• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.415-427
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• 2021

Wetland ecosystems act as natural freshwater purification systems, but their rich biodiversity is being threatened with the introduction of the non-native freshwater snail, Pomacea canaliculata. This study was conducted to measure the herbivory effects and growth rate of P. canaliculata on common macrophytes: Ipomoea aquatica, Ipomoea batatas, Pandanus amaryllifolius and Cucurma longa. In separate experiments, the macrophyte species were served as the snails' food as individual species and simultaneously. In the individual treatment, the growth pattern and rate were based on the snails' weight (mg/snail/day; n = 9) while the individual feeding consumption (mg/snail/day) was calculated from the leftover food. In the simultaneous treatment, the herbivory effects were evaluated as the feeding preference (%) from observations every two hours, while the total feeding consumption (mg) was calculated based on the food remaining after a 12-hour experiment (3 replicates: total n = 27). The results indicated that the growth pattern was significant for snails grazing on I. aquatica but not when other macrophyte species were eaten. The individual feeding consumption was higher when using I. aquatica than P. amaryllifolius but the growth rate for snails grazing on I. aquatica and P. amaryllifolius did not differ significantly. Meanwhile, the consumption of C. longa deterred the snails' growth rate. Although the snails consumed all the macrophytes in the individual experiment, when given the species simultaneously, the feeding preference and total feeding consumption were directed significantly more toward I. aquatica than P. amaryfollius and C. longa. We conclude that P. canaliculata is a generalist feeder given a limited choice of food but tends to show a strong feeding preference after being introduced to more food choices. These findings indicate that the introduction of P. canaliculata into wetland ecosystems may increase the herbivory effects on macrophytes, making these ecosystems vulnerable to the impact of eutrophication and biodiversity reduction.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.397-410
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• 2000

This is a nonequivalent control group pretest- posttest design in quasi experimental basis to assess how the thermal head and feet support influences on early stage weight gain in premature neonates. The clients were selected among the premature infants with the weight under 2000gms and with the gestational period under 37 weeks, admitted over 15 days in K university hospital, Seoul. The control group of 29 were selected from January 1998 to August 1998, who were without head and feet thermal support, and the experimental group of 30 were selected from September 1998 to May 1999, who were with the two thermal interventions. The results of the study follow, 1.The experimental group with thermal interventions showed more weight gain than the control group without thermal interven- tions, which was statistically significant between the two groups. 2.The physiological weight loss after birth showed less in the experimental group than in the control group. 3.The recovery of the birth weight after the physiologic weight loss showed no statistical difference between the experimental group and the control group. Consequently, the thermal head and feet supportive nursing intervention could be applied as a nursing intervention program to help the premature neonates' development. With the results above we should like to suggest the following: 1) A continuous application in the practice of our thermal supportive intervention for the premature neonates, a development of the content through evaluation, and a comparision of the results through a long time study. 2) A neccessity of deveopment of various study and cross comparision. 3) A neccessity of multi-angular study on the premature infants' characteristics influencing the thermal therapy and the study of the individual differences of the clients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.71-83
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• 1995

The purpose of the study was to develop generalized equations for estimating stature and weight for the nonambulatory elderly persons. Height weight recumbent knee height total ann length, midarm, waist and calf circumferences, triceps and subscapular skinfolds were measured from over 60 years old 315 ambulatory elderly. The equations to predict stature and weight were derived from participants in the validation sample and were applied to the participants in the cross-validation to test the accuracy and validity of equations. Stature and weight were significantly and negatively associated with age of women and similar patterns observed in men but associated to a slight degree. Knee height and total arm length were highly correlated with stature but the majority of the variances in stature was accounted for by knee height for both the men and women. In men, waist circumference was the most significantly correlated with weight and am, calf circumferences and so forth. But in women arm circumference was the highest then waist and calf circumference in order. The possible predictor variables to estimate of stature were knee height total arm length and age for both elderly men and women. Predictor variables to estimate of weight were recumbent measures of waist am, calf circumferences and knee height for both sexes. Inclusion of skinfold thickness measurements did not improve the prediction power of estimation for weight. When both equations developed from the present study and Chumlea's study were applied to cross-valida-tions samples, the equations derived from present study showed better accuracy and validity. The presentation of prediction equations using two, three, or four recommended measurements allows the selection of an equation based upon the measurements that are possible to collect on an individual basis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 1992

This study was aimed to investigate the relations between self-selected intake of 3 macronutrie-nts and body weight gain and body fat accumulation in male rats given three isocaloric diets differing carbohydrate protein and fat contents concurrently. Also the effect of dietary restriction was observed. Forty two male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 68.7$\pm$6.1g were randomly divided into 2 groups and were allowed to have foods from 3 different cups for 8-hours a day or ad libitum, After 12 weeksthey were decapitated and their brains were quickly removed and frozen until they were assayed for serotonin and its metabolite 5-HIAA The carcass was dried at 105$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ and measured the contents of body water and body fat. The animals chose a moderately high and constant carbohydrate level and showed the increase of percent protein intake with age and great individual variations. Protein in the diet seemed to trigger appetite and increase food intake which resulted in higher weight gains and in more fat deposition in the body. The concentration of brain serotonin did not show any correlations with the intake of nutrients. the accumulation of body fat and the gain of body weight.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.555-566
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• 2017

