• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.65-80
• /
• 2024

Objectives: This study aims to compare changes in physical factors, health behaviors, eating habits, and nutritional intake among Korean male and female adults over a period of three years (2019-2021) before and after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: This study utilized raw data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2021). The participants in this study included 6,235 individuals in 2019, 5,865 individuals in 2020, and 5,635 individuals in 2021. Individuals whose daily energy intake was less than 500 kcal or exceeded 5,000 kcal were excluded from the study. Results: In comparison to 2019, overweight/obesity rates, weight, waist circumference, weekend sleep hours, and resistance exercise days/week increased in both male and female during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding eating habits, the proportions of people skipping breakfast, not eating out, consuming health supplements, and recognizing nutritional labels increased in 2020 and 2021, whereas the rate of skipping dinner decreased. Total energy intake has continued to decrease for the two years since 2019. A comparison of nutrient intake per 1,000 kcal before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 revealed that intake of nutrients, including protein, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, riboflavin, and niacin increased, while folic acid intake decreased. In male, calcium, phosphorus, riboflavin, and niacin intakes increased, whereas iron, vitamin C, and folic acid intakes decreased. In female, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, and riboflavin intake increased significantly, while protein and niacin intake decreased significantly. Conclusions: After COVID-19, the obesity rate, breakfast skipping rate, health supplement intake, and nutritional label use increased, while the frequency of eating out, dinner skipping rate, and total energy intake decreased. These environmental changes and social factors highlight the need for nutritional education and management to ensure proper nutritional intake and reduce obesity rates in the post-COVID-19 era.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권10호
• /
• pp.4643-4646
• /
• 2016

The CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) delta 32 allele results in a nonfunctional form of the chemokine receptor and has been implicated in a variety of immune-mediated diseases. $CCR5{\Delta}32$ may also predispose one to chronic liver disease or be linked with resistance to HBV infection. This study was undertaken to investigate any association between CCR5 polymorphism with resistance to hepatitis B or susceptibility to HBV infection. A total of 812 Iranian individuals were enrolled into two groups: HBV infected cases (n=357), who were HBsAg-positive, and healthy controls (n=455). We assessed polymorphisms in the CCR5 gene using specific CCR5 oligonucleotide primers surrounding the breakpoint deletion. Genotype distributions of the HBV infected cases and healthy controls were determined and compared. The CCR5/CCR5 (WW) and $CCR5/CCR5{\Delta}32$ (W/D) genotypes were found in (98%) and (2%) of HBV infected cases, respectively. The $CCR5{\Delta}32/{\Delta}32$genotype was not found in HBV infected cases. Genotype distributions of CCR5 in healthy controls were W/W genotype in (87.3%), W/D genotype in (11.2%) and D/D genotype in (1.5%). Heterozygosity for $CCR5/CCR5{\Delta}32$ (W/D) in healthy controls was greater than in HBV infected cases (11.2% vs 2%, p < 0.001). W/D and D/D genotypes were more prominent in healthy controls than in HBV infected cases. This study provides evidence that the $CCR5{\Delta}32$ polymorphism may have a protective effect in resistance to HBV infection at least in the Iranian population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.3305-3308
• /
• 2013

Background: The role of inflammation in prostate diseases is suggested by the presence of inflammatory cells within the prostate in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) patients. In addition, bacterial and viral infection may lead to chronic and recurrent inflammation of the prostate. The human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a family of sexually transmitted viruses which have been implicated in the aetiology of cervical cancer and several other malignancies. This study evaluated the frequency of HPV infection in individuals with prostatic disease in Iran. Materials and Methods: The study included formalin fixed paraffin- embedded tissue samples of 196 primary prostate cases, including 29 PCa and 167 BPH samples. HPV DNA was purified and amplified through MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+ primers with nested PCR. All patients were interviewed using a questionnaire to collect demographic information. Results: Nested PCR showed that HPV DNA was found in 17.2 percent of PCa samples and 4.8 percent of BPH samples (not significant). Conclusions: Our data do not support a significant role of HPV infection in prostatic disease in Iranian patients, but demographic data indicated a probable association between presence of HPV DNA and risk of inflammation in prostate tissue which might lead to prostate carcinoma. Further studies are required to elucidate any roles of HPV infection in prostatic disease.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 2002

