• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.89-112
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• 2019

To investigate the interplay between individual and collective self-regulations, the authors propose a dialectic process that describes the changes in the locus of self-regulations between individual self and collective self. The results from three studies display a strong support for the two sets of hypotheses drawn from the proposed process. Our findings demonstrate that consumers can move the locus of self-regulation from individual-self to collective-self when a social identity is activated (preliminary study and study1). Further examination of regulatory swing between individual and collective regulatory orientations revealed group identification as a key variable in determining the locus of self-regulation (study2). While a consumer with a high level of group identification changes her locus of self-regulation from an individual to a collective (a regulatory shift) and evaluated messages and products framed consistent with their group orientation, a consumer with low level of group identification maintains her locus of self-regulation in her personal level of self (a regulatory preservation) and evaluated messages and products framed consistent with their personal regulatory focus.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2020

최근 대학수업에서 공유된 교육목표를 토대로 집단을 이루어 함께 학습하는 협력학습이 강조되고 있으며 그에 따른 집단지성에 대한 관심이 확산되고 있다. 이에 따라 협력학습에서 집단지성을 높일 수 있는 변인에 대한 연구의 필요성도 확대되고 있다. 본 연구는 학습자의 개인변인으로 개인창의성, 팀관련 변인으로 팀신뢰와 팀효능감, 학습성과변인으로 집단지성을 선정하여 구조적 관계를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 협력학습에 참여한 경기지역 A대학교, 대전지역 H대학교 및 충청지역 K대학교의 학부생 770명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며 구조방정식을 통해 변인 간의 관련성을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 개인창의성은 팀효능감과 집단지성에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤으며 팀신뢰는 팀효능감과 집단지성에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 팀효능감은 집단지성에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구는 향후 대학 협력학습의 수업설계 및 운영전략을 수립하기 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국심리학회지:여성
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.263-282
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• 2008

진로포부는 성인기 삶에서 중요한 직업적 삶의 적응과 관련된 변인으로서 많은 진로 연구자들의 지속적 관심을 받아왔다. 진로포부 발달의 성차의 심리적 기제를 밝히는 것은 여성과 남성의 진로 발달의 차이에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 개인의 잠재성 발현을 위한 효과적인 진로 지도 및 상담을 위해 꼭 필요한 일일 것이다. 본 연구는 진로포부 형성에 주요한 영향을 미치는 사회적 지지와 진로포부 간의 관계에서 개인자존감과 집단자존감이 어떠한 역할을 하는지를 조사한 후 이러한 심리적 기제가 성차에 따라 다른지를 검증하였다. 서울에 있는 대학교에서 심리학 관련 교양 수업을 듣는 학생 316명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며, 질문지에는 사회적 지지, 집단자존감, 개인자존감과 진로포부에 관한 문항들이 포함되었다. 구조 방정식 모형을 이용해 개인자존감과 집단자존감의 매개효과를 살펴보았을 때 결과는 다음과 같았다. 먼저, 개인자존감과 진로포부의 관계에 있어 집단자존감의 완전매개모형이 부분매개모형보다 더 우수한 적합도를 보여주었다. 다음으로 사회적 지지와 진로포부사이에서 개인자존감과 집단자존감의 부분매개효과 유의미하게 나타났다. 마지막으로 사회적지지, 개인자존감, 집단자존감과 진로포부 간의 관계 모형이 성차에 따라 달라지는 지를 확인해 본 결과 성차에 따라 이들 각 변인 간의 관계성에 있어서 차이가 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 진로포부 형성에 있어서 독립된 개인에 대한 평가 또는 지각뿐만 아니라 개인 속한 사회적 집단에 대한 평가 또는 지각이 환경적 요인과의 상호작용을 통해 진로포부 형성에 영향을 끼침을 보여주는 것이다. 또한 성차에 따른 관계 모형의 차이는 진로포부 형성의 심리적 기제가 성차에 따라 다를 수 있음을 보여주는 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.287-297
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to nurses' organizational citizenship behavior using multilevel analysis which included both nurse characteristics at individual levels and nursing unit characteristics at group levels. Methods: The sample was composed of 1,996 nurses who were selected from 182 nursing units in 28 hospitals in six metropolitan cities and seven provinces using cluster sampling. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from February to March 2006. Results: The results of the study indicated that individual level variables related to organizational citizenship behavior were religion, job position, clinical career, self efficacy, positive affectivity, and supervisor support. The group level variables related to organizational citizenship behavior were collective efficacy, number of nurses in a nursing unit, and the average salary level of a nursing unit. 30.9% of individual level variances of organizational citizenship behavior were explained by the nurses' individual level variables. The explanatory power of group level variables, which is related to group level variances of organizational citizenship behavior, was 75.5%. Conclusion: This research showed that it was necessary to develop appropriate strategies related to not only individual factors, but also higher-level organizational factors such as collective efficacy, to improve individual performances in the hospital.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the indiscriminate development occuring as a result of high-density land use per lot in residential areas of Seoul, which mainly consist of detached houses. The primary goals of this study were: (1) to suggest a block unit development method as an alternative architectural method of the current uniform development, in which high-rise and high-density apartments are usually built; and (2) to check the feasibility of the suggested method. Based on the analyses of the existing block composition types of residential areas, the prerequisite planning indices for applying a collective housing model were investigated. Subsequent to applying a collective housing type within each unit block, the collective housing model was analyzed. The results of the analyses showed that indiscriminate development was rampant in detached urban houses areas, and more than 70% of the buildings constructed before the 1980s needed re-development. The feasibility of the models was investigated depending on the models of low-rise and high-density collective housing, which utilize various block arrangements such as the court type, linear type, villa type, and composite type. The results of this study showed that the newly applied low-rise and highdensity multiple dwelling housing model in urban individual residential area significantly contributed to creating a good living environment in terms of both physical and psychological aspects.