Recently some efforts have been performed to combine the advantages of light-weight and self-compacting concrete in one package called Light-Weight Self-Compacting Concrete (LWSCC). Accurate prediction of hardened properties from fresh state characteristics is vital in design of concrete structures. Considering the lack of references in mixture design of LWSCC, investigating the proper mixture components and their effects on mechanical properties of LWSCC can lead to a reliable basis for its application in construction industry. This study utilizes wide range of existing data of LWSCC mixtures to study the individual and combined effects of the components on the compressive strength. From sensitivity of compressive strength to the proportions and interaction of the components, two equations are proposed to estimate the LWSCC compressive strength. Predicted values of the equations are in good agreement with the experimental data. Application of lightweight aggregate to reduce the density of LWSCC may bring some mixing problems like segregation. Reaching a higher strength by lowered density is a challenging problem that is investigated as well. The results show that, the compressive strength can be improved by increasing the of mixture density of LWSCC, especially in the range of density under $2000Kg/m^3$.

• 산업공학
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• 제16권spc호
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• pp.144-148
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• 2003

A group of digital human models with various sizes which properly represents a population under consideration is needed in the design process of an ergonomic product in virtual environment. The present study proposes a two-step method which produces a representative group of human models in terms of stature and weight. The proposed method first generates a designated number of pairs of stature and weight within an accommodation range from the bivariate normal distribution of stature and weight of the target population. Then, from each pair of stature and weight, the method determines the sizes of body segments by using 'hierarchical' regression models and corresponding prediction distributions of individual values. The suggested method was applied to the 1988 US Army anthropometric survey data and implemented to a web-based system which generates a representative group of human models for the following parameters: nationality, gender, accommodation percentage, and number of human models.

• 비만대사연구학술지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2023

Despite the emergence of obesity as a significant public health concern, artificial sweeteners have made their way into various food products due to the perception, that they serve as substitutes for sugar. Artificial sweeteners are used to supposedly achieve weight management and health improvement. However, their efficacy and safety remain debatable. Commonly used artificial sweeteners include aspartame, acesulfame potassium, saccharin, and sucralose. This article discusses the effects of artificial sweetener consumption on weight loss, appetite regulation, blood glucose control, and gut microbiota. Research findings, concerning the consumption of artificial sweeteners and their association with body weight, have shown inconsistencies between randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. Studies, comparing artificial sweeteners to sugar, have reported no significant differences in satiety. Although artificial sweeteners have no calories, they can affect blood sugar levels through the cephalic phase insulin response. A recent study suggested that artificial sweeteners influenced the occurrence of diabetes. Due to limitations in the study design, excluding diabetes-influencing factors was not feasible. The evidence showed that artificial sweeteners harbored potential health risks, necessitating further investigation. According to recent studies, the consumption of artificial sweeteners was associated with gut microbiota changes and individual blood sugar responses. It is important to note that artificial sweeteners cannot be considered safe alternatives to sugar, and further research is required.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2014

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the ingestive behavior of lambs confined in individual and group stalls. We used thirty-four lambs in their growing phase, aged an average of three months, with mean initial live weight of $17.8{\pm}5.2$ kg. They were allotted in a completely randomized design with 24 animals kept in individual stalls and 10 animals confined as a group. The experiment lasted for a total of 74 days, and the first 14 days were dedicated to the animals' adaption to the management, facilities and diets. The data collection period lasted 60 days, divided into three 20-d periods for the behavior evaluation. The animals were subjected to five days of visual observation during the experiment period, by the quantification of 24 h a day, with evaluations on the 15th day of each period and an interim evaluation consisting of two consecutive days on the 30th and 31st day of the experiment. The animals confined as a group consumed less (p<0.05) fiber. However, the animals confined individually spent less (p<0.05) time on feeding, rumination and chewing activities and longer in idleness. Therefore, the lower capacity of lambs confined in groups to select their food negatively affects their feeding behavior.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.537-550
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• 2020

This study attempts to identify gender and age discrimination by individual lenders in P2P lending markets by analyzing empirical transaction data from multiple platforms including Moneyauction, Popfunding, and 8percent. To do this, the study investigates the effects and importance of a borrower's gender and age on individual lenders' preferences and a borrower's actual repayment performance using multiple linear regression and relative weight analyses. As a result, no gender discrimination is found in the three Korean P2P lending markets, and such indiscrimination is rational, on the grounds that the borrower's gender does not have a statistically significant impact on the lenders' preferences as well as his/her actual repayment performance, and its relative importance is minimal. While, there marginally exists age discrimination against a borrower in the markets, and such ageism is likely to be irrational, on the grounds that the borrower's age has a partly significant and minimally important impact on the lenders' preferences, but has no significant and important impact on his/her repayment performance. For the first time, these findings help to clarify gender and age discrimination issues in the P2P lending market by identifying the rationality of individual lenders' preferences to the borrower's gender and age in the Korea.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1975

가잠견의 실용형질에 있어서 자웅간의 개체차이를 알기 위하여 잠 111$\times$잠 112의 19아구 (자견 843과, 웅견 806과)에 대하여 각 시양형질별로 견질의 개체변이, 동 아구내변이 및 동 아구간변이를 조사하였고, 정적 자웅 각 300과에 대한 일변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 견질의 변이 2. 견질의 일변화 전견중의 감모율은 용기의 초기보다 말기에 컸으며 그 경향은 자견보다 웅견이 더 컸다.