocodylus (crocodylians) varied within the taxa. This agreed with molecular phylogeny that suggested a highly recent radiation of Crocodylus species. Karyotype analysis also suggests the direction of molecular phylogenetic placement among Crocodylus species and their migration from the Indo-Pacific to Africa and The New World. Crocodylus species originated from an ancestor in the Indo-Pacific around 9~16 million years ago (MYA) in the mid-Miocene, with a rapid radiation and dispersion into Africa 8~12 MYA. This was followed by a trans-Atlantic dispersion to the New World between 4~8 MYA in the Pliocene. The chromosomes provided a better understanding of crocodilian evolution and diversity, which will be useful for further study of the genome evolution in Crocodylia.