최근 들어 컴퓨터와 디스플레이 기술의 발달로 실제 공포 상황에서의 자극과 거의 유사한 자극을 유발할 수 있는 가상환경의 창조가 가능하게 되었으며 이러한 실제 상황에서의 노출치료 대안으로 가상현실을 이용한 공포증의 치료방법이 사용되어져 왔다. 하지만 가상환경이 공포증 환자 에게 심리적이나 생리적으로 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 가상환경 하에서 공포증환자와 정상인의 생리적 반응에 대한 평가를 함으로써 가상환경이 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하고. 또한 가상현실 치료 시에 공포증환자의 생리적 반응의 변화를 측정함으로써 치료의 성공유무를 판단할 수 있는 지표를 제시하고자 한다. 본 실험은 스물 두 명의 정상인 (평균 32.74세)과 서른여섯 명의 비행공포증 환자를 대상으로 두 그룹으로 나누어 진행되었다. 생리적 반응으로는 심박동수, 피부저항. 그리고 피부 온도를 측정하였다. 실험결과. 두 그룹에서의 피부저항은 유의한 차이(T(56)=2.978, p〈0.01)를 보였으며, 공포증 환자 그룹 중 가상현실로 공포증이 치료가 된 서른세 명의 피부저항은 치료가 진행됨에 따라 점차 정상인의 특성 쪽으로 가까워짐을 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 생리적 반응. 특히 피부저항은 가상환경에서 피험자의 상태를 이해하거나, 가상환경을 이용한 치료의 결과를 검증하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이라 사려된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.167-175
• /
• 2017

Objective: To evaluate the differences in maxillomandibular transverse measurements at either the crown or the estimated center of resistance (CR), and to compare values between normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion groups. Methods: Dental casts and computed tomography (CT) data from 30 individuals with normal occlusion and 30 with skeletal Class III malocclusions were evaluated. Using the casts, dental arch widths (DAWs) were measured from the cusp tips, and basal arch widths (BAWs-cast) were measured as the distance between the points at the mucogingival junction adjacent to the respective cusp tips. The BAWs determined from CT (BAWs-CT) images were measured from the estimated CRs of the teeth. Results: None of the DAW measurements or maxillomandibular DAW differences showed statistically significant intergroup differences. In contrast, the maxillary BAWs-CT and BAWs-cast were lesser in the Class III malocclusion group than in the normal occlusion group. The mandibular BAWs-CT were significantly greater in the Class III malocclusion group than in the normal occlusion group. Moreover, the maxillomandibular BAW differences on both CT and cast showed significant intergroup differences in all transverse measurements. Conclusions: The maxillomandibular DAW differences showed no significant intergroup differences. In contrast, the maxillomandibular BAW differences on both CT and cast showed significant intergroup differences in all transverse measurements. The maxillomandibular BAW differences at the estimated CRs, measured using CT or casts, can reveal underlying transverse maxillary basal arch deficiencies in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusions.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.587-593
• /
• 2021

Infertility is a key issue affecting mood and behavior in men. Microorganisms are one of the primary etiological agents that may be associated with infertility. The objective of the present study was to identify bacterial causative agents from the semen of infertile subjects and determine the effect of bacterial infection on sperm quality, as well as determine the susceptibility of these bacteria to drugs. Forty semen samples from 30 infertile patients and 10 fertile individuals were collected. The pH, volume, motility, and concentration of semen were analyzed. The samples were processed and identified by biochemical testing using API identification kits. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined using the disc diffusion method. Abnormal sperm quality was observed. The mean age of the individual and their sperm morphology, concentration, progressive motility, pH level, and pus cell content were 31.9 years, 2.7%, 10.4 million/ml, 27.3%, 8.3, and 5.7, respectively. Among the tested samples, oligoasthenozoospermia was found to show the highest occurrence, at 27/30 samples, followed by teratozoospermia, at 25/30 samples, and asthenozoospermia, at 22/30 samples. Of the tested infertile patients' sperm, 19, 6, and 5 isolates were identified as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. The results also revealed multi-drug resistance in the bacteria. Compared to that shown by the other tested antibiotics, amikacin showed higher activity against all isolated bacteria. However, the bacteria exhibited maximum resistance against gentamicin, cefotaxime, levofloxacin, and ampicillin. In conclusion, leukocytospermia and bacterial infections are possibly responsible for sperm abnormalities. Multi-drug resistant bacteria were detected. Gentamicin, cefotaxime, levofloxacin and ampicillin were shown the highest resistance, while amikacin was the most effective antimicrobial agent against the isolated bacteria.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.229-234
• /
• 1977