• 국제강구조저널
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1508-1524
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• 2018

Hysteretic energy dissipating devices (HEDDs) have been increasingly applied to building construction to improve the seismic performance. The seismic responses of such damped structures are significantly affected by HEDD's structural properties. An accurate investigation on the propagation of HEDD's structural properties is required for reasonable evaluation of the seismic performance of a structure. This study aims to develop simplified methods that can estimate the collective uncertainty-propagation to the seismic response of damped structures employing HEDDs. To achieve this, three- and six-story steel moment-resisting frames were selected and the propagations of the individual HEDD's property-uncertainties were evaluated when they are subjected to various levels of seismic demand. Based on the result of individual uncertainty-propagations, a simplified method is proposed to evaluate the variation of seismic response collectively propagated by HEDD's property-uncertainties and is verified by comparing with the exact collective uncertainty-propagation calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The proposed method, called as a modified SRSS method in this study, is established from a conventional square root of the sum of the squares (SRSS) method with the relative contributions of the individual HEDD's property-uncertainty propagations. This study shows that the modified SRSS method provides a better estimation than the conventional SRSS method and can significantly reduce computational time with reasonable accuracy compared with the Monte Carlo simulation method.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2015

Collective intelligence can be an influential factor of decision-making based on collaboration and information exchange between individuals. Our study explores whether collective intelligence can mitigate the loss aversion effect, bias and error in human judgment, and collective intelligence in online communities can reduce the loss aversion effect. Our community settings display both individual-level and group-level loss aversion effect, investigate effective collective intelligence characteristics like investment commitment, participant experience. Using a multi-method approach our research comprises a web-based experiment with 100 participants investing 3 situations from a real-world community, data from a survey measuring loss aversion behavior of participants. The results suggest the loss aversion effect mitigates under the online-circumstance. Overall, our results suggest that, while collective intelligence mitigates the loss aversion effect, participants do not transfer these results to other settings.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.222-245
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• 2020

In the pandemic crisis, many governments implemented harsh interventions that might contradict democratic values and civil liberties. In Taiwan, the debate over whether or not to reveal personal information of infected persons to limit the coronavirus's spread poses the democratic dilemma between public health and civil liberties. This study examines whether and explains how Taiwan's people respond to the choice between individual privacy and collective security. We used survey data gathered in May 2020 to show that, first, the democratic values did not deter the pursuit of collective safety at the cost of civil liberty; rather, people with higher social trust were more likely to give up their civil liberties in exchange for public safety. Second, people who support democratic values and pursue collective security tend to avoid violating privacy by opposing the release of personal information. This study proves that democratic values do not necessarily threaten collective safety and that the pursuit of common good can co-exist with personal privacy.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.333-351
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• 2017

Schools are expected to ultimately moderate the difference of inequality issues among social groups and reduce the achievement gaps. This study investigates this expectation, in particular, how students' mathematics achievements are influenced by their parents' education at the individual level and by collective responsibility for teaching at the school level as well as the interaction of the two. Using a two-level hierarchical linear model, this study indicates that a school collective responsibility has a larger positive effect on students' mathematics achievement when their parents' education level is high. This means that school's collective responsibility accelerates inequity in students' mathematics achievement. Knowing that collective responsibility has less of an effect on students whose parents' education is not high, researchers, schools, and school districts should continue to search for school effects that have more of a positive impact on the relationship between mathematics achievement for students whose parents' education is not high in order to have more equitable results for all students.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1994년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.177-179
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• 1994

In conventional maglev system, the individual control system has been adopted. When this control system is applied, it is able to degrade the stability of levitation because of the interferance between magnet. And so, it is desiarable to be controled in global, collective control. In doing so, the dynamic suspension characteristics is improved. In this paper, collective control system using the equivalent inertia is examined and the dynamic characteristic are compared with that of individual control system.