벼 흰빛잎마름균을 이용하여 Streptomycin 계약제인 Agrepto에 대한 내성형질의 선발효과를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 사용된 약제 Agrepto는 $105^{\circ}C$에서 20분간의 온도처리에서 약제의 안정성을 보였다. 2) 서로 다른 지역균주인 75-6 및 75-9 묘주는 선발영제농도 10ug/ml 및 100ug/ml에서 상이한 내성력을 나타내는 내성균이 선발되었다. 3) 저농도인 10ug/ml 및 100ug/ml의 선발농도에서도 10,000ug/ml에서 생장이 가능한 내성균이 선발될 수 있었다. 4) 전세대 100ug/ml에서 선발하고 재차 3,000ug/ml에서 선발된 선발균주는 처리농도 100ug/ml에서 무처리와 동일한 생장량을 보였다. 5) 자연집단의 균주 75-9를 100ug/ml에서 선발한 이들 분리균주는 내성 정도에 있어서 500ug/ml 이하, 500-1,000ug/ml 및 1,000-3,000ug/ml의 내성을 나타내는 몇단계의 내성력 정도가 상이한 균들이 분포하고 있었다.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.185-191
• /
• 2012

본 시험은 고추의 육종을 위한 병 저항성 고추를 선발하고자 하였다. 국내에서 시판중인 역병 저항성 품종인 PR계통 21품종, 미국에서 도입해온 36품종과 역병감수성 품종인 '슈퍼마니따'를 사용하여 역병, 탄저병, 흰가루병의 병 저항성 검정을 수행하였다. $Phytophthora$ $capsici$에 의해 발병하는 고추역병의 유묘검정은 서로 다른 교배형(A1, A2, Sterile)을 가지는 3 균주를 사용하여 접종하였다. 그 결과 대부분의 PR계통 고추들은 각각의 교배형에 대하여 저항성 또는 중도저항성을 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. '역강홍장군'은 서로 다른 교배형의 세 가지 균주에 대하여 저항성을 나타냈으며, 'PR-다따'와 'PR-마니따'는 각각의 교배형에 저항성 또는 중도저항성을 보였다. 외래종의 경우, 'NuMex J.E.Parker', 'Omni Color'과 'SCM-334' 품종은 세 가지 균주에 저항성을 나타냈고, 'Sweet Banana'와 'Tabasco'를 포함한 몇몇 품종들은 각각의 균주에 중도저항성을 나타냈다. 흰가루병에 대하여 'Orange Habanero', 'black Cuban'은 저항성을 나타냈으며, '슈퍼마니따'와 'PR 금동'은 중도저항성을 나타냈다. 'Santa Fe Grnade', 'NuMex Pinata' 품종은 흰가루병에 매우 심한 감수성인 것으로 조사되었다. 탄저병의 경우, 'Aji Limon'과 'C. baccatum var. pendelum 3-4' 품종은 저항성인 것으로 조사되었다. 'Pobalno', 'Omni Color', 'Negro', 'Mesilla', 'Mulato', 'Bhut Jolokia', 'Big Dipper', 'Black Cuban', 'NuMex Pinata'와 'NuMex Big Jim'은 중도저항성을 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. '태산'을 제외한 대부분의 PR계통들은 탄저병에 대하여 감수성 내지 심한 감수성인 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 확인된 저항성 개체는 이후에 고추 병저항성 육종에 유용한 유전자원으로 이용될 수 있다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.148-155
• /
• 2013

Antibiotic is one of the mainly prescribed drugs in dental office. The substantial part of all antibiotics used in dental office is given to patients without signs or symptoms of infection to prevent infections, and antibiotics became the most widely abused prescribed drugs on the basis of inappropriate indications, dosages and durations. Considering that antibiotics are one of the drugs that affect not only a single patient but also entire populations of individuals through their collective effects on microbial ecology, the importance of proper use of antimicrobial therapy can hardly be overemphasized. Therefore, the main considerations for antibiotic therapy in denial office were summarized here.

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to show the aerodynamic characteristics and differences in muscle tension dysphonia and adductor spasmodic dysphonia to predict factors which will provide additional information while preparing for the objective examination standard to distinguish the two dysphonias. Forty-eight individuals diagnosed with muscle tension dysphonia and adductor spasmodic dysphonia participated in this study. PAS was used in order to find the aerodynamic characteristics for the two dysphonias. The outcomes of this study show that the airflow variation and glottal resistance of the two groups showed noticeable differences. This study concludes that the aerodynamic characteristics may be used as additional information on diverse evaluations to classify muscle tension dysphonia and adductor spasmodic dysphonia.